SP2 Safety lessons 1-4

What should you look for on a chemical bottle?

- The name of the chemical - How to handle the chemical - How to avoid dangerous situations with it - First Aid information

Route of entry

:This is the means by which a chemical may enter the human body (e.g., inhalation, ingestion, skin absorption). The possible route of entry helps you determine what personal protective equipment (PPE) you should use when handling the substance.

Acute or chronic effects

A chemical that is acutely toxic can injure you after a single exposure. Chemicals that have chronic effects may harm you after repeated or prolonged use.

Transmission of Bloodborne Pathogens

Bloodborne pathogens may be present in ANY substance that contains visible blood and in certain body fluids

Reducing Your Risk of Exposure

You can protect yourself and others from pathogens and the spread of infectious diseases by using personal protective equipment (PPE), properly cleaning and disinfecting items and surfaces, effectively disposing of contaminated items, and effectively responding to and following up on an exposure incident.

Skull and Cross Bones Sign

-Acute Toxicity (fatal or toxic)

First Aid Emergency Response

-An accident can occur at any time or in any place. If you are the first person to arrive at the scene, dial 911. -Before helping the victim, determine if the scene is safe. If anything dangerous is present, do not put your own life at risk to help the victim; you will be of no aid if you become a victim, too. Summon help, and wait for trained people to resolve the situation. -If the scene is safe, try to determine what happened and how many victims there may be. Never move a victim unless an immediate, life-threatening danger exists, such as a fire or threat of a building collapse.

Environment Sign

-Aquatic Toxicity

Hazard Health Sign

-Carcinogen -Mutagenicity -Reproductive Toxicity -Respiratory Sensitizer -Target Organ Toxicity -Aspiration Toxicity

Cleaning Surfaces and Spills

-Cleaning works by using soap (or detergent) and water to physically remove dirt and germs from surfaces. This process does not necessarily kill germs. However, lifting dirt and germs off of surfaces and rinsing them away with water lowers the risk of spreading infection. -When cleaning soiled surfaces or objects, especially those with body fluids or blood, remove the spill, clean first, and then disinfect the surface. Use warm or hot water unless the cleaning product label states otherwise.

Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)

-Cover any open wounds, sores, or cuts with a bandage before putting on other PPE. -Wear appropriate latex or nitrile gloves to significantly reduce exposure. -Protect your eyes, nose, and mouth from accidental exposure with safety glasses, a face shield, a surgical-style particle mask and/or a respirator. -Use an apron or other protective clothing as needed. -Always properly clean and disinfect contaminated items and surfaces. -Always properly dispose of contaminated items. -Always respond and follow up on any exposure incident. -PPE should be worn even when cleaning affected items and surfaces.

Care for Eye-Related Injuries

-DO NOT squeeze your eyes shut in the event of a chemical splash. -Ask co-workers for assistance. -Immediately make your way to the eyewash station, and flood your eyes for at least 15 minutes. -Hold your eyelids open to ensure that your eyes are flushed completely. -Ask someone to contact emergency medical personnel; continue rinsing your eyes until help arrives.

Exploding Bomb Sign

-Explosives -Self-Reactives -Organic Peroxides

Flame Sign

-Flammables -Pyrophorics -Self-Heating -Emits Flammable Gas -Self-Reactives -Organic Peroxides

Gas Cylinder Sign

-Gases Under Pressure

Common Bloodborne Pathogens

-Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) -Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) -Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)

Care for an Unconscious Victim

-If the victim is unconscious, dial 911. If the person is face down, roll him or her to a face-up position, keeping the head, neck, and back in a straight line. -open the airway -check for breathing -quickly scan for severe bleeding

Exclamation Mark Sign

-Irritant (skin and eye) -Skin Sensitizer -Acute Toxicity -Narcotic Effects -Respiratory Tract Irritant -Hazardous to Ozone Layer

Checking a Victim

-Is conscious -Has an open, unobstructed airway -Is breathing -Has a heartbeat -Is not bleeding severely

Precautions for Working With Chemicals

-Never eat, drink, or smoke around chemicals in the work area. -Keep flammable and explosive material away from any heat sources. -Make sure you have enough ventilation in the work area. If you feel the slightest amount of dizziness or nausea, report the incident to your supervisor immediately. -Use the right personal protective equipment (PPE). This may include gloves, safety glasses, masks, respirators, and work clothes. Keep all equipment clean and report any damage. -Know how to properly dispose of all contaminated materials before you start work. -Always use established procedures for handling, storing, or transporting hazardous chemicals.

