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A balancing authority has a normal load of around 8500 MW and its most severe single contingency is a 700 MW coal-fired steam unit. At 0810 the ACE value was at -55 MW when a 600MW generator trips off-line as the result of a generator differential. This resulted in a large negative ACE for the Balancing Authority. What value must the ACE return to and in what time frame to avoid a DCS violation? a. -55mw ace in 15 minutes b. -55mw ace in 10 minutes c. zero ace in 15 minutes d. zero ace in 10 minutes
a. -55mw ace in 15 minutes
At the end of the business day, two adjacent Balancing Authorities must agree with which of the below actual operating values with regard to inadvertent interchange? 1. the hourly integrated values of net interchange schedule 2. the hourly values of each interchange transaction 3. the hourly integrated megawatt values of individual interconnecting tie lines 4. the hourly integrated values of Net Actual Interchange a. 1 & 4 b. 2 & 4 c. 2 & 3 d. 1,2,3, &4
a. 1 & 4
Which of the following Transmission lines would be the best choice to energize a generating facility during system restoration? a. 10 mile, overhead TX line b. 10 miles, underground TX line c. 25 mile, overhead TX line d. 25 mile, underground TX line
a. 10 mile, overhead TX line
The load on a power transformer is 40MW and 30MVAR. What is the transformer's MVA load and what is the Power Factor? a. 50mva, 0.80PF b. 70mva, 0.57PF c. 10mva, 0.80PF d. 50mva, 0.90PF
a. 50mva, 0.80PF
if a balancing authority, reserve sharing group, or load serving entity foresees or is experiencing conditions where all available resources are committed to meet firm load, firm transactions, and reserve commitments, they need to request the RC issue an a. Energy Emergency Alert Level 1 b. Energy Emergency Alert Level 2 c. Energy Emergency Alert Level 3 d. energy emergency warning
a. Energy Emergency Alert Level 1
The primary cause of Low Voltage is: a. VAR losses associated with heavy power transfers b. Insufficient generation c. Insufficient transmission capacity d. Insufficient shunt reactors in service
a. VAR losses associated with heavy power transfers
Governor droop is used to: a. arrest frequency variations b. restore frequency to normal c. represent energy lost in generation d. maintain voltage
a. arrest frequency variations
You experience a full system shutdown and are in the process of restoring load and you are concerned about re-collapsing the system. Which is the best approach in the restoration process that will help ensure your system will be restored successfully? a. avoid energizing loads in excess of 5% of the generation already connected to the system b. maintain frequency between 59.50Hz and 60.51Hz c. if the system has stabilized at below 60Hz, shed 15%-20% of the load to raise the frequency d. operating reserves should be maintained to cover the largest generator currently in service
a. avoid energizing loads in excess of 5% of the generation already connected to the system
If the Balancing Authority selling power to an end user enters the wrong schedule for the upcoming hour, which part of the ACE equation will cause inadvertent interchange to occur as the result of the incorrect schedule? a. both the interchange and frequency portions will contribute (nia-nis)-10B(fa-fs) b. only the interchange portion (nia-nis) c. only the frequency portion (fa-fs) d. neither the interchange or frequency portions will contribute to inadvertent
a. both the interchange and frequency portions will contribute (nia-nis)-10B(fa-fs)
Protective relay such as Transmission Line relays and Transformer Differential relays have current flowing to them that is proportional to the current that is in the primary circuit. In most cases, what is used to transform the current from the primary circuit to a smaller proportional amount that flows to the protective relay? a. current transformers b. series capacitors c. vacuum interrupters d. positive sequence instruments
a. current transformers
Voltage reduction for load relief should be made on the a. distribution system b. transmission system c. tie-line with other balancing authority areas d. entire interconnection simultaneously
a. distribution system
the maximum and minimum voltage, current, frequency, real and reactive power flows on individual equipment under steady state, short-circuit and transient conditions, as permitted by the equipment owner is... a. equipment rating b. the point of collapse c. always constant d. a fault
a. equipment rating
Which control system on the generators would respond to a drop in system frequency resulting from the loss of generation? a. generator governor control systems b. differential relay systems c. special protection systems d. automatic voltage regulators
a. generator governor control systems
If a transmission operator or balancing authority is unable to restore real and reactive power balance and corrective action or emergency assistance is not adequate, they shall: a. implement manual load shedding b. direct the RC to provide assistance c. reduce voltage on the transmission system d. reduce voltage on the distribution system
a. implement manual load shedding
A major transmission system disturbance results in a large loss of load, which most likely results in: a. inertia of the generation connected to the system will increase the speed of the rotation of the units with results in an increase in system frequency. b. inertia of the generation connected to the system will decrease the speed of the rotation of the units with results in an increase in system voltage. c. inertia of the generation connected to the system will decrease the speed of the rotation of the units with results in a decrease in system voltage. d. inertia of the generation connected to the system will decrease the speed of the rotation of the units with results in a decrease in system frequency.
a. inertia of the generation connected to the system will increase the speed of the rotation of the units with results in an increase in system frequency.
