Speech Chapter 1

What are the components of an effective audience-centered public speech?

Content, structure, and delivery, as well as being conversational, intelligible, poised, and expressive.

Interpersonal communication is another term for self-talk.

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Public speaking can occur in an informal setting.

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The meaning of what a speaker is saying is almost always easy to interpret.

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What are five ethical responsibilities of public speakers?

Honesty, integrity, respect, fairness, and responsibility

How does public speaking fit into the realm of communication?

Public speaking is a form of communication which shares essential elements, namely participants, messages, feedback, channels, interference/noise, and context.

During communication, noise can occur due to physical reasons or psychological reasons.

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The participants in a communication process are known as senders and receivers.

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What is the rhetorical situation and how can it help you determine an appropriate speech goal?

The rhetorical situation is a composite of the speaker, audience, and occasion. The exigence helps to determine the goal by perceiving the need that warrants the occasion.

liberal art

a body of general knowledge needed to effectively participate in a democratic society

public speaking

a sustained formal presentation by a speaker to an audience

interference/noise

any stimulus that interferes with the process of achieving shared meaning

channels

both the route traveled by a message and the means of transportation

mediated channels

channels enhanced by audiovisual technology

intrapersonal communication

communicating with yourself (i.e., self-talk)

interpersonal communication

communication between two people

mass communication

communication produced and transmitted via media to large audiences

public communication

communication that occurs among more than ten people where one message is presented to the participants who function as receivers whose own messages are limited to feedback

pathos

everything you say and do to appeal to emotions

logos

everything you say and do to appeal to logic and sound reasoning

ethos

everything you say and do to convey competence and good character

During a lecture on police training, an audience member raises his hand and asks the speaker to clarify the last point that he made. This is an example of:

feedback.

delivery

how you use your voice and body to present your message

Newspapers and magazines are examples of:

mass communication.

messages

messages the verbal utterances, visual images, and nonverbal behaviors to which meaning is attributed during communication

ethics

moral principles that a society, group, or individual hold that differentiate right from wrong and good behavior from bad behavior

senders

participants who form and transmit messages using verbal symbols and nonverbal behaviors

receivers

participants who interpret the messages sent by others

plagiarism

passing off the ideas, words, or created works of another as one's own by failing to credit the source

All of the following are basic elements of the communication process EXCEPT:

poise.

What is the nature and purpose of public speaking as a liberal art?

public speaking is a civic right essential for citizens to participate in a democracy and to live freely.

virtual presence

simulated presence made possible through the use of digital technology

exigence

some real or perceived need that a speech might help address

The source or originator of a speech is the:

speaker.

listener-relevance links

statements informing listeners of how and why they should be interested in or care about an idea

transitions

statements that verbally summarize one main point in a speech and introduce the next one

rhetorical situation

the composite of the occasion, speaker, and the audience that influences the speech that is given

communication context

the environment in which communication occurs

civic rights

the essential conditions for individuals to live happy and successful lives

occasion

the expected purpose for a speech and the setting, or location, in which the speech is given

structure

the framework that organizes the speech content

participants

the individuals who assume the roles of senders and receivers during an interaction

content

the information and ideas presented in the speech

small group communication

the interaction that occurs in a group of approximately three to ten people

macrostructure

the overall organizational framework you use to present your speech content

communication

the process of creating shared meaning

decoding

the process of interpreting the verbal and nonverbal messages sent by others

audience analysis

the process of learning about the diverse characteristics of audience members and then, based on these characteristics, to predict how audience members are apt to listen to, understand, and be motivated to act on your speech

encoding

the process of putting our thoughts and feelings into words and nonverbal behaviors

audience adaptation

the process of tailoring your message to address exigence in terms of their unique interests, needs, and expectations

feedback

the reactions and responses to messages that indicate to the sender whether and how a message was heard, seen, and interpreted

speaker

the source or originator of the speech

audience

the specific group of people to whom your speech is directed

microstructure

the specific language and style you use within the sentences of your speech

All of the following are principles that ethical speakers should follow EXCEPT:

to keep their speeches short.