Sociology Midterm 2 review (Chp 1-6)

Mead

Society

organizational addicts

Society / Groups are what we identify ourselves with

Durkheim criticizes Marx on grounds that Marx is too materialistic. As a means for an ameliorative strategy when studying societies, he suggests to do so as though all matters in society should be studied as social facts. What does he mean by this?

Study all things as social facts. I.E. God may not be a fact, but the fact that many believe in Him, and many others don't, that is a fact.

Siege mentality

Emphasis on crime prevention, rather than law enforcement

One of the most important figures Max Weber will zero in on was John Calvin. An ambitious young man, Calvin wanted to move up the ranks of the church hierarchy, but only found himself at odds with it. What caught his attention which inspired him to begin questioning the church?

He discovered that the church was making sales out of indulgences. This means that the church is profiting from selling real estate in heaven, one only God has decision-making power over, and not the church.

Weber was interested in testing the probabilities of our society making it into socialism. Since it was a futuristic idea and hadn't taken place yet, he decided to look for a similar occurrence from the past. How was he able to equate past occurrences with futuristic societies?

He thought that graduating into socialism is possible through social change, hence was inspired to be on the lookout for it in the past. This led him to wonder where capitalism came from in the first place.

Why does the mark of the criminal record contribute to crime rates? a. All of the provided answers work together to contribute to high recidivism rates. b. Hardened by prison conditions, they are looked upon with suspicion and mistrust by the civilian population. c. Prisons also schools for crime. Associating with other criminals, and establishing networks, it becomes easier to consider the life of crime. d. Research has shown that those with criminal records are much less likely to be offered jobs than those with no records. Unemployed, or underemployed, they become more inclined to get into the life of crime all over again.

a. All of the provided answers work together to contribute to high recidivism rates.

Values are: a. abstract ideas of what's worthwhile and appropriate. b. concrete rules of behavior. c. all of the options provided are correct. d. definite principles or rules people are expected to follow.

a. abstract ideas of what's worthwhile and appropriate.

In the front stage is where we:

are able to manage impressions of ourselves as sacred objects. Here we will have fixed our props, and rehearsed our lines to appear in a positive image.

In the backstage we:

are motivated to gather our scripts and overall intentions as a means to manipulate a desirable image in a concealed manner.

The formal operational stage, according to Piaget, is one where we:

aren't only able to solve logical problems but hypothetical ones as well. Here we're able to imagine the world around us even beyond reality.

Ascribed status

assignment based on biological factors

Sutherland, a symbolic integractionist, has argued that as long as one __________ with deviant forces, they too will lead to deviant behavior.

associates

This whole game is presented before an _________. Goffman makes the analogy of theatrical performance to explain how everyday interaction takes place.

audience

The kinds of impressions we manage are presented before _________. These hold possession cultural scripts and are the ones who credit us for our "appropriate" presentations.

audience/society/those around us

What is the most likely explanation for why violent crime is so prevalent in the United States, compared to other Western societies? Mark all that apply. a. Excessive laws regulating access to guns. b. The widespread availability of firearms. c. Lack of gun availability. d. The frontier tradition of raising boys to be tough and macho.

b. The widespread availability of firearms. & d. The frontier tradition of raising boys to be tough and macho.

Cloward and Ohlin added to these arguments, stating that ____________ is/are necessary to lead to deviance since not all "bad students" will show as high rates of deviance as those with connections to deviant influences. a. material success b. differential opportunities c. moral individuality d. status frustration

b. differential opportunities

The idea that you should not cheat during this exam is an example of: a. taboos. b. norms. c. values. d. morals.

b. norms.

Hirschi argued that we are all deviants, and that when in ________________, we are all bound to commit crimes. These forces need to be there for us to refrain from engaging in deviant behavior. a. the presence of morality b. the absence of controlling forces c. the presence of controlling forces d. the absence of morality

b. the absence of controlling forces

In the ____________ is where we put together our scripts. This is where we do our dirty work, and plan team collusion.

backstage

The _____________ views of Lombroso, have argued that there is something hereditary about deviant behavior, and can be seen in certain body types.

biological

The mark of the criminal record is also one that contributes to crime rates. Research has shown that those with criminal records are much less likely to be offered jobs than those with no records. ______________ (race) with no criminal records, had as much chance of being hired as whites with a felony record.

blacks

Most of index crimes have been found to be committed by _________,with the peak ageat 18

boys

In ____________ ___________ theory, Zimbardo agreed with Hirschi and argued that despite the neighborhood, social class and race, everyone is likely to commit crimes if it appears that "no one cares."

broken windows

How would Mead say we become social persons

Mead will answer this question of how we are able to become social persons with symbolic interactionalism. Mead argues that through symbolic interactionalism actors define the actions of other actors, and that is all mediated by symbols. Mead is about people being a byproduct of the social circles they belong to

Bureaucracy

a system of government in which most of the important decisions are made by state officials rather than by elected representatives.

Powerful people commit, what are called why collar crimes. With 40 times more in damages as compared to the crimes of the powerless, they are rarely prosecuted. Why is this? a. Their crimes are victimless, so rarely do we find out about them. b. Their victims are too afraid to call the police, fearing retaliation. c. Their crimes are distanced in time and in space. d. Motivated by the drive to succeed, the powerful are too moral to allow themselves to lower themselves to this level, therefore rendering the statement as incorrect.

c. Their crimes are distanced in time and in space.

In The Human Behavior Experiments Stanley Milgram argues the belief that "human behavior [...] stems from the personality or character" of the individual person is: a. is what the social psychologists refer to as the fundamental attribution error. b. an example of false consciousness. c. all of the options provided are correct. d. an illusion.

c. all of the options provided are correct.

When those refuse to live with the rules most of us follow, we say that they are ___________. a. innovationists b. retreatists c. all of the options provided are examples of deviants d. rebels

c. all of the options provided are examples of deviants

In the documentary on the Human Behavior Experiments, it was argued that: a. despite some human deficiencies and difficulties, with a strong and clear mind, one is capable of tackling all impediments. b. no matter what problems people have, it is all in their control, and when fallen into it, they deserve to endure consequences of. c. although with some personal control, much of what happens to us is determined by structural limitations, when looked upon with a generalist observation, will reveal the "iron cage"-like controls society has over the individual. d. the Weberian analogy of an "iron cage" is a limitation that sociologists have.

c. although with some personal control, much of what happens to us is determined by structural limitations, when looked upon with a generalist observation, will reveal the "iron cage"-like controls society has over the individual.

