Speech: Exam 1

An appeal to action is most appropriate in the conclusion of a(n) __________ speech. a. informative b. after-dinner c. acceptance d. commemorative e. persuasive

persuasive

"To persuade my audience that public officials should act now to upgrade the 911 emergency phone system" is a specific purpose statement for a persuasive speech on a question of ______________.

policy

"The three major factors to consider when purchasing a bicycle are the kind of riding you plan to do, the amount of riding you plan to do, and the amount of money you are willing to spend" is an example of a a. specific purpose. b. central idea. c. transition. d. general purpose. e. topic statement.

central idea.

Define five of the following eight aspects of vocal delivery and explain their importance to effective public speaking: a. volume b. pitch c. rate d. pauses e. vocal variety f. articulation g. pronunciation h. dialect

1. Volume - loudness & softness 2. Pitch - highness or lowness 3. Rate - speed 4. Pauses - momentary break in the vocal delivery without vocalizing the pause (uh, er, um, you know, like) 5. Vocal variety - changes in rate, pitch, & volume that gives the voice variety and expressiveness 6. Pronunciation - accepted standard of sound and rhythm for words 7. Articulation - physical production of a particular speech sound 8. Dialect - variety of a language distinguished by variations of accent, grammar, vocabulary

Which of the following does your textbook recommend when you need to speak impromptu? a. Maintain eye contact with the audience. b. Use signposts to help listeners keep track of your ideas. c. Tell the audience how nervous you are. d. all of the above e. a and b only

a and b only

Which of the following is least likely to gain the attention and interest of the audience? a. a rhetorical question b. an intriguing statement c. a lengthy quotation d. striking statistics e. a personal story

a lengthy quotation

Which of the following would probably be the best kind of visual aid to show the proportion of deaths last year that resulted from accidents, illnesses, natural causes, and homicides? a. a line graph b. a chart c. a photograph d. a pie graph e. a diagram

a pie graph

Which of the following is an instance of persuasive speaking? a. a president of a company presenting an award to an outstanding employee b. a marketing manager explaining a new product to the company's sales force c. a personnel manager defining employee benefits at a meeting of workers d. a union representative urging management to avoid a strike by raising wages e. a finance officer reporting sales figures to the board of directors

a union representative urging management to avoid a strike by raising wages

According to your textbook, the following statement is an example of what type of fallacy? If you let the postal service eliminate Saturday delivery, then it's only a matter of time until there's no mail delivery at all. a. invalid analogy b. bandwagon c. slippery slope d. red herring e. appeal to tradition

slippery slope

According to your textbook, the questions listeners ask when judging an informative speech include a. Is the information communicated clearly? b. Is the information communicated accurately? c. Is the information made meaningful and interesting to the audience? d. All of these answers are correct. e. Both Is the information communicated clearly? and Is the information communicated accurately?

All of these answers are correct.

According to your textbook, when citing sources during a speech, a speaker should usually identify the a. book, magazine, newspaper, or Web document being cited. b. author or sponsoring organization responsible for the document. c. qualifications of the author with regard to the topic. d. All of these answers are correct. e. Both author or sponsoring organization responsible for the document and qualifications of the author with regard to the topic.

All of these answers are correct.

According to your textbook, when evaluating statistics you should ask whether they a. are from a reliable source. b. use statistical measures correctly. c. are representative of what they claim to measure. d. All of these answers are correct. e. Both use statistical measures correctly and are representative of what they claim to measure.

All of these answers are correct.

According to your textbook, when you use statistics in a speech, you should a. cite the source of your statistics. b. use exact figures instead of rounding off. c. get statistics from a reliable source. d. All of these answers are correct. e. Both cite the source of your statistics and get statistics from a reliable source.

Both cite the source of your statistics and get statistics from a reliable source.

Sandra is giving a presentation in her physics class and is worried about what she should do with her hands. Which of the following recommendations would she find in your textbook? a. Gesture toward the audience with an open palm during the introduction. b. Hold your hands tightly in front of you to prevent distracting gestures. c. Focus on communicating, and your gestures will usually take care of themselves. d. all of the above e. a and c only

Focus on communicating, and your gestures will usually take care of themselves.

__________ are especially valuable for showing an audience statistical trends and patterns. a. Models b. Diagrams c. Transparencies d. Blueprints e. Graphs

Graphs

_______________ plagiarism occurs when a speaker fails to give credit for particular parts of the speech that are borrowed from other people.

