Sociology

What are Barlow's two Competing Paradigms or Narratives?

1. Heads of the states, powerful decision making cliques, TNCs -Believe that water should be privately owned and sold on the open market. 2. Small farmers, poor community, indigenous people, women, etc -Believe that water is common that every human and species has the right to

What are two of Barlow's solutions to the water crisis?

1. Make water a commons -No one owns water -No one has the right to appropriate water for a profit while others are denied it 2. Adopt an Earth Democracy -System that puts people and nature above commerce and profit.

3 most familiar global environmental threats

1. Pollution 2. Waste 3. Depletion of resources

Name 3 "uses" of global poverty.

1. Provide cheap raw resources. 2. Ensures affordable goods for the Western consumers. 3. Provide dumping grounds for illegal, dangerous, or toxic products.

3 mechanism contribute to unequal status of formerly colonized countries.

1. Set up indigenous elite 2. Kill domestic economy 3. Lending money

Who is most impacted by imprisonment?

1. The poor 2. The colors and minorities 3. Males

"They said it was going to bring a lot of jobs for Delano but in reality it hasn't done anything they said it would to benefit Delano."

A Prison in the Fields

What do sociologists mean by civil disability/abandonment?

A civil disability is referring to a secondary punishment other than imprisonment that prisoners face when they are convicted. These civil disabilities include the inability to vote, serve on jury duty, hold public office, hold certain jobs, live in certain neighborhoods, and have access to the law. Abandonment is when a state puts a surplus of money into the prison system and thus neglects the funding of other institutions promoting human development.

"The question of whether the prison has become an obsolete institution has become especially urgent in light of the fact that more than two million people...now inhabit US prisons, jails, youth facilities, and immigrant detention centers"

Angela Davis "Are Prisons Obsolete?"

"Inspections, interrogations, suspicions, and searches, there's a kind of freedom in being forced to place yourself in the hands of people who hate you, have them hold you up to the light, scan you, scrutinize you."

Bandele "The Prisoner's Wife"

"This is the love story I had always known, like no love story I could ever have imagined"

Bandele "The Prisoner's Wife"

"From Karl Marx to Max Weber, classical social theory believed that the great cities of the future would follow in the industrializing footsteps of Manchester...and Chicago -and indeed Los Angeles, San Paulo...and today...Guanzhou have roughly approximated this...trajectory. Most cities of the South, however, more closely resemble Victorian Dublin...because its slums were not a product of the industrial revolution."

Davis "The Planet of the Slums"

"There are probably more than 200,000 slums on earth, ranging in population from a few hundred to more than a million people"

Davis "The Planet of the Slums"

Davis' Argument about Growth of Urbanization and Cities of Future

Davis argues the growth of urbanization is caused not by the availability of jobs and industrialization, but instead in driven by global inequality and poverty. He states that the countryside has reached its max and will begin to shrink in 2020. He says that the city will account for virtually all of population growth and will peak at 10 million in 2050.

Where is urban growth concentrated?

Developing Third World

"The notion that the poverty of billions who live in economically marginal states is globally "useful" would be absurd. But it is not absurd to ask how the existence of a class of poor states serves wealthy states"

Eglitis "The Uses of Global Poverty: How Economic Inequality Benefits the West"

A "Million Dollar Block" is a high-income area where household incomes average at least $1 million.

FALSE

According to Edward Goldsmith, colonialism finally ended with the era of economic development.

FALSE

In general, research shows that rural towns benefit economically and socially when prisons are built there.

FALSE

In the United States, the rates of imprisonment are relatively proportionate among social groups.

FALSE

The criminal justice system reflects the objective reality of crime.

FALSE

The idea of a right to water is based on the right to buy and sell goods for profit in a market economy.

FALSE

The prison industrial complex refers to the modern prison's architectural design

FALSE

The residents of Delano, CA were successful in their efforts to prevent the building of "Delano II"

FALSE

Urbanization occurs today because people are drawn to cities for the economic opportunities industrialization provided.

FALSE

Urbanization today is primarily driven as it was in the 19th century, by industrialization.

FALSE

Wealthy countries do not benefit from global poverty.

FALSE

Privatization transfer or re-distributes private goods and services to public control.

FALSE.

"For many decades, the government has ignored the slums. The government has never thought of improving the lives of the people living in the slums, in the hills. The slums have been stagnant, paralyzed. It's as if the spiral cord of the Favela has always been broken."

Favela Rising

"But is is at night that the prison seems to take on a life of its own. At night, the proximity of the town to the prison is most evident because of the lights."