A transmission line is overloaded by 25% above it's System Operating Limit. A parallel line is out for routine maintenance and can be placed in service within 10 minutes. What is the first step the Operator should take to reduce the line loading? a. initiate the restoration of the parallel line b. open the overloaded line c. re-dispatch generation d. shed load at the downstream bus
a. initiate the restoration of the parallel line
A Transmission Operator is implementing their system restoration plan after a major system disturbance. They are ready to energize a blacked out area, the system operator must a. isolate the load b. increase blackstart generator to maximum output c. turn all voltage regulators to the manual position d. close any capacitor banks which are open
a. isolate the load
A portion of a Reliability Coordinator Area is experiencing low voltage, what directives should the RC give? a. lower transfers across area and increase generation b. lower transfers across area and decrease generation c. increase transfers across area and decrease generation d. increase transfers across area and increase generation
a. lower transfers across area and increase generation
During a lightning storm, a fault on a transmission line results in the transmission relay operating and locking-out. The transmission line cannot be returned to service. After running a contingency analysis, the Transmission Operator realizes that if another transmission line relays, there could be cascading outages into a neighboring system. Which of the following actions is appropriate for the Transmission Operator? a. notify other in the interconnection of the situation via and Interconnection-wide telecommunications system. b. prepare a disturbance report and forward it to the Reliability Coordinator c. continue operations without notifying anyone, but try to reduce system loading. d. reduce transmission voltages by 5% to reduce customer demand
a. notify other in the interconnection of the situation via and Interconnection-wide telecommunications system.
A BA area has a peak load forecast of 5,000MW for today's peak at 14:30. The Interchange Schedule is 1,000MWs of imports for HE 04:00 through HE 22:00. The total generation on line is 7,000MWs. The largest single generator in the area is an 800MW coal unit. At 12:15 a thunder storm trips 2,000MWs of generation with a minimum restoration time of 3 hours. The same storm causes the exporting BA to instantly cut the schedule to Zero. This BA is NOT part of a Reserve Sharing group. What action must this BA take? a. notify the RC that this BA is in an EEA Level 2; start all available generation; schedule interchange purchases; prepare to reduce firm load b. notify the RC that this BA is in an EEA level 1; notify all power plants to be on alert; purchase emergency power c. notify the RC that this BA is in EEA Level 3; notify transmission operator and all load serving entities that load shed is eminent d. notify the RC that this BA is contacting TOP's and LSE's to shed 200MW of load.
a. notify the RC that this BA is in an EEA Level 2; start all available generation; schedule interchange purchases; prepare to reduce firm load
if a balancing authority is unable to offset the scheduled frequency FS by 0.02Hz, what adjustment can the BA make to participate in time error corrections? a. offset its Net Interchange Schedule in MW by an amount equal to the computed bias contribution during a 0.02 Hz frequency deviation b. change the B(freq bias) setting of the ACE equation c. changing the governor speed droop from 5% to 4% d. change the AGC mode.