Incremental

Jamal attended the campus president's speech about tuition increases, while Mary listened to a podcast of the speech in her car. Later, Mary said she thought the president's words stated clearly that he opposed an increase in tuition. But Jamal said that the way the president avoided looking at students when he talked about tuition made it seem the president actually supported an increase in tuition. The difference in the messages Mary and Jamal received most likely resulted from the fact that: a.) Jamal is a better listener than Mary. b.) Mary and Jamal both experienced feedback. c.) Mary and Jamal received the message through different channels. d.) Mary and Jamal are majoring in different subjects. e.) Mary is a better listener than Jamal.

Mary and Jamal received the message through different channels.

Representing someone else's information in a speech or paper as though it were your own is called ______________.

Plagiarism

Which of the following is a correctly worded main point for a speech preparation outline? a. Myths about day care. b. Is day care good for children? c. The pros and cons of day care: research results. d. Research shows that there are both advantages and disadvantages to day care. e. Knowing the advantages and disadvantages of day care for your child.

Research shows that there are both advantages and disadvantages to day care.

Which of the following does your textbook recommend as a way to deal with nervousness in your speeches? a.) Concentrate on thinking about your stage fright. b.) Work especially hard on your conclusion. c.) Avoid making eye contact with your audience. d.) Try to generate extra adrenaline as you speak. e.) Think of your speech as an act of communication.

Think of your speech as an act of communication.

What does your textbook advise regarding the ethical use of emotional appeals in a persuasive speech? a. Restrict emotional appeals to the conclusion of the speech. b. Use emotional appeals on topics that do not lend themselves to reasoning. c. Avoid emotional appeals when speaking on a question of policy. d. Limit emotional appeals to speeches using Monroe's motivated sequence. e. Use emotional appeals to supplement your evidence and reasoning.

Use emotional appeals to supplement your evidence and reasoning.

Sloppy _______________ is the failure to form particular speech sounds crisply and distinctly.

articulation

According to your textbook, saying "dunno" instead of "don't know" is an error in a. accent. b. articulation. c. vocalization. d. intonation. e. emphasis.

articulation.

The ad hominem fallacy a. attacks the person rather than dealing with the real issue in dispute. b. assumes that complex events have only a single cause. c. claims that because something is popular, it is therefore correct. d. All of these answers are correct. e. Both assumes that complex events have only a single cause and claims that because something is popular, it is therefore correct.

attacks the person rather than dealing with the real issue in dispute.

As your textbook explains, ethnocentrism means: a.) showing respect to other groups and cultures. b.) recognizing that listeners are interested in how a topic relates to them. c.) believing one's own group or culture is superior to all other groups or cultures. d.) insisting that listeners share a speaker's frame of reference. e.) agreeing with the values and practices of other groups and cultures.

believing one's own group or culture is superior to all other groups or cultures.

If you are planning to use presentation technology in a speech, you should a. assume that all the equipment in the room will work fine. b. bring a backup copy of your slides on a flash drive. c. distribute handouts of your slides to the audience. d. all of the above. e. b and c only.

bring a backup copy of your slides on a flash drive.

As a specific purpose statement, "To inform my audience about computer technology" is too a. figurative. b. broad. c. trivial. d. impersonal. e. detailed.

broad.

According to your textbook, _______________ reasoning seeks to establish the relationship between causes and effects.

causal

"To inform my audience about the history of Halloween observances" is a specific purpose statement for an informative speech about a(n) a. object. b. event. c. process. d. concept. e. situation.

event.

As the size of your audience increases, your presentation should usually become more a. formal. b. flexible. c. extemporaneous. d. punctual. e. informal.

formal.

A ringing cell phone or an audience member browsing the Web on her laptop during a speech are examples of which element in the speech communication process? a.) channel b.) message c.) feedback d.) interference e.) confusion

interference

Which of the following is the second step in Monroe's motivated sequence? a. plan b. satisfaction c. attention d. action e. need

need

As explained in your textbook, the two major functions of a speech conclusion are to a. signal the end of the speech and thank the audience for attending. b. reinforce the central idea and establish the speaker's credibility. c. thank the audience for attending and apologize for any mistakes in the speech. d. signal the end of the speech and reinforce the speaker's central idea. e. repeat the preview statement and review the speaker's visual aids.

signal the end of the speech and reinforce the speaker's central idea.

