Solids, Liquids, and Gases - chapter 14

What is the melting point of a substance? Provide an example.

The point at which one particle of that substance will melt.

Compare thermal energy to temperature.

Thermal energy is the part of the total potential energy and kinetic energy of an object or sample of matter that results in the system temperature. Temperature is heat.

What is thermal expansion and provide an example.

Thermal expansion is the tendency of matter to change in volume in response to a change in temperature. When a substance is heated, its particles begin moving more and thus usually maintain a greater average separation.

How would you describe an amorphous solid?

An amorphous solid is a solid in which there is no long-range order of the positions of the atoms.

Dry ice sublimates. What is sublimation?

Change from a solid to a gas without going into the liquid form.

Compare evaporation and boiling. Provide an example.

Evaporation is when a liquid turns into a gas. Boiling is when a liquid reaches it evaporation point.

What is heat of fusion?

Heat fusion is a welding process used to join two different pieces of a thermoplastic.

Draw the heating curve of water - be able to describe why the melting and freezing occur at 0 degrees Celsius.

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What is the kinetic theory? What are its four assumptions?

1. Gas molecules are separated by distances far greater that their own dimensions. 2. Gas molecules are in constant motion in random directions 3. Gas molecules exert nither attractive nor repulsive forces upon each other 4. The average kinetic energy is proportional to the temperature of gas molecules in kelvin.

Describe the special properties and behavior of water when it freezes.

It turns in to a solid state.

Describe liquid crystals and provide some examples.

Liquid crystals (LCs) are matter in a state that has properties between those of conventional liquid and those of solid crystal.

Describe the plasma state.

Plasma is one of the four fundamental states of matter. It comprises the major component of the Sun. Heating a gas may ionize its molecules or atoms, thus turning it into a plasma, which contains charged particles.

Compare the particle behavior or movement of solids, liquids, gasses, and plasma.

Solid slow close together. Liquid faster free moving. Gasses far apart very fast. Plasma even more than gas

What is heat of vaporization? provide an example

The enthalpy of vaporization, also known as the heat of vaporization or heat of evaporation, is the energy required to transform a given quantity of a substance from a liquid into a gas at a given pressure.

Compare vaporization and condensation. Provide an example.

Vaporization is when a particle turns into a gas. Condensation is when a particle turns into a liquid.

What is the boiling point of a liquid?

the temperature at which its vapor pressure is equal to the pressure of the gas above it.