Sociology Midterm

Casual and sometimes spontaneous getting together of groups at parties, parking lots, bars, and other locales is referred to as:

"hanging out."

Identify a true statement about exchange theory.

It argues that a one-sided intimate relationship will probably not last.

Identify a true statement about the avoidant attachment style.

It is the effort to retain control of one's life by maintaining a certain amount of distance from one's partner.

Ted and Betty study in the same college for their undergraduate program. They attend their piano classes together and live in the same neighborhood. They like each other and eventually get married. Which of the following terms most likely explains their marital decision?

Propinquity

Identify a true statement about the anxious/ambivalent infant.

The infant has a mother who is inconsistent in her care.

Identify a true statement about secure lovers.

They are comfortable depending on others and having others depend on them.

In the context of cohabitation, which of the following statements is true of coresidential daters?

They basically dislike living the single life and opt to move in with someone.

Close friends provide singles with a number of benefits. Identify one of these benefits.

They help with difficult decisions. They enhance singles' health. They encourage and support personal growth. All the answers are correct.

Which of the following statements is most likely true of ludic lovers?

They view love as a pleasant pastime but not something in which to get deeply involved.

In American marriages, on average, we generally find the age of men to be:

about two years older than their wives'.

According to Duck (1994) and MacNeil and Byers (2009), the symbolic interactionist point of view stresses that:

an intimate relationship is created and maintained by ongoing communication in which personal meanings such as values and attitudes are constructed and shared.

"Hooking up" most likely includes:

anything from kissing to sexual intercourse between two people who are not committed to each other.

According to the text, men tend to marry women who:

are either at or somewhat below their own educational level.

The communication patterns practiced before marriage:

are good predictors of marital success.

From the ________ perspective, we would expect dating relationships to involve some efforts to enhance one's position in society.

conflict theorists'

Anxious/ambivalent lovers:

desire to "merge completely" with someone else.

The text points out that good communication includes self-disclosure, sharing daily events, conveying respect to the partner, and:

discussing problems.

In the context of the types of lovers, the ________ lover tends to focus on the physical, and particularly the sexual, aspects of relationships.

erotic

Persons who delay marriage until their thirties or forties:

experience a marriage "squeeze." find fewer people like themselves to marry. are more likely to have a heterogamous union. all these answers are correct

PREPARE, an instrument developed by Dr. David Olson and his colleagues, measures factors important in predicting marital satisfaction, including:

family and friends. the sexual relationship. realistic expectations. all of these answers are correct.

A survey of 302 undergraduates found the highest levels of self-disclosure among ________.

feminine and androgynous females

Which of the following is one of the more important qualities that women look for in a mate?

good provider

People who date longer before marriage tend to:

have a rewarding marriage

Margret, a 30-year-old Hispanic woman, is in love with Bo Chang, a 40-year-old Chinese man. They marry despite their cultural and ethnic differences. This is most likely an example of ________.

heterogamy

According to symbolic interactionism, the crucial factor that indicates why women remain in abusive relationships is:

how the victims define their violent situation.

Since the beginning of the twentieth century, age homogamy has been:

increasing

According to the text's discussion, cohabitation:

is often a testing ground for marriage.

Which of the following is included in physical violence that occurs in dating situations?

kicking shoving biting All these answers correct

Compared with married couples, cohabitors tend to be:

less educated. more likely to be unemployed. younger. all of these answers are correct.

Compared to those who do not cohabit, cohabitors tend to be:

less religious.

James and Brooke share intimacy without either passion or decision/commitment. Their relationship is best described as:

liking

The nineteenth-century philosopher John Stuart Mill was so impressed with the problems of finding a suitable mate that he called marriage a:

lottery

In a classic study of ways for responding to deterioration, Rusbult (1987) identified four kinds of responses; ________ is the response of staying with the partner in spite of the problems in relationships.

loyalty

In the context of the types of lovers, the ________ lover combines something of eros and ludus.

manic

Comparing cohabitation with marriage, we can say that:

marriages are more likely to last than are cohabiting relationships. married couples have more and more satisfying sex. there are higher rates of violence among cohabitors. all of these answers are correct

Which of the following is a liability for marital satisfaction?

marrying at a young age

A study of male and female never-marrieds conducted by Cockrum and White (1985) focused on the role of social support and loneliness in life satisfaction. The researchers found that:

men needed a network of individuals to share their interests and values.

Analyses of personal ads that are featured in newspapers show that:

men tend to seek attractive women and offer financial security.

When one does things that require the other person to be present, it is best described as:

mutual dependency.