a. offset its Net Interchange Schedule in MW by an amount equal to the computed bias contribution during a 0.02 Hz frequency deviation
in a power system which type of power is an indication of voltage problems and is especially critical to support heavily loaded transmission lines and to have dynamic reserves in preparation for a contingency? a. reactive power b. real power c. power flow d. the largest value of power
a. reactive power
Which of the following would you expect to experience during a geo-magnetic disturbance? a. significant low frequency induced currents enter the system through the grounded transformer neutrals, causing system overloads and harmful system wide harmonics b. system frequency declines below an acceptable operating level, and generator governors are required to take action to arrest the frequency decline. c. system voltages increase beyond safe operating levels. Requiring the operator to take action to absorb VARs from the system or decrease voltage schedules. d. Significant high frequency induced currents enter the system through the grounded transformer neutrals, causing system overload and harmful system wide harmonics
a. significant low frequency induced currents enter the system through the grounded transformer neutrals, causing system overloads and harmful system wide harmonics
When two identical a/c generating units are operated in parallel on governor control, and one machine has a 5% droop and the other has a 10% droop, the unit with the greater governor droop will... a. tend to take the lesser portion of load changes b. tend to take the greater portion of load changes c. share load equally with the other machine d. not adjust for frequency changes
a. tend to take the lesser portion of load changes
A BA has unexpectedly lost 400MW of generation and has arranged to receive emergency energy from a neighboring BA for at least 3 hours. What entity is responsible for providing a tag for this transaction. a. the BA that lost the generation b. the Reliability Authority c. the Source BA d. No tag is needed because it is an emergency transaction
a. the BA that lost the generation
The affects of a transmission line loaded about its Surge Impedance Loading (SIL) are a. the line becomes more inductive and the voltage drops b. the line becomes less inductive and the voltage drops c. the line become more inductive and the voltage increases d. the line becomes less inductive and the voltage increases
a. the line becomes more inductive and the voltage drops
The system operator notices that a transmission line has a net VAR flow of 25MVAR's into the line. Which of the statements is true under this condition? a. the line is equivalent to an inductor b. the line is transferring the optimum load c. the line is nearing voltage collapse d. the line is equivalent to a capacitor
a. the line is equivalent to an inductor
a BA notifies the RC that the projected load in a BA for the next 3 hours (over the morning peak) is trending above the available generation that had been committed for the day. Operating Reserves will be required to be converted into energy to cover the shortfall. The RC declares an EEA Level 1. What is the most likely cause of the shortfall? a. the load forecast for the day was greatly underestimated b. the largest capacity generator in the BA tripped offline c. there was a curtailment of the largest import on the Interchange Schedule d. A generator operator failed to notify the BA that one of their generators was de-rated by 30% of its capacity.
a. the load forecast for the day was greatly underestimated
A generator operator has some vibration problems with a 500MW coal fired steam generator. As the result of the vibration problems the Generator Operator has to set the maximum reactive power production for that unit at 25MVAR instead of the normal 200MVAR. Who should the generator operator notify as the result of this problem? a. transmission operator b. regional reliability organization c. system coordinator d. department of energy (DOE)
a. transmission operator
What is a generator shift factor (GSF)? a. used to determine the amount of flow contribution a change in generation output will impose on a transmission facility b. applied to external balancing authorities to know how much of their generation is flowing into your system c. use to determine unit commitment and dispatch d. generation that automatically shifts based on load factors
a. used to determine the amount of flow contribution a change in generation output will impose on a transmission facility
A 100 mile transmission line from Substation A to Substation B trips. The field crew reports a Zone 1 target at Substation A and a Zone 2 target at Substation B. The fault is anticipated to be a. within 10 miles of A b. within 10 miles of B c. midway between A and B d. outside of the line segment
a. within 10 miles of A
NERC requires a report to be submitted following the shedding of at least how much firm load? a. 50mw b. 100mw c. 200mw d. 300mw
b. 100mw
Load increases or decreases in relation to the increase or decrease in frequency. It has been determined that for every 1% change in frequency, load will change approximately ___% in the same direction in an Interconnected system. a. 1 b. 2 c. 3 d. 5
b. 2
Who shall coordinate its current-day and next-day planning with neighboring BA's and TOP's and RC's? 1. RC 2. TOP 3. BA 4. Transmission Planners a. 1&2 b. 2&3 c. 2&4 d. 3&4
b. 2 TOP & 3 BA
A 50MVA transformer has 30MW of load. How many MVARs can flow through the transformer? a. 50MVAR b. 40MVAR c. 30MVAR d. 0MVAR
b. 40MVAR
A 500MVA transformer has 400MW of load with 300MVAR. What is the power factor percentage? a. 60% b. 80% c. 100% d. 40%
b. 80%
A balancing authority has an average Ace of -75MW during one clock ten-minute period, their L10 is 50MW. Which NERC control performance standard has been violated? a. cps 1 b. cps 2 c. dcs d. sol
b. CPS 2
a 500 MW generator trips in a BA external to your BA area. Which of the following responses would you expect to see in your Area? a. frequency above 60Hz b. Net Actual Interchange would be greater than Scheduled Interchange c. Reduced net generation on your system d. reduced net actual interchange
b. Net Actual Interchange would be greater than Scheduled Interchange