The ____________ fallacy assumes that taking a first step will lead to subsequent steps that cannot be prevented.

slippery slope

What are the three types of plagiarism discussed in your textbook? Give a hypothetical example of each type.

1. patchwork plagiarism- occurs when a speaker copies passages from a few sources and strings them together in a speech. 2. global plagiarism- occurs when a speaker steals a speech entirely from another source and passes it off as his or her own. 3. incremental plagiarism- occurs when a speaker fails to give credit for particular parts of the speech that are borrowed from other people.

Your textbook provides five tips for writing specific purpose statements. Identify and briefly explain four of them.

??????? Meet assignment? Accomplish in time allotted? Relevant to audience? Too trivial for audience? Too technical for audience?

Antonio is researching his informative speech on Stonehenge. According to your textbook, Antonio should a. make a preliminary bibliography. b. think about his research materials as he is gathering them. c. distinguish among direct quotations, paraphrases, and his own ideas. d. All of these answers are correct. e. Both make a preliminary bibliography and distinguish among direct quotations, paraphrases, and his own ideas.

All of these answers are correct.

Outlining is important to public speaking because an outline helps a speaker a. judge whether each part of the speech is fully developed. b. ensure that ideas flow clearly from one to another. c. solidify the structure of a speech. d. All of these answers are correct. e. Both ensure that ideas flow clearly from one to another and solidify the structure of a speech.

All of these answers are correct.

To avoid plagiarism when using information from an Internet document in your speech, your textbook recommends that you keep a record of: a.) the title of the document. b.)the author or organization responsible for the document. c.) the search engine you used to find the site. d.) All of these answers are correct. e.) Both the title of the document and the author or organization responsible for the document.

All of these answers are correct.

Which of the following questions should you ask about the sponsoring organization of an Internet document? a. Is the organization economically unbiased with respect to the issue? b. Is the organization objective in its research and fair- minded in its statements? c. Does the organization have a history of accuracy and nonpartisanship? d. All of these answers are correct. e. Both Is the organization economically unbiased with respect to the issue? and Is the organization objective in its research and fair-minded in its statements?

All of these answers are correct.

Which of the following would you expect to find in a well-constructed speech introduction? a. a statement establishing the speaker's credibility b. a statement gaining the audience's attention c. a statement previewing the main points of the speech d. All of these answers are correct. e. Both a statement establishing the speaker's credibility and a statement gaining the audience's attention.

All of these answers are correct.

Which of the following does your textbook recommend that you do when rehearsing your first speech? a.) Memorize the speech word for word. b.) Ask family members or friends for feedback. c.) Read over the speech silently until you are sure you know it. d.) All of these answers are correct. e.) Both memorize the speech word for word and read over the speech silently until you are sure you know it.

Ask family members or friends for feedback.

As your textbook explains, signposts are especially useful for a. focusing attention on key ideas. b. indicating exactly where you are in a speech. c. supporting your main points. d. All of these answers are correct. e. Both focusing attention on key ideas and indicating exactly where you are in a speech.

Both focusing attention on key ideas and indicating exactly where you are in a speech.

As discussed in your textbook, delivery cues on a speaking outline may include a. bibliographic citations. b. highlighting of key phrases. c. words such as "pause." d. All of these answers are correct. e. Both highlighting of key phrases and words such as "pause."

Both highlighting of key phrases and words such as "pause."

Which of the following is discussed in your textbook as a guideline for effective informative speaking? a. Relate the subject directly to the audience. b. Use at least one visual aid with each main point. c. Don't overestimate what the audience knows. d. All of these answers are correct. e. Both relate the subject directly to the audience and don't overestimate what the audience knows.

Both relate the subject directly to the audience and don't overestimate what the audience knows.

Which of the following is discussed in your textbook as a guideline for effective informative speaking? a. Avoid talking about your personal experience. b. Use chronological organization whenever possible. c. Relate to the audience by speaking in technical terms. d. Use abstract language to clarify complex ideas. e. Don't overestimate what the audience knows.

Don't overestimate what the audience knows.

Which of the following does your textbook recommend as a way to steer clear of incremental plagiarism? a.) Do most of the research for your speech at the library. b.) Assign a number to each of the sources you use in your speech. c.) When taking notes, distinguish among quotations, paraphrases, and your ideas. d.) Avoid paraphrasing the research materials you use in your speech. e.) Be sure to include a complete bibliography at the end of your speech.

When taking notes, distinguish among quotations, paraphrases, and your ideas.