Which of the following best describes the term "propinquity"?

nearness in place

When people break up, they are likely to find it a ________, even for the person who wants out of the relationship.

painful experience

Which of the following terms is defined as a preoccupation and intense longing for union with a particular other?

passionate love

Peretti and Abplanalp (2004) conducted a study of college students who were dating and asked them to name the kinds of things that comprised the "chemistry" in their relationships. One of the most frequent things named was ________.

physical attractiveness

In the context of the types of lovers, the ________ lover is a combination to some extent of ludus and storge and tries to find a partner who has a particular set of characteristics that he or she desires in another.

pragmatic

Which is the most common type of cohabitation as outlined by Casper and Sayer (2002)?

precursor to marriage

The tendency for persons to marry people located physically near them (same neighborhood, school, workplace, or city) is called:

propinquity.

Don and Betty have started dating recently. They enjoy talking to each other. They feel attracted toward each other and are very comfortable together. In this scenario, which of the following processes described by Ira Reiss is being illustrated by their relationship?

rapport

Over the past few decades, the rate of interracial and interethnic marriage has:

risen considerably.

Which of the following is NOT a function of dating?

role-playing

The number of males per 100 females is referred to as the ________.

sex ratio

You are more likely to have high marital satisfaction if you:

share in such things as decisions and household chores. practice forgiveness in the marriage. both of the above

As ________ theorists point out, one personal task that confronts everyone is to develop their individuality while remaining a part of their families of origin.

systems

In the context of the types of lovers, who among the following acts on behalf of the well-being of the other without demanding or perhaps even expecting any benefits in return?

the agapic lover

Keith Davis has outlined eight qualities in friendship. Which of the following is NOT one of these qualities?

to acknowledge the relationship as being nonsexual

Which of the following is NOT a component in the triangular theory of love?

understanding

There are three kinds of attachment styles with one's mother. Which of the following is NOT one of these styles?

unreceptive

In a classic study of ways for responding to deterioration, Rusbult (1987) identified four kinds of responses; ________ refers to a response of facing up to, and trying to talk through, the problems in relationships.

voice

In the context of self-disclosure, Pagano and Hirsch (2007) conducted a study of 122 white and black adolescents and found differences by both sex and race. It was found that:

white boys had nearly equal levels of self-disclosure in both friendships and romantic relationships.

In 2014, the Census Bureau reported more than ________ Americans aged 18 and older who were unmarried.

105 million

What percentage of unmarried men surveyed believed that they risked losing their personal freedom if they married?

62 percent

According to a small-sample study of university students, which of the following is true about dating protocol?

African Americans are more traditional than whites.

________ is a love that is independent of one's feelings for another.

Agape

Using a small sample of 73 male and 173 female students who had been passionately in love, dated, and then broke up, three researchers (Choo, Levine, and Hatfield) found a number of gender differences. Which of the following was a gender difference found during the research study?

As a coping style, the men were more likely than the women to bury themselves in work or sports.

Identify a true statement about consequences of jealousy based on attachment styles.

Avoidant lovers tend to express anger against and blame the person they feel has intruded into the relationship.

Which of the following statements is true of the comparison between married couples and cohabitors?

Children born to cohabiting parents are five times more likely than those born to married parents to experience parental separation.

________ love has intimacy and commitment but not passion.

Compassionate

Identify one of the findings of the study of older dating couples.

Dating enhances the status, or prestige, of females.

Social psychologists, Ellen Berscheid and Elaine Walster, set forth a two-component theory of love. Identify the basis of this theory.

Differing emotions can produce similar kinds of physical arousal.

________ is love between men and women.

Eros

Ira Reiss (Reiss and Lee 1988) characterized the development of love in terms of four separate but interrelated processes. Identify a true statement about these processes.

Increasing self-disclosure is a characteristic of a developing intimacy. Self-disclosure leads to mutual dependency. Mutual dependency leads to the fulfillment of one's intimacy needs. All these answers are correct

________ is a negative emotional reaction to a real or imagined threat to a love relationship.

Jealousy

Which of the following religious groups has the highest rate of marrying within their religion?

Jews

Which of the following statements is true regarding gender and love?

Men tend to say "I love you" earlier in a relationship than do women. Women report being in love fewer times than do men. Women are less likely than men to believe in love at first sight. All these answers are correct

Which of the following is an advantage of meeting someone on the Internet and then pursuing the relationship further?

People get to know something about each other before being distracted by physical appearance.

________ is the kind of love found in the affection between parents and their children.

Storge