What is a Power Transfer Distribution Factor (PTDF)? a. Post contingency results and configuration of a system under study b. a measure of the responsiveness or change in electrical loading used for pre-contingency analysis c. congestions management solutions to the most severe single contingency d. outage results that measures the electrical loading of transmission area based on system loading and generation
b. a measure of the responsiveness or change in electrical loading used for pre-contingency analysis
A power system with long transmission lines that connect remote generation to load centers is more likely to have SOLs or IROLs determined by: a. transmission thermal limitations b. angle stability limitations c. generator voltage limitation d. generator thermal limitations
b. angle stability limitations
The voltage on the power system is starting to drop due to load pick up during the morning hours. Where should the system operator increase the reactive power on the transmission and distribution system? a. as far away from the heaviest inductive load areas as possible b. as close to the heaviest inductive load areas as possible c. the location of the reactive power has no effect on the voltage levels when inductive loads are causing the declining voltage. d. shunt capacitor placed in service at the distribution system and shunt reactor place in service at the transmission system
b. as close to the heaviest inductive load areas as possible
When a 200 mile long transmission line is open-ended (with no reactors at the open-end), the highest voltage will occur... a. at the closed-end of the line b. at the open-end of the line c. at or about the middle of the line d. at a point 2/3 of the distance from the closed end of the line
b. at the open-end of the line
which entity makes the determination of a capacity or energy deficiency and notifies the reliability coordinator? a. transmission operator b. balancing authority c. NERC d. distribution owner
b. balancing authority
What is the first thing an operator should do after a relay operation? a. notify their PSE that the transmission path is out of service b. check targets and equipment c. notify adjacent Transmission and Balancing areas d. Check power system stabilizers
b. check targets and equipment
What type of relay uses a combination of current transformer (CT) measurements and potential transformer (PT) measurements and operates when the ratio of the PT measurements to CT measurements is below a certain limit for a given period of time? a. differential relay (device 87) b. distance relay (device 21) c. time overcurrent relay (device 51) d. lockout relay (device 86)
b. distance relay (device 21)
Each RC, TOP and BA shall provide each of its System Operators with at least 32 hours of __________ per year of training that includes system restoration drills and exercises to maintain qualified personnel. a. CEH b. emergency operations c. simulation d. relief
b. emergency operations
A Balancing Authority that is operating asynchronously (separated from the Interconnection) should switch its AGC to which mode _____. a. tie line bias control b. flat frequency control c. flat tie line control d. manual control
b. flat frequency control
A reliability coordinator receives indications that a tie-line will become overloaded if a parallel 345kv line trips, causing an SOL and possible IROL violation. If implementing procedures take longer than 30 minutes to resolve this potential emergency, what would you do to relieve this violation? a. notify all other reliability coordinators b. implement procedures to relieve the violation c. notify generator operators d. monitor and wait to see what happens.
b. implement procedures to relieve the violation
Balancing Authority A is currently reading a system frequency of 59.95Hz. Its net actual interchange is +100MW and its net scheduled interchange is +120MW. If Balancing Authority A's frequency bias setting is -100MW/0.1Hz, BA A's AGC is pulsing its generators to _______. a. remain at current MW output level b. increase MW output c. decrease MW output d. increase excitation on the field windings
b. increase MW output
A balancing authority has several units on governor control. The units have different capacities that range from 200MW to 1000MW and droop settings from 2% to 5%. The biggest adjustments in MW output in response to a frequency disturbance will be provided by units that have a. large capacity; large droop setting b. large capacity; small droop setting c. small capacity; large droop setting d. small capacity; small droop setting
b. large capacity; small droop setting
Cold load can best be described as a. load at an ice plant b. load that has been de-energized for an extended period c. load that has been shed in the winter d. load that is served by an independent power producer
b. load that has been de-energized for an extended period
Interconnection frequency is remaining around 59.92Hz, yours Balancing Area's ACE is 0 and you have 300MW of extra generation. What should the system operator do? a. let the marketer know so they can sell power to deficient entity b. offer assistance to entities needing it c. increase generation d. nothing
b. offer assistance to entities needing it
A Balancing Authority with several units offline anticipates a capacity shortage during the afternoon peak due to unseasonable temperature forecast. What should the BA consider first? a. drop load b. postpone or cancel maintenance c. implement voltage reduction procedures d. curtail interruptible customers
b. postpone or cancel maintenance
Which of the following is the best potential source of Contingency reserve? a. offline generation requiring 30 minutes to start b. quick start generation c. controllable load resources d. coordinated increases to interchange schedules
b. quick start generation
A severe lightning storm has hit your transmission system that damaged two 345kv lines (unable to be re-energized) and tripped two large generators of 500MW and 700MW offline. No additional generators are available and the parallel 230kV are loaded at their emergency limits. System operator should a. wait for the generator operator to report on when the generators can be back on line b. shed load c. place all the shunt reactors and shunt capacitors in service d. remove system protection from the overloaded transmission lines to prevent tripping.
