Sociology Unit 3 Test
status set
all of the statuses that a person occupies at any particular time
role
an expected behavior associated with a particular status
rights
behaviors that individuals expect from others
self concept
charles horton clooney; the image you have of yourself as having an identity separate from other people
role conflict
condition in which the performance of a role in one status interferes with the performance of a role in another status
role strain
condition in which the roles of a single status are inconsistent or conflicting
postindustrial societies
economic emphasis is on providing services and information rather than on producing goods through basic manufacturing, majority of labor force are employed in services, technical knowledge is key, technology change is planned and assessed
pastoral
food is obtained primarily by raising and taking care of animals, migration still needed but with some permanent villages, male dominated
Ferdinand Tonnies
gemeinschaft (community) and Gesellschaft (society)
reference group
group whose norms and values are used to guide behavior; group with who you identify
d
in postindustrial societies a. social unity is achieved through a consensus of beliefs and values b. people have complex specialized statuses that make them interdependent c. there are stronger pressures to conform than in other societies d. technological change is assessed before it is introduced
Gesellschaft
industrial society; weak family, competition and less personal social relationships
generalized other
integrated conception of the norms, values, and beliefs of one's community or society
Social solidarity
is the degree to which a society is unified or can hold itself together in the face of obstacles
mass media
means of communication designed to reach the general population
industrial society
one that is dependent upon science and technology to produce its basic goods and services, loss of simplicity and gain of scientific knowledge, urbanization, families function differently
total institutions
places in which people are separated from the rest of society and controlled by officials in charge
peer group
set of individuals of roughly the same age and interests
gemeinschaft
society based on tradition, kinship, and intimate social relationships
horticultural
solves the subsistence problem primarily through the growing of plants, more permanent settlements, multi-community societies, more complex division of labor
functionalism
stresses the ways in which groups work together to create a stable society
agricultural
subsists by growing food, but with the use of plows and animals, more food per unit of land due to the plow, cities built
hunting gathering society
survives by hunting animals and gathering edible foods, nomadic, small population, no social class, family is the only institution
role performance
the actual behavior of an individual in a role
c
the first step when a convict enters most prisons in the U.S is ______, in which the person is issued standard clothing, given a haircut, and deprived of privacy. a. resocialization b. imitation c. desocialization d. imitation
hidden curriculum
the informal and unofficial aspects of culture that children are taught in schools
c
the members of an industrial society are heavily dependent on one another a. family ties are more important than in preindustrial jobs b. computer knowledge is essential in the workplace c. people have more specialized skills and, therefore, need others to meet many of their needs d. personal social relationships are more important than they are in preindustrial societies
"me"
the part of the self formed through socialization
"I"
the part of the self that accounts for unlearned, spontaneous acts
Resocialization
the process of adopting new norms, values, attitudes, and behaviors
desocialization
the process of giving up old norms, values, attitudes, and behaviors
social interaction
the process of influencing each other as people relate
social structures
the underlying patterns of relationships in a group
anticipatory socialization
the voluntary process of preparing to accept new norms, values, attitudes, and behaviors
significant others
those people who's reactions are most important to your self-concept
conflict perspective
views socialization as a way of perpetuating the status quo
a
when a preschooler plays "going camping" with a group of three other children, each child taking a designated role, she is in the _________ stage a. game b. self concept c. imitation d. generalized other
a
which of the following is an example of an achieved status a. being a teacher b. being a male c. being a son d. being born in chicago
a
which of the following is an example of an ascribed status a. being a grandchild b. being a college graduate c. being the mayor of a town d. being a united states citizen
d
which of the following is an example of the hidden curriculum in grade school? a. reading b. learning multiplication and division c. learning about the different cultures of the world d. learning to stand quietly in the lunch line
c
which of the following stages is a two-year-old exhibiting when he mimics his mothers behaviorby lecturing the dog for tracking mud into the house? a. game stage b. self concept stage c. imitation stage d. generalized other stage
d
Ferdinand Tonnies used the terms gemeinschaft and gesellschaft to distinguish between the social relationships in ________ societies a. industrial and postindustrial b. pastoral and hunting c. horticultural and agriculture d. preindustrial and industrial
imitation stage
Mead's first stage in the development of role taking; children begin to imitate behaviors without understanding why
play stage
Mead's second stage in the development of role taking; children act in ways they imagine other people would
game stage
Mead's third stage in the development of role taking; children anticipate the actions of others based on social rules
Emile Durkheim
Social solidarity
t
T/F a generalized other emerges when an individual has integrated the norms, values, and beliefs of his or her community
f
T/F a group that an individual uses to evaluate himself and from which values, beliefs, and norms are taken is called a total institution
t
T/F a person's peer group contains others of roughly the same age and having similar interests
t
T/F a status is a position a person occupies in a social structure
f
T/F all ascribed statuses are also master statuses
t
T/F conflict perspective theory says that socialization of children is useful in maintaining the status quo
f
T/F during the imitation stage, preschoolers take on the roles of others around them, one role at a time
t
T/F if a math teacher's opinion of a student is important to that student, the teacher is a significant other
f
T/F in a reference group, such as a prison or mental hospital, people are separated from the rest of society and are not allowed to manage their own lives.
f
T/F in the resocialization stage, young children mimic the behavior of others around them
t
T/F one reason that surgeons avoid operating on members of their own families is to avoid role conflict
f
T/F pastoral societies make heavy use of mechanization
f
T/F peer groups are usually a bad influence on children, leading them to engage in antisocial behavior
f
T/F personality teaches children to participate in group life
f
T/F socialization begins at birth and ends at about age twelve
t
T/F the U.S. is considered to be a postindustrial society
t
T/F those people whose judgements are important to you, such as friends, teachers, and relatives, are significant others
t
T/F when a child watches how her parents are evaluating her behavior during her first visit to a nice restaurant, and she then adjusts her behavior accordingly, she is using the looking-glass self
f
T/F when an institution takes away the personal belongings and privacy of an individual and treats her as a "number", they are referencing the person
t
T/F when children are able to engage in role taking that involves several participants, they are at the game stage
t
T/F when role taking, we have internal conversations with ourselves in which we imagine how other people view us
f
T/F your "I" is the image you have of yourself that is separate from other people around you
t
T/F your self concept that is based on how you think others judge you is your looking glass self
obligations
a behavior that individuals are expected to perform toward others
status
a position a person occupies within a social structure
achieved status
a position that is earned or chosen
ascribed status
a position that is neither earned nor chosen but assigned
master status
a position that strongly affects most other aspects of a person's life
looking glass self
a self concept based on our idea of others judgments of us
postindustrial society
a society in which technology is very important