Fraser "An American Seduction: A Portrait of a Prison Town"

Define Global Inequality

Global Inequality is the systematic differences in power and wealth within and between countries.

"A quick look at the situation in the Third World today undoubtedly reveals the disquieting continuity between the colonial era and the era of development."

Goldsmith "Development as Colonialism"

"Housing is a verb"

Housing is an economic and social puzzle for the urban poor to solve. The urban poor does this through hand-me-down housing, squatter settlements, renting, refugee camps, garbage slums, and pirate subdivisions.

Alter-Globalization Movement? Believes?

It is against global inequality. They arose against global financial institutions and the imposition of their structural adjustment and free trade policies. They believe "Another World is Possible"

The idea of a right to water is based on the right to...

LIFE

"Hope is something else altogether. Hope is an act, hope is in action. Hope is not something we find, hope is something we become."

Lappe "Hope Dies Last"

Privatization

Moving something from the public sector and having it be taken over by a private sector or company.

Main Features of an Environmental Justice Framework

Principal that all people have the right to their environment. It pursues spending resources where they are needed the greatest. It measures equity in a three-fold (geographic, procedural, and social). Also, it adopts a public health model and shifts the burden of proof to the polluters who do the harm.

What does the term prison industrial complex refer to?

Prisons are major forces in social reproduction and economic development. It is a set of bureaucratic, political, and economic interests that promote the increasing spending on prisoners no matter if it is needed or not.

What are two examples of how prisoners do not lead to revitalization and redevelopment of rural areas?

Prisons take away land from rural areas in order to built the prison buildings. In affect, this leads to many people loosing their jobs who once were working on these fields and in these farms. We see both of these disadvantages occur in "A Prison in the Fields" where Delano's economic and social lives were affected by the building of the two prisons.

What is Jeffery Reiman's definition of crime?

Reiman believes that crime is socially created and that it is NOT a simple objective threat. He states that it is, "the reality that takes shape is filtered through a series of human decisions" (distorted mirror).

"Their faces rarely appear in the criminal justice mirror, although the danger they pose is at least as great and often greater than that of those who do."

Reiman, "The Rich get Richer and the Poor Go To Prison"

What is Angela Davis's Thesis

Shes believes that prisons have become obsolete. She discussed the rapid, socially disproportionate growth in people being imprisoned and how it is not helping them get back to normal society. As well, she points out that prisons are not doing very much for human development as it is supposed to and are instead causing more trouble in the prisons.

An organizing principle of the alter-globalization movement is "another world is possible"

TRUE

Colonialism is a form of imperialism in which one country takes over another and sets themselves up as the rulers.

TRUE

In Bolivia, the community of Cochabamba successfully regained public control over the municipal water supply.

TRUE

Million dollar blocks are neighborhood blocks where the concentration of people sent to prison is so dense states spend in excess of a million dollars to reinvest in the abandoned social infrastructure.

TRUE

The conditions called structural adjustments imposed by the World Bank and the IMF are examples of "trap economics"

TRUE

The environmental justice movement argues that racism and inequality are environmental hazards.

TRUE

The world's supply of energy sources and raw materials is limited but demand continues to grow.

TRUE

Today, urban growth is concentrated in the developing world.

TRUE

Water Wars are traditional wars and also paradigm: wars over how we perceive and experience water.

TRUE

"OCCUPY, RESIST, PRODUCE!"

The Take

What are million dollar blocks?

They are areas or neighborhoods where the concentration of prisoners is so dense that the state must spend in access 1 million dollars per year to prison the prisoners that live in the block.

Water Wars

They are paradigm and tradition wars that are based on the simple fact that we are running out of fresh water. They are based on how you perceive and experience water. It is the debate between water as a commons that everyone has the right to or water as a commodity to be privately owned and solid on the market.

Relationship between colonialism and development

They have a different name yet they share the same goal to take over land, obtain cheap labor and resources, and monopolize markets.

Definition of slum/megaslum

Today it is characterized by overcrowding, informal and poor housing, inadequate supply of fresh water, sanitation, and an insecurity of the tenure. A megaslum is created when shanty towns and squatter settlements merge together to form a continuous belt of informal and poor housing.

Examples of Trap Economics

World Bank and IMF

What is globalization? How is economic globalization different?

international flow of ideas including global media, environmental movements, sharing cultures, and civil society. Economic globalization is the creation of an integrated global economy that is organized around "One world market".

What is the "right to the city"?

the equitable sharing of the city and the culturally rich and diversified collective space amongst the inhabitants. It is a model for urban life based on the principles of freedom, dignity, equity, and social justice.