Flame Over Circle Sign

-Oxidizers

Types of Eyewash Stations

-Plumbed eyewash stations -Mixed concentrate units -Cartridge units

Handling Contaminated Materials

-Safely dispose of contaminated materials during and after the cleanup process so that you prevent exposure to other people. Continue to wear your PPE during the disposal process. You may take off PPE only after you have removed, disinfected, and disposed of all contaminated items. -All non-porous tools that come in contact with an unhealthy condition of the skin, blood, or body fluid need to be immediately and properly cleaned using an EPA-registered disinfectant or bleach solution for 5 minutes.

Corrosion Sign

-Skin Corrosion/Burns -Eye Damage -Corrosive to Metals

First Aid Kit Types

-Type I kits: are designed for indoor use and are permanently mounted to a wall or other structure. -Type II kits: are designed for indoor use but are portable. -Type III kits: are portable and can be used in either indoor or outdoor environments, but not where there is a high potential for damage due to environmental factors or rough handling. -Type IV kits: are suitable for outdoor use where there may be rough handling. These are designed for use in the transportation, utility, and construction industries.

Local or systemic reaction

A local reaction occurs at the site of the exposure, such as irritations or damage to the skin, eyes, or lungs. A systemic reaction happens when chemicals enter the bloodstream through the skin, eyes, mouth, or lungs. Your entire body, or system, may be affected.

Disposable Gloves

All gloves need to be completely intact and free of punctures or tears. To confirm a glove is intact, blow into the glove to inflate it, twist the ends, and check to make sure there are not punctures that deflate the glove.

Target organs

Organs in your body that can be damaged by a systemic reaction to a hazardous chemical include the liver, heart, lungs, or kidneys.

Compatibility

Near the end of every SDS is a section that describes what chemicals should not be mixed with the material.

Universal Precautions

OSHA Universal Precautions policy states that employees assume ALL blood and body fluids are infectious. This includes any exposure to blood, body fluids, and dried blood. You can learn more about Universal Precautions

What is OSHA

Occupational Safety and Health Administration

SDS Sections 1-4

Section 1, Identification Section 2, Hazard(s) Identification Section 3, Composition/Information Section 4, First-Aid Measures

SDS Sections 13-16

Section 13, Disposal Considerations Section 14, Transport Information Section 15, Regulatory Information Section 16, Other Information

SDS Sections 5-8

Section 5, Fire-Fighting Measures Section 6, Accidental Release Measures Section 7, Handling and Storage Section 8, Exposure Controls/Personal Protection

SDS Sections 9-12

Section 9, Physical and Chemical Properties Section 10, Stability and Reactivity Section 11, Toxicological Information Section 12, Ecological Information

Eyewash Station Locations: OSHA Standard

Similar to first aid kits, the OSHA first aid standard requires eyewash stations in locations where there is a risk of accidental exposure to corrosive or caustic materials. OSHA standard 29 CFR 1910.151(c)) states, "Suitable facilities for quick drenching or flushing of the eyes and body shall be provided within the work area for immediate emergency use."

Permissible Exposure Limit (PEL)

Some chemicals present almost no problem unless they come in contact with you for a period of time. The Permissible Exposure Limit tells you the average amount of a chemical that you can safely be exposed to over an 8-hour period.

Threshold Limit Values (TLV)

TLV is the occupational exposure limit established by the American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH). This limit suggests the exposure a worker can have to a chemical substance, day after day, without adverse health effects. TLVs are adopted by some governments as their legal limits.

Eyewash Station Locations: ANSI Standard

The ANSI standard requires that eyewash stations be installed within 10 seconds walking distance (55 feet) from the hazard area. A station should be immediately adjacent to any area where strong acid or caustic substances are used. Eyewash stations should contain enough water to provide for 15 minutes of continuous use.