In Suicide, Durkheim argues that in modern day societies ____________ suicide will take place. This is when one has lost important regulatory forces and has no others to replace that loss with. a. fatalistic b. egoistic c. anomic d. altruistic

c. anomic

Cohen agreed with Merton and argued that inner-city youths experience status frustration. What does he mean by this? a. Young men become frustrated by lack of status symbols, such as the latest phones, shoes and etc., that they go on the lookout to commit any crimes of lucrative outcomes to achieve the need for status. b. All of the options apply in the way they all work together to contribute to status frustration c. Inner city boys become frustrated by not learning enough, so they start book clubs to convince themselves that they too are smart. d. Fed up with the obtrusive forces of being a "good student," they won't, in fact, reach it, so they will reject the middle-class values, and replace them with norms of defiance.

d. Fed up with the obtrusive forces of being a "good student," they won't, in fact, reach it, so they will reject the middle-class values, and replace them with norms of defiance.

Cloward and Ohlin added to these arguments, stating that ____________ are necessary to lead to deviance, since not all "bad students" will show as high rates of deviance as those with connections to deviant ends.

differential opportunities

Corporate crimes are even less likely to be detected, as they often feel _________ in time and space. We are less likely to feel victimized by them, since their crimes do not feel so close to us.

distanced

With the above statement (#2), ____________ also become part of the game, as we may be able to misrepresent ourselves.

dramaturgy (theatrical performance)

The smallest kind of group is known as the ________. These groups are filled with intimacy and intense interactions, and therefore can be unstable and conflict ridden.

dyad

Achieved status

earned through one's efforts

In his Suicide, Durkheim argues that in modern day societies 2 types of suicide can be observed. ____________ suicide will take place when one has lost integration from moral forces, and has become excessively individualistic. ____________ suicide will take place when one has lost important regulatory/ controlling forces, and has no others to replace that loss with.

egoistic; anomie

Because we may sometimes fall short of managing the right impressions, two controlling forces arise. ______________ is a self controlling strategy, while ___________ is a social control strategy, as society reminds us of our short comings.

embarrasment; stigma

Whenever these two classes of people come together, _____________ becomes a common reality, that is profiting off of the labor of one, while not having made any actual effort to earn that profit.

exploitation

Primary groups are ___________ bonded, in that we build strong emotional ties in face to face interactions.

expressively

Our authors flush out the ________, _________, _________, _________ and ________ as the agents of socialization.

family, peers, work, media, school

Out-groups

feelings of antagonism& contempt "others"

In the school is where we are introduced to the ________ process of life. Here we learn to observe rules and obey the authority of the teacher.

formal

The ________________ stage is one where we aren't only able to solve logical problems but hypothetical ones as well. Recent research has shown that only half of Americans will ever get to this stage.

formal operational stage

With this token, Mead was arguing that the self is _______ by pure imitation.

formed

Karl Marx, in disagreeing with Durkheim, says that Capitalism cannot possibly allow for freedom as it makes its money from the workers' labor. Increasingly, as the worker falls into debt, s/he spends much of his/her time working to pay those debts, and therefore not free. Durkheim disagrees with this and says:

freedom is possible when one belongs to so many groups where none of them has any absolute power over an individual.

Durkheim is the father of a perspective in sociology called:

functionalism.

The _________ perspective theorists argue that society is like an organism where all the parts are interrelated to finally hold that society together.

functionalist

In the ________ stage a child is not only able to imitate one's family but the _________ other as well. This is where they will have learned to exercise their "I" and "me" parts of the self interchangeably.

game; generalized

Feminists add to Marx's line of thought and explain that oppression still exists in the ______ gap.

gender

Mead says that as the child progresses from stage to stage, s/he is able to role take with others. This involves:

getting in the shoes of others and imagine how others see them. This leads to imitation with observed characters.

Theological societies are guided by:

greater traditionalism, with its status quo maintained by the institution of religion.

These experiments suggest that becoming too consumed within the group can indeed lead to _______________. Dissent is less likely to be raised since most of the group members advocate another perspective, as was the case with the Columbia Shuttle disaster.

groupthink

Our authors argue that violent crimes, although take up only 10 % of all other types of crimes, are the result of __________ ______ and the ________ _______, as US men are socialized to be macho, and tough.

gun availability; frontier tradition

Despite popular belief, crime has dropped since the 1990's, because of legislation for ________ _______. The booming ________ has also added to this change, and increased _______ opportunities have created options for "would be criminals."

gun control; economy; job

To convince themselves of God's plan for a favorable outcome in the afterlife, Protestants engaged in:

hard work

Prisons have been even less effective, as they come to serve as schools for crime. Instead of correcting, prisons make inmates into more __________ criminals.

hardened

Socialist democracies, also known as welfare states, seem to levels of quality of life and a standard of living show______compared with capitalist countries.

higher

The two classes of people that allow for Capitalism to function are the workers and the business owners they work for. Which of the examples from below is NOT a good example of this social dynamic?

homeless persons as an example of workers, and superstar basketball players as an example of the owners.

Challenging Karl Marx, Emile Durkheim begins his work by looking into:

how societies maintain social solidarity.

Feminists emphasize the condition of society by directing our attention to:

how stratification between men and women take place in the home, at school and at work as means to keep women in second class citizenry status.

As we learn to role take with these agents we come to __________ with them. a. _____________ are what others attribute us with. b. ______________ are what we feel makes us distinct. It is in the society that we find our __________. This is the last part of what constitutes the definition of sociology

identify; social; self; sense of self

Our _______ also come with series of _________, as we learn what behaviors are expected of us in our position.

identity; roles

Re-integrative shaming

immediate community of the criminal are brought into the court

Because of this we are able to engage in __________ __________, according to Goffman, as we can find ourselves free to show any claims and promises we see deemed for our character.

impression management

___________ are the groups we feel loyalty and respect for. We develop a sense of "we", which may create a sense of superiority.

in-groups

Unequally set in the hierarchy of the organization, Weber offers a counterargument to Marx by suggesting that:

inequalities are inevitable.

