sociology study guide ch 6

Deviance

Behavior that violates the standards of conduct or expectations of a group or society

stigma

Describes any physical or social attribute that devalues a person or group's identity, which may exclude people who are devalued from normal social interaction

4 types of criminal justice systems

Deterrence: preventing crime with the threat of harsh penalties Retribution: retaliating or taking revenge for a crime that has been committed Incapacitation: removing criminals from society by imprisoning them Rehabilitation: reforming criminals so that they may reenter society

labeling theory

States that deviance is caused by external judgments (labels) that change a person's self-concept and the way in which others respond to that person.

social control theory

a theory of delinquency that links deviance with the absence of bonds to society's main institutions

crime

the violation of a norm that has been codified into law

Merton's typology of deviance

conformists, innovators, ritualists, retreatists, rebels

differential association theory

states that we learn to be deviant through our associations with deviant peers