Sociology Midterm
Which research method asks subjects to respond to a series of items in a questionnaire or an interview?
A survey
sociology first appeared as a formal discipline in
France
Which of the following types of society has the most productive specialization?
Industrial
What concept refers to any change in a subject's behavior that is caused by the awareness of being studied?
The Hawthorne effect
The dominant values of US culture include ________
a belief in individuality
Compared to an industrial society, a postindustrial society is based on ____________
an information based economy
Durkheim called the condition in which society provides little moral guidance to individuals
anomie
Sociologists define a symbol as
anything that carries meaning to people who share a culture
making use of the sociological perspective encourages
challenging many commonly held beliefs
"A statement of a possible relationship between two or more variables" is the definition of which concept?
correlation
The concept of __________ refers to a shared way of life, and the term _______ refers to a political entity
culture and nation
That fact that instant messaging is based on a new set of symbols shows us that
culture changes over time
When Weber used the concept "rationality", he had in mind ___________
deliberate, matter of fact calculation of the most efficient way to accomplish any task
Low income countries have cultures that value ____________
economic survival
_____________ are rules about everyday, casual living; ____________ are rules with great moral significance
folkways; mores
Peter Berger describes using the sociological perspective as seeing the _________ in the ___________.
general in the particular
Gerhard Lenski claims that the development of more complex technology __________
has both positive and negative effects
if you were to attend a New York City Ballet performance, you would be experiencing _________
high culture
the first type of society to generate a material surplus was ________
horticultural and pastoral
understanding the differences between countries encourages
increasing our understanding of both of our own lives and the lives of others
what is the term for the value that occurs most often in a series of numbers?
mean
Countries in which average people's income is typical for the world as a whole and in which people are as likely to live in a rural area as in an urban area are categorized as
middle income nations
social problems in the United States, such as poverty and gender inequality, are
more serious in poorer countries
It is difficult to establish all the cause and effect relationships in a social situation because __________
most patterns of behaviors are caused by many factors
Regarding ethical research guidelines, the American Sociological Association states that researchers ______________
must protect the privacy of subjects taking part in a research project
Cultural transmission refers to the process of
passing cultural patterns from one generation to another
The Sapir Whorf thesis states that
people see the world through the cultural lens of their language
C. Wright Mills claimed that the "sociological imagination" transformed __________
personal problems into public issues
In hunting and gathering societies, the ________________
population is small and nomadic
Imagine that you are repeating research done by someone else in order to assess the accuracy of that research. You are doing which of the following?
replication
as the suffering of workers became worse, Marx predicted that they would ________
rise up against the capitalist system
Most of today's sociologists agree with Auguste Comte's claim that
science has an important place in sociology
people who interact in a defined territory and who share a culture are part of what sociologists call a
society
the early sociologists August Comte and Emile Durkheim used the
structural functional approach
According to Gerhard Lenski, which of the following has the greatest power to shape a society
technology
Qualitative research has special appeal to investigators who favor
the symbolic interaction approach
A statement that explains how and why specific facts are related is called a(n)
theory
Two variables are said to display correlation if __________
they vary together
________ refers to measuring exactly what one intends to measure
validity
Standards by which people who share culture define what is desirable, good, and beautiful are called ___________
values