Secondary groups are more ___________ bonded groups, in that we use one another for monetary benefits. These are impersonal and often lack emotional feelings.

instrumentally

Primary / Expressively bonded groups

intimacy, commitment, and Greater similarity/ race/ethnicity

In continuous completion, driven by rational motives, such organization invest more and more into rules and laws that make most sense. Such aggressive investments lead us more and more into the ____________.

iron cage

___________ theorists have added to Sutherland's ideas, and have said that when one is seen associating with deviants, they are stigmatized, therefore not trusted. In this process they are denied access to legitimate resources, and only left with deviant means to satisfy their needs. Thus deviance is a self fulfilling prophecy.

labeling

In that sense the self is not ours, but on ___________ from society.

loan

In-groups

loyalty and respect for "we"

The family is the _________ socializing agent, in that it teaches us all the most important ways of life.

main

The _____________ agent teaches us how to role take with characters presented in simulated form. Some researchers have argued that violent behavior can become renewed as we role take with its characters.

mass media

Launching off of Durkheim, Merton says that the theory of anomie, when applied to the US, explains much about deviance in the US. The value of ___________ _____________ can lead to deviance, as minimal resources won't be enough reach such a high goal.

material success

Emile Durkheim, who strongly disagrees with Marx argued that we can now escape collective reign and are finally freed. In his sociology __________ will constitute as his culture, __________ will constitute as his society, which is made up of _____________ laborers.

moral individuality, organic societies, specialized

which of those from below is an example of "culture"?

morals values beliefs ideology

Mesomorph

muscular, active+

Karl Marx is seen by many as the ultimate sociologist who sets up the scientific categories for research. In his sociology __________ will constitute as his culture, __________ will constitute as his society, which is made up of _______ and ________ as the individuals in conflict with one another.

mutual means of production, capitalist's economic base, owners, workers

The superiority we feel is seen in relation to an ____________. We see these groups with antagonism and contempt.

out-group

What's the relevance of describing modern societies in the way Weber sees it?

owned by multiple owners, no longer do any of them have control over their organizations, passing the control over to the workers who operate them from the top all the way to the bottom end workers.

Morals are beliefs of conceptions of what's right and wrong. All of those from below are examples of morality except:

paying taxes.

The ways in which one is introduced to the world, is done so through the socialization efforts of the agents of socialization. All of the following are examples of agents of socialization except: family

pets

In the __________ stage, a child imitates _________ others. This is where s/he learns and gives meaning to his/her actions. This is where the "me" part of the self is developed.

play; significant

In the ____________ stage is where we learn language. At this stage we are likely to be very egocentric, in that we may only have developed cognitively enough to interpret the world in terms of our own position only.

preoperational stage

In the _________ stage, according to Mead, the child is able to imitate all that s/he sees without meaning. This is where the "I" part of the self becomes developed.

prepatory

Psychologists have argued that there is ______________ ______________ to watch out for when speaking of deviance. They are emotionless characters that engage in violence for its own sake.

psychopathic personalities

Max Weber, borrowed some of Marx's arguments and added more to properly describe modern day societies. In his sociology __________ will constitute as his culture, __________ will constitute as his society, which is made up of individuals who are separated from one another by _______ and ________ .

rationalization, rationalized legal societies, class, status

All the while we socialize with our in-groups, we find that they give is a sense of _________, in that they provide us with standards for self evaluation.

reference

When one _____ ______ with others, s/he is able to get in their shoes and imagine how others see them.

role take

Norms

rules people expect to conform to; "appropriateness" - tipping waitresses - washing hands

Norms

rules people expected to conform to, appropriateness

According to Piaget, ______, ________, _______, _________, _______ are the steps to cognitive development. For every single worldly experience, we accumulate cognitively and are able to think about our behaviors.

schema, assimilation, accomodation, equilibrium, equilibration

Metaphysical societies will in time resolve their condition with:

science as the victor as it will be guided by falsifiable reason.

Positivistic societies are guided by:

scientific inquiry only, while long liberated from the faith-based reasoning religion.

By worshiping those from above, everyone else can find salvation by:

seeking and accepting employment from the rich. This is so because in doing so one would see their monetary position improving as well.

According to Mead, the ______ is the byproduct of social circles one belongs to.

self

It is in society that we find our __________. This is how we learn who we are.

self identity

When unable to manage desirable impressions, Goffman says, embarrassment will arise. This is a:

self-controlling strategy, as we feel a sense of discomfiture and become inclined to correct ourselves.

The _________ stage, is one that starts out at birth. Here we experience the world with all our senses, such as touching, sucking, feeling, smelling and tasting.

sensorimotor stage

Self identity

set apart from others as distinct individuals

Peer groups are unique in that they are made up of persons of ______ age and are able to become organized enough to moves as wholes.

similar

Groups are bonded by greater _____________.

similarities

"Stigma," Goffman explains, may be employed as a form of:

social control, as others still find it appropriate to keep us informed of our shortcomings.

Postmodernism says that:

social interaction becomes distorted of meaning, in that, reality no longer exists.

Conflict perspective theory is a unique perspective in sociology in that it says:

social systems are set on constant struggle, inequality, and exploitation.

Functionalism is a unique perspective in sociology in that:

social systems working together to keep solidarity through interdependent parts.

Replacing capitalism is _______________. This is a system that rids itself of greedy profiting, and distributes those profits to everyone __________.

socialisn, equally

We find that most crimes are committed by men. The reasons that women commit fewer crimes, have been many, but our authors suggest that it is that men are more in the non-domestic sphere, and have been ___________ to be more violent.

socialized

Symbolic interactionism is an American contribution to sociology in that it says:

societies maintain contact among people through interactions and how those interactions become used as means to define situations through the use of language.

Rational choice theory says that:

society is made up of actors motivated by self-interest who seek the minimize cost while maximizing profits.

We, on the other hand, for practical reasons, came to define "sociology as the interrelationship between _______, ________ and _______.

society, culture, and individuals

When answering the question on socialization, Mead and Piaget seem to take paradoxical standpoints on the question at hand. Mead seems to mostly credit __________ as the source of what influences our status as a social person, while Piaget credits the __________.

society/ individual

Master Status

some statuses have priority over other statuses

Symbols

something that stands for something else and that carries meaning

Symbols

something that stands for something else; anything that carries a particular meaning

As groups grow larger in size they become increasingly __________, but show decreased levels of __________. Here increased combination of interaction becomes possible.

stable; intensity

August Comte wanted to study societies in their _______ form, so that it could be made better, in their _______ form.

static, dynamic

Cohen agreed with Merton, and argued that as inner city youths become _______ ___________ of being a "good student" they won't in fact reach it, so they will congregate and reject the middle class values, with norms of defiance.

status frustrated

In relation to our socializing agents (society) we learn our ________, as they indicate to us where we stand in our group.

status sets

Symbols are something that stands for something else. All of those from below are correct examples of symbols except:

your photo.

Metaphysical societies are guided by:

the conflictual coexistence of religion and science.

Following off of the last question, Durkheim builds an argument against the primary point in the Marxian argument, which is that capitalism will collapse. He says this is prematurely addressed because:

the economy is part of the organism, so if it were to fail other parts of the organism will come to its aid, keeping it from collapsing.

Karl Marx sees the economy as the base of all societies. This point is best confirmed by:

the fact that every society has to be able to satisfy the basic material needs of its people.

