sociology quiz 3 (chapter 5)
Which of these statements about social structure is false? - Social structure gives us the ability to interpret the social situations we encounter. - a predictable social structure makes it easier to develop one's self-concept. - social structure creates stability within society - social structure creates relationships that are generally equal
- social structure creates relationships that are generally equal
Sociologist Hellen Ebaugh concluded that role exit occurs in four stages, the second of which is _______________, in which people may step away from their existing roles
a search for alternatives
A(n) ___________ status is a social position a person assumes voluntarily as a result of person choice, merit, or direct effort.
achieved
A(n) ____________- status in a social position conferred at birth or receibed involuntarily later in life, based on attributes over which the individual has little or no control, such as race/ethnicity, age, and gender.
achieved
______________ theorists maintain that in capitalistic societies, where a few people control the labor of many, the social structure reflects a system of relationships of domination and subordination.
conflict
According to both Durkeim and Tonnies, social solidarity is impossible within industrialized societies.
false
Pastoral societies are based on technology that supports the cultivation of plants to provide food
false
Role conflict and role strain are essentially the same thing
false
Social networks function equally well for members of all social classes
false
The social structure is essential for a society, but it is not an essential part of any particular individual's life
false
________________ theorists emphasize that social structure is essential because it creates order and predictability in a society
functionalist
All of these statements about social structure are true:
it is essential for: the survival of society, connects individuals to the larger society, it provides a web of familial support and social relationships
Media stories that focus on the lack of education or work history among the homeless and not on structural factors such as economic recession or the lack of affordable housing fail to account for the _______________ of the situation
macro view
At the ______________, the social structure of a society has several elements: social statuses, roles and norms.
macrolevel
Jane defines herself first and foremost as a student. For Jane, being a student is considered her _________ status
master
______________, includue our family, close friends, and school or work related peer groups.
primary groups
A _______________ is a set of behavioral expectations associated with a given status.
role
It is not always clear when the provider-dependent aspect of the part-child relationship ends. Should it end at age 18 or 21? When a person is no longer in school? This is an example of ________________.
role ambiguity
_____________ refers to the conscious fostering of the impression of a lack of commitment or attachment to a particular role, it is clear one merely goes through the motions of role performance.
role distancing
For any particular status, _______________ refers to how a person actually behaves within her role.
role performance
Sociologists define a(n) ______________ as a larger, more specialized group in which members engage in more impersonal, goal-oriented relationships for a limited period of time.
secondary group
The sociological term for the process by which people act toward and respond to other people, and which is considered the foundation for all relationships and groups in society, is
social interaction
__________________ refers to the state of being part insider and part outsider in the social structure, such as that of immigrants who simultaneously share the life and traditions of two distinct groups.
social marginality
_______________, or cohesion, refers to a group's ability to maintain itself in the face of obstacles. It exists when social bonds, attractions, or other forces hold members of a group in interaction over a period of time.
social solidarity
A ________________ is a socially defined position in a group or society characterized by certain expectations, rights, and duties, and it exists independently of the specific people occupying the position.
status
Amber is a firsrt grade teacher, a daughter, a wife, a mother, a presbyterian, a soccer coach, and a Kansas resident. Taken together, all of these socially defined position constitute her ___________.
status set
Wearing a wedding ring proclaims that a person is married, owning a rolls-royce announces that one has "made it" and pushing a shopping cart is an indicator that one is homeless. These are examples of __________
status symbols
Being homeless, having immigrant status, wearing a prison uniform, and having a visible physical disability are all examples of ______________.
stigmas
Which of these is not considered to be a social institution? - science - family - economy - travel
travel
A status set comprises all the statuses that a person occupies at a given time
true
Boys are touched more roughly and playfully than girls, who are handled more gently and protectively
true
Exiting a role is more difficult for some roles than for others
true
Our roles are defined in the context of roles performed by others
true
Seconday groups are more specialized than primary ones
true
Social encounters and social interaction have different meaning for people based on their status and previous experience
true
Social structure creates stability and order in a society, but also creates boundaries and establishes unequal relations between groups of people
true
The need for personal space appears to decrease as one ages.
true
The same status symbol may convey different meaning depending upon the status of the person who has it.
true
Within industrial and postindustrial societies, a person's occupation is a key defining characteristic.
true
Social structure consists of all of these, except __________.
values
