Spanish 120 Exam 1
present participle formation
-ar : -ando -er : -iendo -ir : -iendo
Machu Picchu Facts
-in Peru in the Andes Mountain range -along the winding Urubamba River -Machu Picchu in Quechua=old mountain -mysterious -1911: Hiram Bingham made ruins known -divided into 3 sectors: agricultural, urban, religious
ordinal numbers
-primer (before singular, masculine noun), primero/a -segundo/a -tercer (before singular, masculine noun), tercero/a -cuarto/a -quinto/a -sexto/a -séptimo/a -octavo/a -noveno/a -décimo/a
How do you end a present participle when the stem of an -er or -ir verb ends in a vowel?
-yendo (leer, oír, traer)
es mala, está mala
bad, sick
aburrido/a
bored
es aburrido, está aburrido
boring, bored
ocupado/a
busy
limpio/a
clean
cerrado/a
closed
cómodo/a
comfortable
es seguro, está no seguro
confident, not sure
contento/a
content, happy
sucio/a
dirty
desordenado/a
disorderly
avergonzado/a
embarrassed
present progressive
estar + present participle
estar
estoy, estás, está, estamos, estáis, están
amable
friendly
son verdes, están verdes
green, not ripe
alegre
happy
feliz
happy
enamorado/a (de)
in love (with)
irregular present participles
ir : yendo poder : pudiendo venir : viniendo
es vivo, está vivo
lively, alive
When do you use estar?
location or spatial relationships; health; physical states and conditions; emotional states; certain weather expressions; progressive tenses; TEMPORARY AND CHANGEABLE CONDITIONS
enojado/a
mad, angry
direct object pronouns
me, te, lo, la, nos, os, los, las
When do you use ser?
nationality, place of origin; profession or occupation; characteristics; generalizations; possession; what something is made of; time and date; where or when an event occurs; INHERENT CHARACTERISTICS
nervioso/a
nervous
abierto/a
open
ordenado/a
orderly
triste
sad
seguro/a
safe, sure, confident
es listo, está listo
smart, ready
ser
soy, eres, es, somos, son
cansado/a
tired
when referring to an object, ser seguro means
to be safe
preocupado/a (por)
worried (about)
equivocado/a
wrong