Realizing that he is in opposition in relation to the church, Calvin suggested that the church is only one place God resides, but not the only place. God is everywhere and can be communicated with by anyone, warranting that priests have no special position with Him. God, Calvin will declare, has communicated with him and brought the idea of predestination to his attention. By this token, predestination is:

the idea that our fate (heaven vs. hell) in the afterlife is determined for us before we're born.

which of those from below is NOT an example of "culture"?

the individual person

In the video on The Merchants of Cool, the director is highlighting the current condition of today's American culture, with an emphasis on the role of the media, and its contributions. It is the director's goal to insinuate that:

the media acts as another alienating power to "colonize teenagers." With the intention of turning a profit, the media is indicted for immorality.

Motivated in counterarguing Marx, Weber says that in the face of inequality that we have democracy, as everyone is paid by merit. This means that the higher one's talents, the higher their pay will be because an employer is interested in keeping the employee in order to utilize his/her talents. Marx disagrees with this as a measure of democracy and says:

the more "talented" one has had a more advantaged start as his/her parents have invested in their education. The less advantaged, haven't had the same kinds of parents because their parents were too busy working to pay off debts, and not readily available to teach their children. Therefore, the unequal start in life cannot be a measure of democracy.

According to the belief in rationalization, the most favored by God are:

the rich

As we manage impressions of a moral person who is also a "nice guy" we can be controlled if we violate this impression. In this sense, the self is not ours, but on LOAN to us from society. By this Goffman means that:

the self is not ours, rather it belongs to society. When we act in ways society expects us to, we are solid, but when deviate, we can be denied future membership.

August Comte coined the term "sociology" as:

the study of society while being guided by scientific logic.

Why do democratic socialist societies show a higher quality of life and standard of living? Choose the wrong option.

they practice the free market system and reward those who pay their way through education. This makes them more desirable to employers.

Ectomorph

thin physique

Jean Piaget, on the other hand, emphasizes how humans ________ about themselves and their environment, therefore chisel their own attitudes, beliefs and perceptions.

think

Fatalistic

too much regulation /control (slaves)

Social democracies suffer from the problem of fewer crimes. For the most part, one would see this as a desirable problem, one that's achieved by: (Choose the inapplicable option)

tougher sentencing laws that punish criminals for their crimes us to kill the incentive to choose criminal opportunities.

Anomie

traditional norms and standards are undermined, without new ones

In larger groups leaders often become necessary. _____________ leaders are concerned about the emotional conditions of their group members, and do routine tasks. ____________ leaders go beyond routine tasks, and feel that their work has higher purpose, with a great sense of mission to accomplish greatness.

transectional/expressive leaders; transformational/instrumental leaders

When we add another person to a dyad, we call this a _________. In such groups the third person will either serve the role of a ____________, ______________ or ____________.

tryad; mediator; opportunist; one who divides and conquers

Identity

understanding people hold about who they are and what is meaningful to them

Statistics about crime and criminal behavior are collected annually by the FBI. The FBI's _______ ________ ______ has shown much lower rates of crimes as the ________ ________ ________ ________ was launched, displaying that most crimes in fact are never known to the police.

uniform crime report; national crime victimization survey

Taboos

violation is repugnant

Taboos

violation is repugnant - incest - cannibalism

Language

vocal and symbolic means of communication

Language

vocal and symbolic means of communication; ensures a continuity of culture; unlocks centuries of accumulated wisdom

White collar crimes

wealthy and powerful commit crimes, ex: Tax fraud, antitrust violations, illegal sales, embezzlement,

In that sense, deviance is relative, so we must ask ourselves "________________" are they breaking?

what rules

Status Sets

where someone falls in the group

Erving Goffman emphasizes the ways in which individuals go on and interact with society. This process takes place by impression management. That is:

where we carry ourselves in a manner as to always be in a positive light, in a desirable position.

Crimes of the powerful are even more dangerous. With 40 times as much in damages _________ __________ crimes are even less likely to be detected, caught and prosecuted

white collar

The ______ in Mead's model represents everything that is spontaneous and in the moment for us. It is the unsocialized part of the self.

"I"

The ______ is the part of the self that connects us to society. It is the socialized part of the self that knows how to role take with others.

"Me"

What is the relevance of the "midriff" character in relation to the "mook"?

She is introduced into the storyline in as much as she is willing and readily able to present her self as a sex object. She accepts that the mook will use her for his pleasure without commitment.

Marx believes that capitalism is better able to continue with its abusive ways by painting its abuses as natural and its victims as ambitious. The quote from below best supports this point is:

"those who own the economic means of production, also own the mental means of production"

Why would people in a society where they have little in common (individuality) with others be moral toward one another?

- As we share group memberships with such people, we begin to see others for their own personal qualities and not for a quality that might specifically stand out, such as race, religion, sexual orientation, gender and etc... - Being different is no longer strange, foreign or scary. Unable to find others who share all similar qualities with one, an individual interested in maintaining their functionality will have to accept others for being different.

The ways in which society connects us, the individuals, onto itself is by way of culture. In that sense culture is:

- a blueprint for appropriate behavior. - a map of society in the ways we are to maneuver within it. - a leash society has on every individual.

Social democracies have also achieved success in producing the most educated masses in the history of the world. As the most educated at any level when measured, they're able to achieve such outcomes by:

- having smaller class sizes where the teacher is well aware of how much progress each student has made and teaches accordingly is to maintain constant scaffolding. - having a teacher follow thę student all the way up to the fifth grade. This helps to make sure that time and resources aren't wasted by the inheriting teacher when figuring out the level of knowledge their new students possess. - literally making education available to all without cost. In some cases, they'll even pay for students to attend college.

With the inevitability of what was suggested by Weber as a latent outcome of modern corporations, societies become democratic. What does Weber mean by this?

- Employees are paid based on how much income their knowledge of the work helps to bring into their corporations. - Employees are treated unequally but also fairly. - Employees are hired based on their skills in terms of how they help corporations maintain profitability.

Rushkoff begins by introducing us to the essence of what this documentary is about. He does so by offering us the concept of "cool hunting." Which of the following are a good example of what he meant by this?

- Finding those who have the respect, admiration, and trust of their friends. - It's the method of collecting information on persons who are trendsetters or leaders, within their peer groups. - It's the idea of following around a target demographic in their natural habitat, as they learn of the interactional dynamic between the leader of the group and their followers.

Individuality to Durkheim is essential, in that he sees it as a product of modern societies. What is the relevance of this concept?

- I am a person of many qualities in terms of gender, race, ethnicity, sexual orientation, marital status, social class, including tastes, values, preferences, and etcetera. - One no longer resides in a state of homogeneity but finds him/her self to be different from all others. Differentness, and not similarity, dictates over all individuals in society. - Myriad group memberships allow us to pick up on bits and pieces of influences from all and in varying combinations, as to warrant an outcome of individuals as unique persons, unlike others.

