Somatosensory Nervous System (touch, pain, temperature)
The synapse
Lateral inhibition occurs in this place in relation to the neuron
Frequency
When a receptor potential is fired, a larger stimulus increases this instead of the amplitude
Modality
A term that means stimulus type
The Center of the field
Responses of a sensory cell to a stimulus are larger in this part of the field compared to the edge of the field
Central Nervous System
Sensations and perception (types of conscious information) occur after this modifies or processes the sensory information
ischemia, imflammation
The Acid-sensing ion channels (ASICs) detect this kind of information/stimulus
Heat
The Capsaicin receptor or TRPV1 dectects this kind of information for free nerve endings
Damage, inflammation, ischemia
The P2X (ATP) receptors detect this kind of stimulus/information
Spinal cord
The pain and temperature anterolateral pathway crosses this and ends up on the contralateral side of the brain
Sensory Transduction
The process by which a stimulus such as a photon of light or a mechanical stretch of tissue is transformed into an electrical response is known as this
Dorsal Roots
The regions of gray matter projecting toward the back of the body within the spinal cord
Brainstem
The touch, pressure, and position dorsal column pathway does not cross at the spinal cord but instead crosses here and ends of on the contralateral side of the brain
Touch and smell
The type of information that is mediated by long receptors
Nociceptors
These are general receptors are a general category of detectors that sense pain due to actual or potential tissue damage.
touch, pressure, pain, temperature, body position (proprioception)
These are the five somatosensory modalities
Meissner's and Merkle's corpuscles
These two of touch receptors detects touch and pressure
Short Receptors
These types of receptors send information to another the afferent neuron before the information reaches the CNS. This receptor does not have an axon usually expresses Ca2+ channels and not Na+ channels.
Long Receptors
These types of somatosensory receptors carry the information directly to the CNS. They tend to have a long axon which is myelinated and tends to express Na+ v-gated channels that help the action potential propagate.
Thermoreceptors
This class of receptors detect sensations of cold or warmth
Mechanoreceptors
This class of receptors responds to mechanical stimuli such as pressure or stretch and are responsible for sensory info like touch, blood pressure, and muscle tension
Adaptation
This is a decrease in receptor sensitivity which results in a decrease in action potential frequency in an afferent neuron despite the continuous presence of a stimulus
Receptive Field
This is the receptive space that is detected the receptor cell
Post central gyrus
This part of the brain processes somatosensory information
Lateral Inhibition
This phenomenon helps sharpen the stimulus by strongly inhibiting information from afferent neurons whose receptors are at the edge of a stimulus making it so the main focus is at the center.
Receptor Potential
This type of graded potential occurs in a long receptor and when when the stimulus increases the frequency increases
Free nerve endings
This type of touch receptor detects mainly pain but also touch, temperature and touch
Vision, sound, taste
the type of information that is mediated by short receptors