socrative chpt. 23

The partial pressure of oxygen in the interstitial space of peripheral tissues is approximately

40 mm Hg.

What is hypercapnia? How does it affect respiration? What are common causes?

Hypercapnia refers to a condition of elevated partial pressure of carbon dioxide. This rise is detected by chemoreceptors in the aortic and carotid bodies and powerfully stimulates ventilation through effects on pontine nuclei. Hypercapnia results from increased production as during exercise or reduced elimination as in reduced alveolar ventilation.

Which of the following statements about the chloride shift is false?

It causes RBCs to swell.

A unique feature of the left lung is the

cardiac notch.

the term ________ describes the result from an injury that permits air to leak into the intrapleural space.

pneumothorax

The nasal cavity is separated from the oral cavity by the

hard palate.

The physical movement of air into and out of lungs is termed

pulmonary ventilation.

During exercise, which of the following contract for active exhalation?

rectus abdominis and internal intercostal muscles

What are the primary functions of the respiratory system?

(1) Provide an extensive area for gas exchange between inhaled air and the circulation; (2) move air to and from the exchange surfaces of the lungs; (3) protect the respiratory surfaces from dehydration, temperature changes, and other environmental variations and defend the respiratory system and other tissues from invasion by pathogens; (4) produce sounds involved in speaking, singing, or nonverbal auditory communication; (5) direct incoming air to the olfactory epithelium in support of olfaction; (6) indirectly contribute to regulation of blood volume, blood pressure, and pH.

What is the relationship between the pressures at label "8"?

P outside < P inside

The ligament bridging the larynx with the trachea is the ________ ligament.

cricotracheal

The elastic cartilage that covers the opening to the larynx during swallowing is the

epiglottis

Alveolar ventilation refers to the

movement of air into and out of the alveoli.

The auditory tubes open into the

nasopharynx.

The ________ is lined by stratified squamous epithelium.

oropharynx