Max Weber says that modern societies have become driven by a rational motivation of progress and calculated favorability. Marx disagrees with this assumption by saying that:

- If the masses aren't able to purchase the products that the owners make available to them, not only do the workers fall but the owners as well. The system is not only not rational, it is irrational. - There is nothing rational about the masses taking pay cuts, in that they are not progressing, but rather digressing. - If rationalism means to continuously move upward, then going toward the path of Socialism is the next rational step, as they show to offer higher quality of life and standard of living even when compared with the U.S.

Taking over important positions within the government, corporations gain tremendous influence. Why would we as a society tolerate such an invasion, according to Weber?

- The model of success such influential corporations operate by push others to play by those rules if they want to succeed. This means hiring their staff based on talent and skill become the norm. - They turn their model of success into law, enforceable by the government. - If other corporations want to succeed, they too would have to play by rules that successful corporations got to be successful because of.

Weber disagrees with Marx by saying profiting off of the labor of others is better conceptualized as an example of rationalization, and not exploitation. How does Weber support his argument?

- The worker is motivated by self-interest in the same way as the owner. If the worker really feels exploited, s/he is free to find other employers that will value them more fairly. - The worker is profited off of by the owner, in the same way as the worker profits off of the owner by taking a job s/he did nothing to create. The worker makes no investments in the business and takes no risks, hence with a job, s/he profits, though not equally, off the owner. - The worker may also start their own business if s/he wants to keep all the profits from their own labor.

Max Weber disagrees with Marx by saying that it's not so much "exploitation" as much as it is "rationalization" when it comes to the idea of profiting off of other people's labor. How does Weber support his argument?

- The worker may also start their own business if s/he wants to keep all the profits from their own labor. - The worker is motivated by self-interest in the same way as the owner. If the worker really feels exploited, s/he is free to find other employers that will value them more fairly. - The worker is profited off of by the owner, in the same way as the worker profits off of the owner by taking a job s/he did nothing to create. The worker makes no investments in the business and takes no risks, hence with a job, s/he profits, though not equally, off the owner.

Establishing bases on the rise of rationalism, Weber says that we have developed beyond the capitalist societies that Marx was describing with lamentation. A post-capitalist society, Rational-Legal societies are different from how Marx describes modern societies in that:

- they are run by corporations. - they are bureaucratic, in that modern companies are driven by rules and internal laws. - are driven by organizations.

Piaget

Individual

Sociology is the study of:

All of the above, as they interact in a constant cycle with one another. - society and the groups it's made up of - culture and the apparatuses it's made up of. - individuals and their psyches.

SYMBOLIC INTERACTIONISM

ACTOR'S DEFINITIONS OF OTHER ACTORS' ACTIONS, MEDIATED BY SYMBOLS SELF BYPRODUCT OF SOCIAL CIRCLES ONE BELONGS TO. Symbolic interactionalism happens in four stages during a child's life, the preparatory stage, the play stage, and the game stage.

Dyads

2 person group

Triads

3 person group

Society

Iron Cage

Agrarian cultures

Agriculture by growing crops, Practiced agriculture, Ruled by Chiefs, Rural communities

The Marxian model warrants the idea that the owning class not only is able to exploit the workers in the traditional sense but is able to profit by:

All of the provided options are commonplace practices that help the wealthy accumulate more wealth. All are possible because they are in a position of advantage, and not an example of hard work or intelligence. - making the worker labor for longer hours to accommodate the rising cost of goods and a loss of income from work. - forcing the workers into pay cuts as it creates a mass of vulnerable who are willing to work at cheaper wages. - making use of technology to reduce workers, the job of the worker is eliminated because technology can perform at much lower cost. - lending credit cards and loans, thereby collecting huge amounts interests.

Exploitation has historically always been a part of all societies. The society that has pulled this off most successfully is the most recent, Marx refers to as Capitalism. Which of the provided options warrants support for success in exploitation, ideologically?

All of the provided options are correct in as much as they lead to an outcome of false consciousness. - By getting the masses to view entertainment media within which the message of hard work leading to success is promoted ubiquitously, with little mention of it being an outcome of inheritances. - By keeping the intellectual capacity of the masses at a bare minimum with low performance in education. - By convincing the masses as to accept the condition of exploitation as a product of supernatural will.

The fate of capitalism warrants the need for a more efficient methodology called Socialism. This kind of economy is unique, compared to capitalism, in that:

All of the provided options are correct representations according to Marxists.

Robert Merton

American Value

NCVS (National Crime Victimization Survey)

An annual survey of selected American households conducted by the Bureau of Justice Statistics to determine the extent of criminal victimization-especially unreported victimization-in the United States

What is "society"?

Any people in the same geographic setting. Any group of two or more people. Any people in interaction.

Durkheim says that in our modern day Organic society we become more and more morally individualistic. What does he mean by this?

As one belongs to a myriad of groups and is able to benefit from not being controlled by any of them, the individual becomes the final unique product of the circles s/he belongs to. To assure such freedom and individuality, one will have to treat everyone in a righteous and moral way in order to maintain those group memberships.

Lombroso Cesar

Biological View of Deviance, family tree, shape of skull, all make a criminal want to commit crimes (discredited)

Solomon Asch

Asked subjects to match a line with 3 other lines

What four bonds deter crime

Attachment, commitment, involvement, belief

Conflict Perspective

Attention between culture and inequality

Symbolic Interactionism/ Sutherland

Conflict between the norms of two groups

Roles

Behavior expected of someone who holds a particular status

What's one way religion is endowed in a manner as to promote false consciousness?

By getting its followers to accept exploitative conditions as the will of the Supernatural; i.e. God.

According to Marx, the economic system that's most efficient in its ability to manage the material needs of its people is none other the Capitalism. Which of the examples from below appropriately support this claim?

By making the most efficient use of money, it allows for a quick exchange of goods and services between workers and their employers.

Organizations

Collective action to achieve a common purpose

Morality

Concepts of what's right and wrong

Status Frustration/ Cohen

Deviance is enforced through subcultures, lower class is judged by the middle class and vice versa

Labeling Theory

Deviant labeling stigmatized as criminal, the powerful do all the labeling

Psychological View of Deviance

Crime is tied to personality

Peak age of offending

Eighteen

Shaming

Form of punishment

In the ____________ is where we are able to manage impressions of ourselves as sacred objects. Here we will have fixed our props, and rehearsed our lines to appear in a positive image.

Front stage

What is a theory?

Generalizations that have high probability of validity and reliability.

In the Wild Child, the professor who worked with Genie said that she wasn't mentally retarded, but rather she didn't develop cognitively because she was "deficient in this island of the human mind, called grammar." Which of the options from below is an appropriate interpretation of this analysis?