b. shed load
A radial transmission line feeding a load is overloaded. The transmission operator must do which of the following to unload the line? a. raise interchange schedule b. shed load at the end of the line c. lower interchange schedule d. notify BA to adjust AGC
b. shed load at the end of the line
Under Frequency Load Shedding (UFLS) is to stabilize the imbalance between generation and load that has been created by a system disturbance. This is accomplished by a. generation tripping first b. shedding load prior to generation tripping c. shedding all load to arrest frequency d. system stabilizing voltage
b. shedding load prior to generation tripping
What is the purpose in accounting for Inadvertent Interchange among the Balancing Authorities? a. to maintain adequate reliability of energy transactions across each interconnection. b. to ensure that balancing authorities do not excessively depend on other balancing authority areas for meeting their demand or interchange obligations c. to compensate those organizations that take on the responsibility of operating a Balancing Authority d. so that large energy providers can demonstrate the profitability of owning and operating generation and transmission facilities.
b. to ensure that balancing authorities do not excessively depend on other balancing authority areas for meeting their demand or interchange obligations
the development of an emergency load reduction plan to respond to an IROL violation is the responsibility of the a. Balancing Authority b. transmission operator c. distribution owner d. transmission owner
b. transmission operator
Which of the following are dynamic reactive resources? 1. synchronous condenser 2. capacitor bank 3. reactor bank 4. generator a. 1&3 b. 2&3 c. 2&4 d.1&4
d. 1. synchronous condenser & 4. generator
An external generator tripped that was large enough to reduce the frequency from 60.00Hz to 59.94Hz. Your BA's frequency bias is 200MW/0.1Hz. How many MW would your system initially contribute to frequency support? a. 80mw b. 100mw c. 200mw d. 120mw
d. 120mw
a balancing authority has a sudden change in demand-supply balance due to a sudden loss of load or generation in their area. The sudden change will be seen instantaneously in which calculated value? a. frequency b. system lambda c. operating reserves d. ACE
d. ACE
Which of the following contributions would represent the best generation control performance (in terms of helping the Interconnection's frequency) by a Balancing Area? a. ACE is positive while frequency error is positive b. ACE is negative while frequency error is negative c. ACE is positive while frequency error is zero d. ACE is positive while frequency error is negative
d. ACE is positive while frequency error is negative
The Reliability Coordinator shall monitor _____________to identify the sources that contribute to Frequency Error, Time Error or Inadvertent Interchange and shall discuss corrective actions with the appropriate Balancing Authority. a. Balancing Authority errors b. Wheeling errors c. Regional Errors d. Area Control Errors
d. Area Control Errors
If the frequency bias setting is equal to the frequency response of a BA and a frequency decline is caused by a sudden loss of generation in an external balancing area, what will be the result? a. none of these answers are correct b. the ace will be negative and agc will increase generation c. the ace will be positive and agc will lower generation d. ace will not change due to the disturbance
d. ace will not change due to the disturbance
When a RC curtails an interchange transaction for TLR purposes, he must notify listed on the tag of the maximum MW value for the affected transaction. a. the Sink BA b. the Source BA c. the PSE serving the load d. all BA's on the schedule path
d. all BA's on the schedule path
Voltage levels are starting to decline in the North part of the system. Which of the following devices should the Transmission Operator operator and/or have another entity operate to raise the voltage level back to normal in the North part of the system? a. Transformer underload tap changers b. shunt capacitor bank controls c. generator reactive output d. all answers are correct
d. all answers are correct
System Operator communications must be a. available for addressing real-time emergencies b. on pre-determined communication paths c. clear, concise and definitive d. all of the above
d. all of the above
What does governor droop accomplish? a. a decrease in generator shaft speed and an increase in generator's MW output b. The demand at a given instant of time and demand averaged over an hour c. a graphical method of representing the performance of a governor d. enable all governors to share in frequency regulation, and ensure the bulk system does not enter into power oscillations.
