SPCH 1315 Midterm

When Norris opened the bag of cookies, the first one he took out was stale. He checked two more cookies in the bag and found they were also stale so he threw the entire bag into the trash. What type of reasoning did Norris use to come to his conclusion?

induction

Which of the following is NOT typically part of the citation information necessary when crediting a source?

length of book or article

When relying on an enthymeme for an argument, which part of the argument is assumed to be true and does NOT have to be stated?

minor premise

For part of Katrin's speech, she incorporated some material borrowed from an article she had found online. However, she failed to note the source of this information as she spoke. Which form of plagiarism did Katrin commit?

no-citation plagiarism

While watching the Home Shopping Network, June calls and orders a designer purse without really considering its cost, color, or value. This is an example of _____,

peripheral processing

When a speech appeals to the listeners' lowest level of needs within Maslow's hierarchy, the speech is referring to _____.

physiological requirements

A suggested technique for citations regarding visual materials used in a speech is to _____.

place the written citation in the same location on each presentation aid

If a speaker deliberately uses the material created by another person and doesn't give that person credit for the work, the speaker is guilty of _____.

plagiarism

A library's online _____ allows the user to search the catalogs and databases just as you would if you were sitting in the library.

portal

The position of your body during a speech reflects your _____.

posture

Patrice wants to talk about her strongest argument first when she presents her talk on building more charter schools. Patrice is using the _____ model to organize her speech.

primacy

When used in a persuasive argument, induction predicts _____.

probability

As a critical listener, you must offer description, judgment, justification, and _____ when evaluating the persuasive presentation.

rationale

A suggested technique for taking thorough research notes is _____.

record citation information before you begin to record information from a source

Kylie went to her local library to find information for her upcoming speech. She knew she could ask the ____ librarian for assistance in finding the resources she needed.

reference

Monique is looking through journals and checking websites for information on the greenhouse effect. What part of the speech preparation process is she involved in?

research

Much to her boyfriend's amusement, Lauren carefully planned what outfit and jewelry she would wear for her speech. What aspect of her delivery is Lauren concerned with?

appearance

Hannah has been asked to evaluate a classmate's informative speech. Which of the following should NOT be considered as Hannah completes her evaluation?

appropriate persuasive appeal

When organizing an introduction, which of the following should come first?

attention-getter

Janice is evaluating the message of Marcus's speech. Which of the following should she NOT evaluate in this process?

delivery techniques during the speech

When evaluating a speaker's introduction, which of the following did the text state will always be an important consideration?

gaining audience attention and interest

Which of the following is NOT an example of an informative speech?

a speech urging adoption of same-sex marriage legislation

An audience member asked Trevor if he thought the community could pay for the new park. Trevor shrugged his shoulders in response and said that question would have to be answered by the finance committee. When Trevor shrugged, he was using a(n) _____.

emblem

For her slide presentation, Erin decided to highlight in yellow the words she wanted her audience to remember. Which design principle does her choice reflect?

emphasis

In the transactional communication process, the participants view their communication as _____.

intentional

The beginning of a speech that is used to grab the attention of the audience and preview the speech is called the _____.

introduction

Which aspect of Pelias and Shaffer's process of evaluation answers the question, "Was it good or not?"

judgment

Malia is taking her handwritten outline and putting it into correct outline form. She knows this new outline will still need changes before she gives her speech. Which type of outline is she making?

preparation

Claire found it hard to stay attentive during the seminar because the speaker spoke so slowly and never looked up from the podium. What part of the speech is Claire evaluating?

presentation

Jensen told Ryan that the gestures he used during his talk were effective. Which part of the speech is Jensen evaluating?

presentation

Katrine told the audience, "In this speech, I will talk about the noise pollution generated by public transportation and what our community is doing to alleviate this problem." What part of her introduction does this sentence represent?

preview of speech

Which of the following should NOT be included in the conclusion of a speech?

preview statement

Aiden's speech is about the need for low-cost housing in his community. Which organizational strategy might work BEST for Aiden?

problem-solution

When Meeska says the name of the second month of the year, she says, "Feb-u-ary" instead of "Feb-ru-ary." This is an example of an error in _____.

pronunciation

Larry was very nervous as he gave his first speech, talking so rapidly that the audience had a difficult time following him. What should Larry adjust the next time he speaks in public?

rate

Generally speaking, effective public speaking evaluation emphasizes _____.

what needs improvement and what was successful

For an informative speech, Julius chooses the topic "motorcycles." He finds plenty of interesting material, but keeps speaking beyond his allotted time when practicing his speech. What is the likely issue here?