Genie's cognition didn't develop because she wasn't stimulated by the interactional process, which is why not only did she not develop language but overall social skills.

The question Mead and Piaget debate on is

How do we become social persons?

When those refuse to live with the rules most of us follow, we say that they are _______________.

deviant

PRIMARY SOCIALIZATION

INFANCY TO CHILDHOOD

Secondary / Instrumental groups

Impersonal, Use them as they use us, schools, work groups, organization

Comte wanted to produce static sociology which he thought would lead toward a dynamic one. What did he mean by this?

In order to make societies better, we must understand them in the way they are, in their raw form.

A question that's always asked when making social democracies a topic of conversation, is whether it would work in the US. Doubting similar outcomes, critics claim that these countries aren't as diverse as us, nor do they have the unique history we have. Which of the those from below can be offered as a follow up to the statement that was just made?

In the post-depression era, we taxed the rich as high as 94% and as low as 70% leading the US to become the richest country in the world. Rendering the outcomes shown by social democracies as outcomes already practiced in the US, hence the reason for our success.

Borrowing the basic structure of Mechanical societies, Durkheim says that he has a more applicable base to studying modern societies. He calls such societies, Organic. What does he mean by this?

Institutions in society operate much like an organism. They all interdepend on one another for continuous functioning.

As group size increases

Intensity decreases but stability increases

Coercive

Involuntary organizations (therapy)

The position Protestants found themselves in warranted an outcome of a new way of thinking, Weber refers to as "rationalization." What does Weber mean by this term?

It is the idea of calculating one's continuous growth monetarily.

Marx, a student of Capitalism, warns us of the pitfalls of capitalism. The method, capitalism will follow, confirms such warnings through the concept of exploitation. Define exploitation in the way Marx meant it.

It is the position of advantage that gives some the ability to profit from other's labor, a sort of underserved capital.

In an effort to sell their products, Rushkoff, in the Merchants of Cool, says that the owning class will find characters, such as the "mook" or the "midriff," to promote them to their viewers through an effort he calls "pops." Define this term.

It is when the extreme masculinized or feminized character is able to command attention by the shock effect. This effect keeps the viewer in front of the television while pitching the clandestine advertisement.

Strangers

Know nothing about one another

AGENTS OF SOCIALIZATION

LEARNING WAYS OF LIFE FROM OTHER PEOPLE

____________ perspective theorists argue that the basis of oppression in society are exploitation, struggle for scarce resources, inequality, stratification and social class.

Marxist

Frontier tradition

Macho, overly Masculinized

What's the relevance of this documentary? Why not simply dismiss the entirety of this discussion on grounds that the media is simply there to entertain us? All from below are appropriate responses these questions with the exception one. Choose the exceptional/inapplicable option.

Marketers' success is based on their ability to seek out those who lack intelligence.

Egoistic

No important social and moral forces

Control Theory/Travis Hirschi

People are rational actors

CULTURE

People's way of life, from generation to generation

What is culture?

People's way of life, from generation to generation. - Shapes what we do, how we think, and how we feel. - Guide to behavior. - "Society's glue"

In the play stage, Piaget says that a child, although linguistically developing, is still egocentric. What does he mean by this?

Piaget never talked about this because the play stage wasn't a part of his theory. However, if the preoperatonal stage is what was intended, then it could be said that the child is unable to see from others' perspectives.

How would Piaget say we become social persons

Piaget will answer this question of how we are able to become social persons with Cognitive Development. Piaget is more about the way we think and our environments. Piaget argues that cognitive development is the way that we think about ourselves and our environments

Corporate Crimes

Pollution, misleading, violations of health and safety

_________ disagree with all the sociological perspectives and argue that no truth exists. We are in a state where "grand narratives" are only the simulations of our imaginations.

Postmodernists

The concept of "exploitation" is crucial in understanding Karl Marx. How was this concept defined within the lecture?

Profiting off of other people's labor.

_________ ________ theorists explain that the basis of all human interaction is self interest.

Rational choice

Pastoral

Reared animals: sheeps, goats, horses, camels, Engaged in horticultural practices, Ruled by chiefs or warrior kings

Deviance

Refuse to live with the rules most of us follow

____________ is a key concept in Weber's writings, because he claims that it is what has led into the development of capitalism. China and India were ready for capitalism, because they lacked it, as a result never were able to lead into it.

Religion

________ ________ perspective theorists explain that things could be looked from more micro levels to explain interaction between persons in face to face settings.

Symbolic interactionism

COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT

THE WAY IN WHICH WE LEARN TO THINK ABOUT OURSELVES AND OUT ENVIRONMENTS.SET OF ATTITUDES, BELIEFS AND PERCEPTION ABOUT OUR BEHAVIOR This theory says that there are four stages, Sensorimotor stage, Preoperational stage, Concrete operational stage, and Formal Operation stage. At each stage, five things must be met/understood to progress, schema, assimilation, accommodation, equilibrium, and equilibration.

The organic analogy Durkheim emphasizes challenges the Marxian view in addressing the economy. How is this true?

The economy, which to Marx is the base of all societies, Durkheim says is as another, though vitally important, part of the greater organism that is society.

How do our authors define as to what constitutes the discipline of "sociology."

The scientific study of human social life, groups, and societies.

Dramaturgy

Theatrical Preformance

Define as to what constitutes the definition of symbolic interactionism.

Theory that states that the foundation of society is language. It is through language that we become self-conscious. Society is the exchange of meaningful symbols/producy of everyday interaction between individuals.

Corporations that operate by the motivation of rationalism become most successful. Those that stay on this course become most profitable. This outcome helps them to also become very powerful and inevitably influential. How do such corporations exercise their influence?

They buy their way into the government to help pass laws influencing their grip in their line of service.

What describes adults who never reach the formal operational stage?

They cannot deal with hypothetical ideas. They are more often uneducated people. They often remain highly egocentric. They never quite learn how to "play" with an idea.

Uncertainty causes great psychological and physiological damage to the brain. To find comfort, those who believed in predestination, began to look for signs for one's Salvation/Damnation. What signs did they look for that finally gave them comfort? Correct!

They looked for signs of material possessions and wealth, or the lack of, as proof of one's fate in the afterlife.

Rushkoff concludes that capitalists end their cool hunt by promoting "rebellion" as just another product. Originally intended to criticize the mainstream culture, such underground culture will eventually become bought out and disseminated as examples of extremity and "pop." What are some possible outcomes when promoted in the home?

This has the effect of promoting resistance in the home, as the viewers will resist those in control of them by pushing the parents out of the picture, the capitalists insert themselves as the tacit hero who "truly" understand teens.