d. enable all governors to share in frequency regulation, and ensure the bulk system does not enter into power oscillations.
which value is a balancing authority's approximate response to Interconnection frequency errors and has a unit of MW/0.1Hz? a. ace b. agc c. net interchange actual d. frequency bias
d. frequency bias
A 230kV transmission line makes contact with a tree as a result of heavy transfers and flashes over to the tree causing the transmission line to relay out. What type of fault is this classified as? a. differential fault b. overvoltage fault c. positive sequence fault d. ground fault
d. ground fault
A system operator notices that frequency has dropped to 59.95 Hz but his Balancing Area ACE is zero. The Balancing Authority has plenty of generation and helps the Interconnection by request his generators to increase additional MW. Which statement best describes his action? a. he has not impacted the system b. he helped the system c. he followed NERC guidelines d. he violated NERC standards
d. he violated NERC standards
Two lines of the same construction are fed from Bus A and are open at the other end. Line # 2 is twice as long as Line # 1. The voltage at the open end of Line #1 is 3% higher than Bus A voltage. What can you conclude about the voltage at the open end of Line # 2? a. same as Bus A b. 3% lower than Bus A c. 3% higher than Bus A d. more than 3% higher than Bus A
d. more than 3% higher than Bus A
If frequency, voltage, and/or phase angle differences are too large to permit breaker closing, a System Operator should first consider a. increasing or decreasing interchange schedules b. cancelling maintenance outages c. shedding load d. re-dispatching or system configuration changes
d. re-dispatching or system configuration changes
which entity shall initiate energy emergency alert and act to mitigate the emergency condition? a. transmission owner b. balancing authority c. transmission operator d. reliability coordinator
d. reliability coordinator
Inadvertent interchange accumulations that are paid back by controlling to a target of non-zero ACE and is limited by the Balancing Authority's L10 is known as, a. bilateral payback b. selective payback c. transmission payback d. unilateral payback
d. unilateral payback
A storm blows A phase and B phase conductors of a 138kV transmission line together, creating a phase to phase fault. The magnitude of the current and voltage changed instantly causing the line distance relays at each end of the line to operate. How did the current and voltage on that line change providing the input for the relay to indicate a fault on the line? a. voltage decreased and current decreased b. voltage increased and current decreased c. voltage increased and current increased d. voltage decreased and current increased
d. voltage decreased and current increased
A balancing authority's inadvertent accumulation reflects over-generation during on-peak hours. When system load is decreasing, what actions could a BA system operator take to limit additional on peak inadvertent accumulation? 1. decrease transactions into their system 2. increase transactions into their system 3. decrease generation 4. increase generation
1&3
when referring to transmission lines of an interconnected network, neighboring system should use a. NERC line identifiers and rating b. regional agreement on line data c. uniform line identifiers and rating d. company specific line names and seasonal ratings
c. uniform line identifiers and rating
A balancing authority has a 200 MW/0.1Hz frequency bias with zero schedules. Frequency is 60.00Hz and ACE is 0, what should the sum of all the Balancing Authorities interconnections equal? a. total generation b. system load c. zero d. small mw amount of the ba
c. zero
A balancing authority's largest single contingency is a unit rated of 1,000MW. Which of the following disturbances would constitute a reportable disturbance for DCS evaluation based on the NERC DCS criteria? a. the loss of a 750mw generating unit at 100% output b. the loss of 3 generating units totaling 1300mw over a period of 3 hours c. the loss of a 950mw generating unit at 100% output d. the loss of 715mw of firm load.