His topic is too broad

The very last thing you should include in your speech conclusion is a _____ statement.

WOW

Adapting the guidelines created by Nancy Duarte, how much time should you spend on creating the presentation aids when you are making an eight-minute speech with four to six slides?

2+ hours

Which of the following is an effective main point for a speech about characteristics of baby boomers?

Baby boomers are defined as individuals born from 1946 to 1964.

Which of these questions should a speaker ask when determining the occasion for a speech?

How will the audience respond to the topic?

_____ refers to how high or low your voice is as you speak.

Pitch

Which of the following is the BEST advice to follow when determining when to cite a source?

When in doubt, cite a source

Which type of speech is BEST suited to memorized speaking?

a wedding toast

In a presentation aid, a visual sense of rhythm emphasizes _____.

movement

The ability of a speaker to respond to audience differences by practicing sensitivity and collaboration is called _____ skill.

negotiation

The _____ principle reminds us that we should create a design format and use it consistently.

pattern

Sharee didn't think it was appropriate for her classmate to talk about the need for one religion to unite people when there were many students in the room of various religious beliefs. What part of the speech is Sharee evaluating?

topic

Which design principle says that elements of a presentation aid should relate to each other?

unity

Which of these questions should you ask when evaluating the conclusion of a speech you are preparing?

Do i restate my main points?

Which of the following presentation skills would inspire an audience to listen?

Fred used clear, concise, and appropriate language.

In his speech on the importance of physical education, Jon carefully used one standard format to cite each source, and gave all needed details. He always began by saying, "As noted in . . . " and ended his sentence with the example, fact, or statistic he was using. Based on this information, what can you conclude about Jon's speech?

He would benefit from variety in his citations

Which of the following is a suggested technique to use when you must deliver an impromptu speech?

Jot down key words or ideas before you begin

When a speech is designed to get the audience to take action, the BEST organizational strategy to use is _____.

Monroe's Motivated Sequence

When considering the communication process today, scholars would describe it as _____.

transactional

Which technique to control anxiety is best utilized during the speech itself?

Visualize that you are just having a conversation with the audience.

The final element in a persuasive speech is _____.

a WOW statement

The mayor included a brief description of the term "terrorism" in his speech after the Boston Marathon bombing. This would be an example of _____ as supporting material.

a definition

Anita is speaking about preventing skin cancer. She includes testimony from local dermatologists about types of cancers, incidence rates, and the importance of yearly exams. What type of argument is Anita using?

argument by authority

The source page of an outline is found _____.

at the end of the outline

When she hears someone talking about eating at the local Thai restaurant, Juliette smiles broadly because she loves the food. Juliette's response is an example of a(n) _____.

attitude

The reactions people have to some sort of stimuli are called _____.

behaviors

Based on what she has read in the Bible, Heidi considers all people to be followers of God. What part of Heidi's identity does this reveal?

beliefs

Logan is speaking about classroom obstacles for disabled children. He specifically and concisely lists three areas where physical barriers can be easily removed to improve access. What is Logan using as supporting material here?

brief examples

Kalina is writing a persuasive speech about outlawing pesticide use within city limits. Her introduction must _____.

capture the audience's attention

Jessa loves her psychology course and always does the assigned reading before class. She takes diligent notes during class and raises her hand to join in the discussion. According to the elaboration likelihood model, Jessa is engaged in _____ processing.

central

A _____ is the oral or written credit for the original source of support materials a speaker is using.

citation

A speaker who works to unsettle the audience or cause an inharmonious feeling in order to introduce her "solution" is utilizing _____.

cognitive dissonance theory

Persuasion is a deliberate attempt by the speaker to _____ the attitudes, beliefs, values, and/or behaviors of listeners.

create, reinforce, or change

Kelly is making a preparation outline for her upcoming presentation. Which of the following can she leave off of this preparation outline?

delivery tips

Which of the following would a speaker use to summarize the characteristics of a given population to the audience?

descriptive statistics

Criterion-based evaluation means that an evaluation is based on _____.

established standards

Which modern appeal of persuasion is based on the idea that people evaluate the cost or benefit of something to see if it is worthwhile for them to make a change in their behavior?