Rejected by the church, Calvin's ideas still were embraced by the populace who wanted moral justification for not paying taxes to the church. Those who followed this path discovered the uncertainties associated with taking such a position as believing in predestination. Why were they caught in such uncertainty?

This is because they believed in an ideology that would prove to be true in the afterlife only.

Why do citizens from countries that practice social democracies show to be wealthier and with higher incomes?

This is because when housing, childcare, education, healthcare, and transportation are accommodated for, the employed citizen receives an income, most of which isn't spent for those necessities, allowing for them to save.

Not only does equity increase prosperity but it also reduces poverty. All from below are explanations of how this is achieved except one. Choose the exceptional option.

This is done by cutting welfare. Pressed by scarcity the poor pull themselves out of poverty through sheer necessity, A sort of tough love loving parents subject their children to at the family level.

Why do the masses not question the condition of Capitalism? One other way this takes place is through education, rather, minimalistic education its masses will be limited to.

This is proven by the fact that Americans are at the bottom of the educational ladder in relation to all other highly industrialized societies.

Caught up in the rationalism of the need to continuously grow and succeed, the need for laws becomes set in abundance. In its excess, Weber suggests that this will lead us into an Iron Cage. What does he mean by this?

This means that we'll be trapped in a system that has never in the past shown to have graduated out for its rationality, casting doubt on the hope of socialism.

Stigmatizing shaming

Treat criminal as an outcast

Functionalist Perspective

Values are the core of culture

Sociobiology

Ways in which human biology affects how we create culture

In relation to our socializing agents (society), we learn that we possess sets of statuses. Which of the below are appropriate for defining this.

We learn how we are positioned in relation to others in the groups we are a part of.

Why would people in a society where they have little in common (individuality) with others be moral toward one another? All from below are correct except one. Choose the exception.

We'll consult religious leaders as a means to be guided by moral righteousness. Because morality is only possible through religion. In a secular society, few will fit this stereotype.

Utilitarian

Work for an icome

The ways in which society connects us, the individuals, onto itself is by way of culture. In that sense culture is: a. all of the options provided are correct. b. a blueprint for appropriate behavior. c. a leash society has on every individual. d. a map of society in the ways w are to maneuver within it.

a. all of the options provided are correct.

Launching off of Durkheim, Merton says that the value of ___________ can lead to deviance, as minimal resources won't be enough to reach high aspirations demanded of us in the American dream. a. martial success b. education c. status frustration d. property/ estate

a. martial success

When unable to manage desirable impressions, Goffman says, embarrassment will arise. This is a: a. self-controlling strategy, as we feel a sense of discomfiture and become inclined to correct ourselves. b. a Weberian concept Goffman did not talk about. c. the feeling of uncertainty, we resort to when in the face of challenge and ridicule. d. social controlling strategy, as others still find it appropriate to keep us informed of our shortcomings.

a. self-controlling strategy, as we feel a sense of discomfiture and become inclined to correct ourselves.

Values

abstract ideas of what is worthwhile and appropriate - single marital partner

Values

abstract ideas of what is worthwhile and appropriate (single marital partner)

Values are:

abstract ideas of what's worthwhile and appropriate.

In the same documentary, Rushkoff says that the media has engaged in "under-the-radar marketing." By this, he means that:

advertisers have learned to sell their products without seeming to do so. This is done by placing the product within the show.

In the documentary on the Human Behavior Experiments, it was argued that:

although with some personal control, much of what happens to us is determined by structural limitations, when looked upon with a generalist observation, will reveal the "iron cage"-like controls society has over the individual.

In The Human Behavior Experiments Stanley Milgram argues the belief that "human behavior [...] stems from the personality or character" of the individual person is :

an example of false consciousness. is what the social psychologists refer to as the fundamental attribution error. an illusion.

According to Piaget, schema, assimilation, accommodation, equilibrium and equilibration are the steps to cognitive development. This is:

an indication of increased worldly knowledge, the individual learns through direct worldly experiences.

The manner in which the storyline along with advertising is combined allows for:

an outcome of creating a connection between the brand name and a socially desirable situation.

Uniform Crime Report (UCR)

annual crime reports from local police

In the backstage we: a. observe actors perform Hamlet, Romeo and Juliet and other Shakespearean plays. b. knock on the doors of the elites asking them to network with us. c. are motivated to gather our scripts and overall intentions as a means to manipulate a desirable image in a concealed manner. d. are able to manage impressions of ourselves as sacred objects. Here we will have fixed our props, and rehearsed our lines to appear in a positive image.

c. are motivated to gather our scripts and overall intentions as a means to manipulate a desirable image in a concealed manner.

Shaking hands is an example of folkways. As such, folkways are: a. examples of common sense. b. shaking hands is not a folkway but rather values. c. customary ways of thinking and behaving. d. stories commonly told by others in your village.

c. customary ways of thinking and behaving.

"Stigma," Goffman explains, may be employed as a form of: a. none of the provided options are correct as having looked for signs was a way of practicing the idolizing of God. b. all of the options provided are correct. c. social control, as others still find it appropriate to keep us informed of our shortcomings. d. self-control, as we feel a sense of discomfiture and correct ourselves.

c. social control, as others still find it appropriate to keep us informed of our shortcomings.

By this it is meant that modem societies operate with _________ and ____________, leading to high profits. To assure such high profits, organization now begin to invest in ________ that are most rational and progress motivated. Hiring most qualified personnel, these systems become now __________. This shouldn't be mistaken with ___________, since these same personnel will perform their duties in the hierarchy of the organization, therefore securing varying incomes and status for their jobs.

calculations, progress, laws, democratic, equality

Social identity

characteristics other people attribute to us

Motivated by rationalism, modern organizations hire their employees based on skills and talent. As such, workers become rewarded and placed at every point in the organization from the top to the bottom. With this, according to Weber, they are unequally set based on what measures?

class, status

How we come to think about our selves, according to Piaget, the byproduct of __________ development.

cognitive

Continuous profiting and greed become a part of the nature of capitalism. Such realities however will lead to the _______________ of capitalism, since this is a system that cuts expenses from every corner including at the expense of their workers. The workers, who also possess the buying power, no longer can afford to ____________ the products that the owners make available to them, even if they are as cheap as possible.

collapse, purchase

Morality

conceptions of what is right and what is wrong - murder - rape - abortion - stealing

In the _______________ stage we learn the morals of society. This is also where we will have become intellectually equipped well enough to conduct "conservation problems."

concrete operational stage

One other ideological apparatus through which Capitalism dictates the mental capital of the masses is the media. It is able to have alienating effects over its viewers by:

conditioning them with values that get them to assume the inequalities in society are fair and due to the merit of hard work. This pays nearly no heed to inheritances one receives from their family.