c. the loss of a 950mw generating unit at 100% output
A system operator must operate the transmission system so that instability, uncontrolled separation, or cascading outages will not occur as a result of a. external disturbances b. normal operations c. the most severe single contingency d. any unplanned outage
c. the most severe single contingency
the ace equation must include metered data: dynamic schedules, pseudo ties, actual frequency, and all ____________. a. generation b. transmission c. tie lines d. communications
c. tie lines
A car on a city street hit a 13kV power pole causing A and B phases to wrap around each other. The 13kV line relays at the substation fail to trip the 13kV circuit breaker feeding the troubled line. Which relay will pick up and trip the 138/13kV transformer feeding the 13kV system off line to protect it from damage? a. differential b. ground c. timed overcurrent d. phase comparison
c. timed overcurrent
it is the responsibility of which entity to have an emergency load reduction plan in place for all identified IROL's? a. reliability coordinator b. balancing authority c. transmission operator d. regional reliability organization
c. transmission operator
if the frequency bias setting is a lower value that the frequency response of a ba and a frequency decline is caused by a sudden loss of generation in an external balancing area, what will be the result? a. the ace will be zero and will take no agc action b. the ace will be negative and agc will increase generation c. the ace will be positive and agc will lower generation d. this will not affect the ace
c. the ace will be positive and agc will lower generation
150MW is flowing into a 200MVA transformer. What MW value is flowing on the low side winding of the transformer? a. 250mw b. 200mw c. 150mw d. 75mw
c. 150mw
Maintenance personnel inform you that insulator maintenance must be performed on a 230 kV line and the line must be de-energized to perform the maintenance. In the past, outages of this line on high load days have resulted in an SOL violation on your system. This outage must be coordinated with? a. only Transmission Operators or Balancing Authorities that participate in the outage b. Only Transmission Operators of Balancing Authorities that are adjacent to your system c. Your Reliability Coordinator and any Transmission Operator or Balancing Authority that may be impacted by the outage d. Only Reliability Coordinators, Transmission Operators, that request information about the outage.
c. Your Reliability Coordinator and any Transmission Operator or Balancing Authority that may be impacted by the outage
Frequency and voltage magnitude on each side of the breaker and the power angle across the breaker must be within proper limits when synchronizing transmission systems that have separated or islanded. If not within proper limits, the system operator should a. adjust the tap changer on the nearest transformer b. adjust the power angle on the one of the breaker to 90 degrees c. adjust area generation levels d. open additional lines until the voltage is matched
c. adjust area generation levels
when shall the transmission operator and balancing authority review and update its emergency plan? a. semi annually b. quarterly c. annually d. every 3 years
c. annually
a balancing authority anticipating an operating capacity or energy emergency shall perform all actions necessary which includes: a. proactive load shedding b. transmission line switching c. bringing on all available generation d. voltage reduction
c. bringing on all available generation
the control performance standard (CPS 2) specifies that ACE must average a specified value each a. five minutes b. rolling ten minutes c. clock ten minutes d. clock twenty minutes
c. clock ten minutes
When the frequency of an Interconnection decreases due to the loss of a large generator, the frequency will continue to drop until the combination of ____________ replaces the output of the lost generator. a. generator AVR response and decrease in load b. generator AVR response and voltage regulating response c. generator governor response and decrease in load d. generator governor response and generator AVR response
c. generator governor response and decrease in load
In performing its reliability analysis, a RC identifies a potential reliability problem. What action should the RC take? a. drop load b. reduce voltage c. initiate a conference call with impacted entities d. initiate a conference call with all TOP's in the interconnection
c. initiate a conference call with impacted entities
if a balancing authority is unable to purchase capacity or energy to meet its demand and reserve requirements on a day-ahead or hour-by-hour basis, which entity(ies) must be notified? a. its rc only b. all rc's and ba's c. its rc and all other potentially affected ba's and top's d. all rc's, ba's and top's
c. its rc and all other potentially affected ba's and top's
when a system is on the verge of a voltage collapse and all reactive resources are at maximum output what else should a system operator consider to alleviate the problem? a. lower voltage to reduce local loads b. request the rc to shed load in their area c. reduce the load in the area with the low voltage d. make sure all shunt reactors are in service.
c. reduce the load in the area with the low voltage
During system restoration, what is the system operators priority? a. restoration of interchange b. restoration of customer load c. restoration of off-site startup power to critical facilities d. interconnection frequency
c. restoration of off-site startup power to critical facilities
Which equipment is used first for maintaining or increasing system voltages? a. generator reactive maximum output b. shedding unnecessary load c. shunt capacitor banks d. transmission breakers
c. shunt capacitor banks
When a system is in an island and frequency in the island is 59.0Hz. How much load needs to be shed to return the island to 60.0Hz? a. one to two percent b. three to five percent c. six to ten percent d. ten to twelve percent
c. six to ten percent
interconnection frequency is 59.80Hz. Your ACE is a large negative value and your AGC is pulsing your units down. What should you do? a. place AGC in constant frequency control b. place AGC in flat tie line control c. suspend AGC and investigate d. leave AGC in operation as your unit respond
c. suspend AGC and investigate