expectancy-outcome values theory

Laura is giving a speech about causes of childhood obesity. She cites information from a leading researcher at the National Institutes of Health. This is an example of _____ testimony.

expert

Twyla's persuasive speech advocates using cosmetics that have not been tested on animals. She includes testimony from the product's celebrity endorsers as part of her support material. What type of fallacy is occurring here?

faulty use of authority

When an argument within a persuasive speech is recognized as a fallacy, it means that the argument _____.

has an error in logic

At the beginning of her presentation, Cassie told her audience, "If our town should ever experience a one-day rainfall just three inches above average, our levee could burst and the entire downtown district would be destroyed." What is Cassie using as her support material?

hypothetical example

Lauren told the audience that drinking socially could cause them to turn to drug use and they could become addicted to both. Which faulty reasoning does this demonstrate?

slippery slope

Books, magazines, newspaper articles, and websites are all ____ of support material.

sources

Jon thinks to himself, "That isn't really current information. This speaker needs to check her sources." This is an example of evaluating the _____.

speech message

Which aspect of a speech helps a speaker explain or validate his or her topic to the audience?

support materials

An argument by deduction that is structured with a major premise, followed by a minor premise, followed by the conclusion is known as a(n) _____.

syllogism

The best practice is to cite the creator of anything a speaker incorporates into his or her presentation. However, public speakers do not need to cite the source of information if _____.

the information is common knowledge

______ are enduring principles related to what we view as right or wrong, important or unimportant.

values

Where should oral citations appear in a speech?

with the information being cited

The most important rule regarding source citations and public speaking is _____.

you must cite everything used from another source

What percentage of the time allocated for a speech should be dedicated to the introduction?

15%

Arranging words, phrases, and sentences in a similar and repeating pattern reflects the quality of _____.

parallelism

What percentage of the allotted speech time should be dedicated to the conclusion?

5%

What is the correct source citation for an item that has no identified author?

Begin with the first few words of the source on the source page followed by the name of the publication and page number.

The citation for Gregor's speech was "Timmons et al. 92." What does the term "et al" imply?

There were several authors for this source material

When should speakers create the introduction to their speech?

after the speech body is written

When writing a speech, citing sources is considered _____.

an ethical responsibility

What tool can a speaker use to evenly distribute support materials throughout a speech and develop links between parts of the speech?

an outline

Which of these techniques should be used to calm your anxiety right before giving a speech?

breathe deeply and slowly

A concise, single sentence that summarizes what you will say in your speech is called the _____.

central idea

Once a speaker narrows the speech topic, he or she can develop the _____ for the speech.

central idea

Which organizational strategy will help the speaker move forward or backward through a process or timeline for effect?

chronological

The style manual for the American Psychological Association is used when a speaker is _____.

citing sources

In a speech outline, the role of subpoints is to _____.

clarify or emphasize main points

Rafael is a good student but does not like being called upon in class. When a group activity forces him to participate today, he feels tense and uneasy. Rafael is experiencing _____.

communication apprehension

Likening something familiar with something new or abstract is a feature of the _____ organizational strategy.

comparative

Speaking _____ is defined in the text as how well you communicate with others.

competence

When Deklin was evaluating his classmate's speech, he noted that it did not contain a WOW statement. Which aspect of the speech is Deklin assessing?

conclusion

Matthew's teacher said that when the students were listening to the class speeches, they should evaluate the information as they hear it. What skill does the teacher want the students to use?

critical listening

The suggested mechanism for evaluation in public speaking is _____.

critical thinking

David listened carefully to the speaker and interpreted what he heard based on his knowledge of the topic. David is in the process of _____.

decoding

Sari is in the process of adding speaking cues and delivery hints to her outline. She will give her speech to the class tomorrow. Which type of outline is Sari using?

delivery

The BEST outline to use when practicing a speech is the _____ outline.

delivery

LeeAnn's speech is on the final hours of John F. Kennedy's time in office. Her informative speech will be a speech to _____.

describe

Corinna's new roommate at Boston College asked her if she had an elastic she could borrow. Corinna had no idea that her roommate was asking for a rubber band and instead handed her a ponytail holder for her hair. The word elastic meant two different things to the girls because of the regional association of the word. This is an example of a _____.

dialect

One quality that should be considered when writing main points is coordination. This means that the main points are _____.

equal to each other in weight

Roald told Evan that he disagreed with his speech because history showed that many civilians were affected by the war. Roald is providing a(n) _____ of the speech.