Solomon Asch's experiment where subjects were asked to match a line with of the 3 other lines, demonstrates how groups have a way of pushing for ______________.

conformity

Laws

consciously created legal regulation

Work is also an important socializing agent in that we learn to bond with others by ________ means.

contractual

Hirschi argued that we are all deviants, and that when in the absence of ________ forces, we are all bound to commit crimes. These forces need to be there for us to refrain from engaging in deviant behavior.

control

Folkways

customary ways if thinking and behaving - opening doors - shaking hands

Shaking hands is an example of folkways. As such, folkways are:

customary ways of thinking and behaving.

Folkways

customary ways of thinking, and behaving

Why do men commit more crimes than women? a. Men have higher testosterone rates, giving them the propensity of violence. b. Men lack in their morality. c. It's not that men commit more crimes, it's that women commit fewer crimes. This is because women have superior thinking skills allowing them to consider all possibilities. d. Men are socialized to be macho and tough. When challenged, and often it takes little, they develop the need to prove themselves, especially when around other men.

d. Men are socialized to be macho and tough. When challenged, and often it takes little, they develop the need to prove themselves, especially when around other men.

The kinds of impressions we manage are presented before _________. These hold possession cultural scripts and are the ones who credit us for our "appropriate" presentations. a. society b. those around us c. an audience d. all of the options provided are correct

d. all of the options provided are correct

In the front stage is where we: a. observe actors perform Hamlet, Romeo and Juliet and other Shakespearean plays. b. are motivated to conceal our efforts of manipulation as to not lose face. c. knock on the doors of the elites asking them to network with us. d. are able to manage impressions of ourselves as sacred objects. Here we will have fixed our props, and rehearsed our lines to appear in a positive image.

d. are able to manage impressions of ourselves as sacred objects. Here we will have fixed our props, and rehearsed our lines to appear in a positive image.

Morals are beliefs of conceptions of what's right and wrong. All of those from below are examples of morality except: a. gay marriage b. abortion c. the death penalty d. paying taxes

d. paying taxes

A more' is a norm of great moral significance that's seen as "the only way of life", the only "the truth." All of those from below are examples of a more' except: a. any religion b. Jesus as the son of God c. the American version of Democracy d. symbolizing Allah

d. symbolizing Allah

Having a licentious sexual desire for a related person is said to be an example of: a. more's. b. violation of deeply held Christian values. c. violation of morals. d. taboos.

d. taboos.

As we manage impressions of a moral person who is also a "nice guy" we can be controlled if we violate this impression. In this sense, the self is not ours, but on LOAN to us from society. By this Goffman means that: a. when with enough money, one can buy their way out of the loan, therefore experience true autonomy and freedom. b. banks can play a big part in who we are. This is why the Republican party was against Obama's plans of bailing out banks, for we are now finally on the brink of experiencing true "freedom." c. Goffman never said such a thing. d. the self is not ours, rather it belongs to society. When we act in ways society expects us to, we are solid, but when deviate, we can be denied future membership.

d. the self is not ours, rather it belongs to society. When we act in ways society expects us to, we are solid, but when deviate, we can be denied future membership.

Erving Goffman emphasizes the ways in which individuals go on and interact with society. This process takes place by impression management. That is: a. where we plan in the way we'll pull together our scripts of manipulatory practices. b. where we can imagine the world beyond reality. c. where we're mostly guided by our senses. d. where we carry ourselves in a manner as to always be in a positive light, in a desirable position.

d. where we carry ourselves in a manner as to always be in a positive light, in a desirable position.

Symbols are something that stands for something else. All of those from below are correct examples of symbols except: a. the cross b. the star of David c. the crescent moon d. your photo

d. your photo

As costly as it is to belong to groups, they do offer us the possibility of "good connections" The __________ we form can indeed mean greater ties to people who can serve as important instrumental resources. The upper classes are more likely to benefit from this than others.

networks

Mores

norms of great moral significance/ strong social approval

Mores

norms of great moral significance/strong social approval - the only "way of life" - the truth - violators will be punished severely - religion

The idea that you should not cheat during this exam is an example of:

norms.

Normative

not for an income

Milgram added to this finding by claiming that when someone with higher status is in a group, ________________________ become possible.

obedience to authority

Social democracies also produce the healthiest citizenry in the world. This is achieved because they:

offer universal healthcare without any out of pocket expense. Supporting on the preventative methods end, they're able to keep their citizens from more serious consequences.

This level of individuality is only possible in modern ________ societies. Since these are societies that operate alike like an organism, every institution ____________ on all the others. The individuals in organic societies, now go to work as ___________ laborers. Working alongside with others of their kind, they form myriads of group ______________. So many in fact, where none of them has any excessive ______over them, leading them into freedom, individuals who make their own decisions and choices.

organic, depends, specialized, membership, control

As we learn to role take with our agents of socialization we come to identify with them. Social identities are what:

others attribute us with. They tell us who we are.

As a form of correction strategy, ______________ ____________ has served as a way to marginalize the criminal, which may lead to further crimes. ______________ ___________, on the other hand has worked more successfully, as immediate community members from the criminal's circle are brought into court and assigned to accept responsibility for reintegrating the offender back into the community.

stigmatizing shaming reintegrative shaming

In a society like ours, highly advanced, one may find interacting with ________ more often than with those one may be intimately connected to.

strangers

Altruistic

suicide for the group (too integrated)

A more' is a norm of great moral significance that's seen as "the only way of life", the only "the truth." All of those from below are examples of a more' except:

symbolizing Allah

Having a licentious sexual desire for a related person is said to be an example of:

taboos.

According to Mead, in the game stage a child is:

taken in by spontaneous encounter, s/he is able to think about it by referencing it to other observed situations, and uses the most appropriate comparable one thinks would be acceptable by those around.

One of the core concerns Marxists generally have about the "cool hunting" methodology is:

that it promotes consumerism even when it comes at the expense of indebted masses.

The Marxists make a final effort to convince skeptics by presenting data which suggest that the most prosperous, healthy, trusting people, who are also the least criminalistic and wasteful. These are people from countries:

that share the resources most equitably. This is because if the resources are circulated among the populace, they all have a chance of sharing the wealth.

In Mead's model, it is in the play stage, a child imitates family members. This is where:

the child learns and gives meaning to his/her actions. Structured behaviors begin to have meaning.

To make their products more affordable, the capitalist class will outsource their businesses to cheaper labor. By producing products at the cheapest price possible, the owning class hopes to sell them to consumers who have taken pay cuts, are in debt, underemployed or unemployed because of that outsourcing. According to Marx, this will result in:

the collapse of capitalism.