Spanish Civil War

FAI/CNT

Anarchist group (left) CNT- trade union

Assault Guards

Made to be on the good side of the peasantry. Leads to the fight between the civil and assault guards and azana ultimately gets taken over.

Fifth Column

Mola had "fifth column" supporters inside of Madrid which would undermine the Republican government from within.

Caudillo

October 1, 1936 Franco officially becomes generalissimo Significance: made Franco the definite ruler of the nationalist movement

Civil Guards

Official guardian of public order, armed force, patrolling always in twos and originally used to stamp out rural banditry. Peasant and working class hated them. The republic responded by creating the Assault Guards

PSOE/UTG

PSOE: Spanish Socialist workers UTG: Socialist trade union (left)

Falange Espanol

Political organization founded by Jose Antonio Primo de Rivera in 1932. similar to Italian Fascism. After the coup of 1936, Franco combined Carlists and the Falange to add fascism. Significance: This was the right's reaction to the leftist government's extreme reforms

National Front

The national front was on the right (nationalists). They lost the election which allowed for the left to regain power.

Pius XI

head of catholic church until death in 1939. accepted Spanish refugees from the republic and did no harm to them for supporting the legt

Rising

right-wing Military rebellion against the leftt gov. in July 1936 led by Significance: causes full-blow civil war to begin

Majorca

spanish island under control of nationalists. in 1936 republic attempts attack but fails because nationalists have support from fascist italy

Basques

striving to be an autonomous state. supported the left because they believed in more localized gov. rather than centralized. Significance: one of the major industrialized areas of Spain supposed to give Left side a leg-up caused major conflict separating those who wanted to centralize Spain vs. localize

Largo Caballero

(left) prime minister September 1936

Casares Quiroga

(left) prime minister from May-July 1936 during nationalist uprising Significance: refused to arm the people which allowed the nationalists to gain momentum and control over many areas

Dr. Juan Negrin

(left) replaces Largo Caballero as Republican Prime minister

Army of Africa

(right) army officers and soldiers that fought in Morocco generally nationalist and traditional Significance: major factor in right victory because they used fearless and brutal tactics expensive so caused social tension, as middle/upper class defended military interests as they dominated the jobs as officers and generals.

Miguel Primo de Rivera

(right) led pronunciamento in 1923 with support of King Alfonso XIII,army, conservatives, and intellectuals becomes prime minister in 1925 steps down and dies 1930 significance: lead Spain in such a dysfunctional time and was so discouraged that he stepped down, indication of chaos w/in spain

Jose Antonio Primo de Rivera

(right) son of previous dictator. founded the Falange, a spanish fascist party in 1933. supports the military rebellion in July 1936. executed Nov. 1936

General Jose Sanjurjo

(right)Nationalist military general who plotted to overthrow the government in 1932, which failed, but then helped plot the 1936 coup with Franco which resulted in civil war, figurehead of movement. Dies in plane crash

National Movement

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Reconquista

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Two Black Years

1933-end of 1935 right in charge of gov. CEDA wins because they unify right wing parties in coalition. Significance: time to remove the reforms set in place by the leftist government that proceeded them, attempt to return to traditional spanish ideals

Catastrophists

Believed the Republic should be overthrown. They were involved in the Coup in 1936. Made up of the Carlists and Monarchists. Significance: behind several violent coups and/or terrors one of which led to outbreak of civil war

PSUC

Catalan Socialists (left)

CEDA

Created by Robles. Modern right party coaltion

Blue Divisioin

Fascist volunteers who fought the Falangist side in the war. Gave the right a major advantage

Blue Shirts

Fascists (National Guard). Anti- communist. Significance:

General Francisco Franco

Franco led the Fascists (right) against the leftist government. Becomes generalissimo in 1936 In 1939, the Fascist forces won (with help from Italy and Germany). Franco ruled until his death in 1975.

Generalisimo

Franco named commander in chief over National Army in October 1936 Significance: puts Franco in an official position of power as leader over the nationalist rebellion

Condor Legion

German bombers sent by Hitler that practiced heavy bombing of major cities Significance: first use of heavy bombing tactic that was later used in WWII and was a strength of the right in the civil war

Loyalists

In support of the Republic government. Significance:

Latifundista

Left nationalizes land and estates from the higher class land owners Significance: caused serious discontent with Zamora and left especially from nobility land owners

Cortes

Legislature parliament of Spain. Has the power to enact any law and to amend the constitution. Significance:elections were often rigged which diminished their power and made Spain unstable for decades

POUM

Revolutionary communists, but anti-stalinists (left)

PCE

Stalinist Communist (left)

Catalans

Thought of themselves as separate from Spain. Supported the Republic (left) because if the left would win then the Catalans would be able to gain autonomy.Significance: one of the major industrialized areas of Spain supposed to give Left side a leg-up caused major conflict separating those who wanted to centralize Spain vs. localize

Nationalists

Were the right side and wanted a strong centralized government. Significance: After winning the war, Franco would combine the Falange, Ceda, and both sides of the monarch, Alfonsists and Carlists, into the Falange

Red Asturias

coal Miners and worker revolt (left) against the rightist in power overthrow the Civil and Assault Guards Significance:

Sanjurjo Rising

coup to overthrow left led by General Sanjurjo in 1932 Significance: successful in Seville and Jerez but nowhere else reveals that collaboration within the right wing parties is necessary to preserve spanish tradition and that they would have to do that by elections

Carlists

extreme medieval catholics, support right due to accidentalism

Jose Maria Gil Robles

forms and leads coalition of right parties called CEDA for anti- reform campaign that wins in 1933. Strong fascist leader, unable to become Prime minister because of president's fear of fascist state. Significance: responsible for removing leftist reform

Pius XII

lead catholic church through WWII remained neutral.supported right and fascism as a result of accidentalism

Popular Front

left Political coalition created in 1933. Significance: formed as a response to CEDA success in 1933 elections

General Emilio Mola

major Nationalist commander in Northern Spain (right) helps plot the uprising against the leftist government which results in civil war. dies in plane crash Significance:

International Brigades

military units made up of volunteers from different countries. The right had support from both Germany and Italy and didn't have to pay upfront and therefore had money available for other things. Left had support from Russia but had to pay for their support which was a major drawback.

Bourbon

monarchy that existed in Spain before the civil war Significance: Right side wanted to preserve the conservative Spanish tradition