evaluation

Delivering a speech from an outline that you rehearsed beforehand is an example of which method of speech delivery?

extemporaneous

A preparation outline will be _____ and written in _____.

formal; full sentences

According to the text, informative speaking equates to the act of _____.

giving

Deirdre felt very anxious about giving a speech to the entire school. To help herself prepare, she sat in a comfortable chair and thought of herself walking on the beach in Hawaii where her family had vacationed last year. She thought about the gentle sound the waves made as they rolled onto the beach and the pleasant breezes on her face. What technique is Deirdre using to calm her anxiety?

guided imagery

Brenna knows that the teenagers she will be talking to have all been involved in car accidents. Brenna is demonstrating _____ knowledge.

identity

The speaker held up three fingers and said, "I'm going to give you three good reasons to adopt my proposal." This speaker is using a(n) _____.

illustrator

A speaker should begin the process of adapting to the audience and situation _____.

immediately after he or she receives the assignment

The instructor reminded the class to be unbiased when considering information for their speeches. Which benchmark for giving an informative speech is the instructor referring to?

inclusiveness

Thomas wants to cover the invention of the telephone, the demise of telephone monopolies, and the advent of cell phone technology in his speech. These three things are the _____ of his speech.

main points

During an event commemorating the Gettysburg Address, Joel is dressed as Abraham Lincoln and reads the address aloud, word for word. He tries hard to sound "presidential." This is an example of which delivery method?

manuscript

Marissa will be speaking on a complicated topic and doesn't want to forget any of the important details of her speech. Which method of delivery should she use?

manuscript

Kylie knows that her audience will include autistic adults, so she wants to plan a brief presentation that includes opportunities for the audience to stand up and sit down. Kylie is being conscientious of what makes her audience distinct, which is an example of _____.

mindfulness

Nuran wants his audience to understand the importance of good dental care. The audience understanding this idea is the _____ of Nuran's speech.

objective

Eli has been asked to give the first toast at the wedding of his friend, Patrice. In this instance, the MOST important element of the speaking situation is _____.

occasion

Trena's three main points are: I. Ways to get into college; II. Ways to pay for college; and III. Ways to use your college degree. What quality is reflected in her main points?

parallelism

Alan has been invited to give the commencement address for a local college. He is told that the topic is "Your Future" and the audience will consist of 200 graduates and their family members. What other information must Alan have in order to properly prepare his speech?

place

Marcella asked the instructor if she would be giving her speech in the auditorium or outside in the stadium. What information was Marcella asking about regarding her speech?

place

Randall knew his introduction was weak because it didn't reveal how his topic should be of concern to his listeners. Which part of the introduction does Randall need to work on?

relevance to audience

After she told the audience why it is necessary to adopt a recycling program in the community, Jenna told them that the best program would include a one-day-a-week recycling pick-up combined with a one-day-a-week garbage pick-up. Jenna's proposal for the program is an example of which stage of Monroe's motivated sequence strategy?

satisfaction

Humans from all cultures appear to share ______ universal facial expressions.

six

Which of the following symptoms is NOT indicative of anxiety?

slow breathing

Liam's speech involves a virtual tour of Colonial Williamsburg. What organizational strategy is BEST suited for Liam's speech?

spatial

The _____ is the person who initiates the message.

speaker

During the meeting, Sasha told the management team that the sales figures for last month were up by 8% and she projected that this month's figures would double last month's figures. Which type of informative speech is Sasha using?

speech to report

Rodney concluded his speech by saying, "I hope my speech today has provided you with some of the reasons why preschool education should be paid for by the federal government." What part of his conclusion does this sentence represent?

summary statement

Jamal is unhappy that his dorm does not allow outside guests to stay overnight. He decides to take up this issue with the dorm council at its next meeting. The location and time of the meeting would be what part of this communication process?

the situation

Which aspect of the speaking situation takes into account the length of the speech and the rotation of speakers?

time

The links of a speech are found within the body and are also known as _____.

transitions

Dwayne just received his speech evaluation, and was told he had great information, but needed a much stronger conclusion. Dwayne should _____.

use the information to improve his next speech

There was so much noise from the air-conditioning unit in the room that Jessa spoke louder so her audience could hear her. Which element of vocal delivery did Jessa adjust?

volume

Which type of outline is MOST informal and subject to change?

working

Which type of outline is a brief sketch of the body of the speech and includes the topic, general purpose, specific purpose, and central idea?

working