Sociology Module 06 Quiz

developed standardized scripts for employees to use when dealing with customers

According to Robin Leidner in Fast Food, Fast Talk, what have fast food restaurants done in order to rationalize the process of providing food to customers? asked employees to always use customers' first names tailored each work station to an employee's unique personal qualities focused on giving each customer a unique eating experience developed standardized scripts for employees to use when dealing with customers asked employees to customize their attire

Individuals step up and form impromptu mutual-support communities

According to the discussion in the text, what often happens as a result of the loss of bureaucratic systems in the aftermath of disasters such as the 1985 Mexico City earthquake or Hurricane Katrina in New Orleans? Individuals step up and form impromptu mutual-support communities Individuals are so traumatized that they wait passively for support from bureaucratic agencies In the absence of bureaucratic control, individual actions are usually motivated by greed, personal gain, and selfishness Widespread chaos, violence, and looting breaks out People help each other, but not to the extent that they sacrifice their own needs

deal with bureaucracies

Activists sometimes advocate living "off the grid," which, in its simplest form, means living without buying electricity and water from utility companies. However they also admit that living off the grid is harder and harder, as there simply isn't enough affordable land in places where it would be feasible to do so, which means that most of America has to: live in the suburbs live in apartments drive automobiles deal with bureaucracies compensate by paying high utility fees

category

All left-handed people in the United States would be classified as a(n): category crowd aggregate group organization

They help people make the most of both their primary and secondary groups

How have social networking websites affected social groups? They diminish the importance of primary groups, but not secondary groups They reinforce the importance of bureaucracies They make primary groups expand to include many more members than before They minimize the importance of secondary groups, especially those associated with shared interests or education They help people make the most of both their primary and secondary groups

the way secondary group ties can lead to the close personal ties of primary groups

John graduates from college with a degree in business administration and gets a job with a large firm that audits small businesses that have contracts with the city. While working there, he becomes friends with Dave, who invites him to attend a weekly poker game, which becomes a meaningful part of John's social life. Some weeks the game is the only thing he has to look forward to. What does this illustrate? the absolute distinction between primary and secondary groups the goal-oriented nature of primary groups the way secondary groups produce nearly anonymous relationships the way primary groups can lead to membership in secondary groups the way secondary group ties can lead to the close personal ties of primary groups

the growth of online support groups to help people with rare diseases share information and emotional support

Robert Putnam's research can be exemplified by his description in a decline in bowling leagues. Which of the following might serve as evidence that Putnam's concerns are overblown? the increasing number of hours that people tend to spend engaged with electronic media the decline of movie theaters and the subsequent rise of services like Netflix the increasing safety measures designed to make playgrounds less likely to cause injury the sharp spike in the suicide rate in eastern Europe over the last two decades the growth of online support groups to help people with rare diseases share information and emotional support

When people are connected to a social network, what happens in that network is more likely to affect them

Social networks can influence people through contagion. What does that mean? When connection leads to disease or infection, sociologists call it contagion The influence of various social networks is contagious. Networks tend to mimic each other over the long run This borrows from a biological model: if people are weak, they are likely to "catch" the influence of their social network When people are connected to a social network, what happens in that network is more likely to affect them All of these are true

social loafing

The condition that often develops in large groups when tasks are neglected, because it is impossible for any one person to receive credit (or blame), is called: regression toward the mean groupthink social loafing group polarization rationalization

25 percent

What percentage of the subjects in the Asch experiments were "independents" who refused to give the wrong answer? 1 percent 3 percent 25 percent 50 percent 95 percent

peer pressure

When individuals are members of groups, they are influenced by other members. What do sociologists call this? peer pressure internalization commodification rationalization social loafing

reference group

When people attend high school class reunions, they often compare their own personal and professional successes and failures to those of their former classmates. This means that classmates are a(n): reference group secondary group out-group professional group identity group

internalization

When someone joins the Green Party and then starts recycling old plastic bags because she believes it can help save the environment, this is an example of what type of conformity? social networks internalization compliance social atomism individuation

the audience at a Broadway show

Which of the following is NOT a group in the sociological sense? an extended family with members living in three different states the audience at a Broadway show a little league baseball team a bird-watching club the chess club at a high school

They always work toward ethical goals

Which of the following is NOT true of the qualities of charismatic leaders? They rule through formal authority They inspire awe and reverence They embody core values and beliefs They always work toward ethical goals They possess strength of conviction

A worker says, "Sometimes I felt just like a robot. You push a button and you go this way. You become a mechanical nut"

Which of the following is an example of McDonaldization, as George Ritzer used the term? The McLibel support campaign, created to support members of a London environmental group being sued by McDonald's for libel over the contents of a fact sheet they distributed A worker says, "Sometimes I felt just like a robot. You push a button and you go this way. You become a mechanical nut" A small farmer who raises organic free-range chickens says, "Sometimes it's really hard waking up before dawn and working to keep your flocks healthy, but in the end it's very rewarding, both emotionally and financially" An apprentice that makes guitars in a workshop says, "You would never believe the hard work, the discipline, that go into the making of a single guitar, often custom made, for a specific client. It takes hundreds of hours of hard, careful labor, every step deliberated" A guest at a bed-and-breakfast said, "It was marvelous, the innkeepers treated us like family. It was so comfortable and friendly, and charming and romantic"

a leader who encourages and rewards the presentation of alternative opinions

Which of the following is best suited to avoiding groupthink? a leader who encourages and rewards the presentation of alternative opinions a strict meritocracy where only the best and brightest are hired a small staff that communicates with one another a lot and is highly centralized strict control over the flow of information into and out of an organization a strong leader who controls every aspect of the decision-making process

giving names to teams and giving t-shirts to members

Which of the following might help solve, or at least alleviate, the problem of social loafing? assigning more group members to a project giving names to teams and giving t-shirts to members keeping teams smaller than ten members making sure that dissent is welcome and tolerated avoiding strong centralized leadership