Sociology Quiz 10

The words "race" and "ethnicity" are used interchangeably because they mean essentially the same thing. true or false

false

Oscar Lewis was the first to suggest that, because they are excluded from mainstream social life, the poor develop a way of life with fundamentally different values and goals, which make it much less likely that they will ever join the middle class. This way of life is usually called: A. the culture of poverty. B. the invisibility of poverty. C. the social contract. D. residential segregation. E. oppression norms.

a

What are the tastes, habits, and expectations that children "inherit" (or learn) from their parents that help to achieve material success in life called? A. cultural capital B. ideology C. class consciousness D. social welfare E. education

a

What do sociologists call awareness of our own and others' class statuses? A. class consciousness B. ideology C. false consciousness D. cultural capital E. social structure

a

Despite demographic shifts, how can you tell that whites are still the dominant group in California? A. They discriminate against other racial and ethnic groups. B. They remain dominant in terms of power, resources, and representation in social institutions. C. They are overrepresented in prisons. D. They are overrepresented as victims of violent crimes. E. Affirmative action policies are still in place.

b

How do sociologists define ethnicity? A. people who share a common physical characteristic B. people with the same skin color C. a group with a shared ancestry or shared cultural heritage D. the same way they define race E. a genetic predisposition toward certain behaviors, attitudes, or beliefs

c

How is institutional discrimination different from individual discrimination? A. Institutional discrimination involves attitudes or opinions. B. Institutional discrimination can be either positive or negative. C. Institutional discrimination is more systematic and widespread. D. Institutional discrimination is less harmful. E. Institutional discrimination almost never happens today, while individual discrimination is still very common.

c

It is often said that you can always tell a millionaire by her shoes. She may dress like a slob in every other respect, but someone from the upper class is bound to have expensive, custom-made footwear. Whether this is true or not, it helps demonstrate the way that we: A. are constrained by structural elements of society and directed into a preordained class status. B. try to "better ourselves" by increasing the amount of cultural capital that we possess. allow relative levels of prestige to determine our class status. C. make split-second judgments about who people are and what social status they occupy based on their appearances. D. surrender to the impersonal forces of the market.

c

According to Lareau's interpretation of Bourdieu, encouraging poor and working class families to raise their children in ways similar to middle and upper class families would: A. limit the effects of social reproduction. B. lessen inequality in society. C. be impossible since poor and working class families would still have less income, and lack of economic resources is just about the only driving force behind social reproduction. D. potentially benefit individual families, but could not work on a large scale due to middle and upper class efforts at distinction. E. be beneficial as a widespread goal of our society.

d

Although they make very little money, priests, ministers, rabbis, imams, and clergy are often very prestigious members of their communities. Which social theorist first suggested that this is an important element of class status? A. Karl Marx B. Emile Durkheim C. Pierre Bourdieu D. Erving Goffman E. Max Weber

e

How do sociologists define race? A. an inherited set of predispositions B. a group with a shared cultural heritage C. the same way they define ethnicity D. the difference between Mongoloid, Negroid, and Caucasoid people E. a social category based on real or perceived biological differences

e

How is prejudice different from discrimination? A. Prejudice is an action; discrimination is an attitude. B. Prejudices can only be negative; discrimination can be either negative or positive. C. Prejudice only occurs within minority groups, but discrimination can happen anywhere. D. Prejudice requires the negatively affected group to be a minority group, discrimination does not. E. Prejudice is an attitude; discrimination is an action.

e

Culture is a source of shared norms and values, but cultural capital can never help someone get ahead in life in the same way that economic capital can. true or false

false

The fact that there were different racial categories in the past than there are today demonstrates the social construction of race. true or false

true

There is greater genetic diversity within racial populations than between them. true or false

true