The specific purpose of Stephanie's informative speech is "To inform my audience about economics." Are there any flaws in Stephanie's specific purpose? a. No. Stephanie has a strong specific purpose statement. b. Yes. Stephanie's specific purpose is too impersonal. c. Yes. Stephanie's specific purpose is written as a statement rather than a question. d. Yes. Stephanie's specific purpose mentions her audience. e. Yes. Stephanie's specific purpose is too broad.

Yes. Stephanie's specific purpose is too broad.

According to your textbook, visual aids are most effective when they are a. integrated with the rest of the speech. b. explained clearly and concisely. c. passed among the audience. d. all of the above. e. a and b only

a and b only

Which of the following is inappropriate in a speech to inform? a.) advocating b.) explaining c.) reporting d.) demonstrating e.) telling

advocating

If you were giving a speech to a general audience on the topic of Elvis Presley, the most important demographic factor to consider in analyzing your audience would probably be its a. religion. b. age. c. gender. d. education. e. sexual orientation.

age.

According to your textbook, the following statement is an example of what type of fallacy? Everyone runs red lights when they're in a hurry, so there's no reason I shouldn't do it, too. a. slippery slope b. hasty generalization c. false cause d. either-or e. bandwagon

bandwagon

Which of the following does your textbook recommend as a way to deal with nervousness in your speeches? a.) Remember that your nervousness is not usually visible to your audience. b.) Concentrate on communicating with the audience rather than on your nerves. c.) As you rehearse, visualize yourself giving a successful speech. d.) All of these answers are correct. e.) Both concentrate on communicating with the audience rather than on your nerves and as you rehearse, visualize yourself giving a successful speech.

d.) All of these answers are correct.

One of the ways speakers analyze audiences is by looking at traits such as age, gender, sexual orientation, religion, group membership, and racial, ethnic and cultural background. According to your textbook, what is this called? a. demographic audience analysis b. psychological audience analysis c. background audience analysis d. situational audience analysis e. descriptive audience analysis

demographic audience analysis

When taking research notes, you should a. take only a few notes so you do not get too much information. b. put all the notes from each source on a single index card or sheet of paper. c. distinguish among quotations, paraphrases, and your own ideas. d. record notes only when you're sure you'll use the information in your speech. e. All of these answers are correct.

distinguish among quotations, paraphrases, and your own ideas.

A carefully prepared and rehearsed speech that is presented from a brief set of notes is called a(n) __________ speech. a.) extemporaneous b.) spontaneous c.) transitional d.) contemporaneous e.) informative

extemporaneous

When you use the __________ method of delivery, you become so familiar with the substance of your speech that you need only a few brief notes to jog your memory. a.) traditional b.) spontaneous c.) personal d.) informative e.) extemporaneous

extemporaneous

Because they send such revealing nonverbal messages, we think of the ____________ as "the windows of the soul."

eyes

"To persuade my audience that the use of mobile communication devices by drivers—even when they are hands-free—is contributing to an increase in automobile accidents" is a specific purpose statement for a persuasive speech on a question of a. policy. b. attitude. c. fact. d. value. e. opinion.

fact.

As explained in your textbook, the central idea of a speech should be a. phrased as a question. b. free of figurative language. c. determined before the specific purpose. d. All of these answers are correct. e. Both phrased as a question and free of figurative language.

free of figurative language.

Leung began the introduction of his informative speech with these words: How many of you just can't wait until spring break? How many of you plan to hit the road about a minute after your last class lets out? How many of you are looking forward to having a great time? Which objective of a speech introduction were these words designed to fulfill? a. reveal the topic of the speech b. indicate the importance of the topic c. gain the attention of the audience d. enhance the credibility of the speaker e. preview the main points of the speech

gain the attention of the audience

According to your textbook, the first thing a speaker needs to do in the introduction of a speech is to: a.) identify the topic of the speech. b.) tell the audience his or her name. c.) get the interest and attention of the audience. d.) preview the purpose of the speech. e.) explain the speech assignment.

get the interest and attention of the audience.

According to your textbook, what kind of supporting materials is used in the following speech excerpt: Imagine this: You have spent most of the night studying for an exam. But when you get up the next morning ready to take the test, you go to your front door and it won't open. So you head to the back door, and it won't open either. You are stuck in the house. It would be pretty frustrating, wouldn't it? This is exactly the kind of frustration wheelchair-bound students feel when they can't get to class because of the snow. a. emotional example b. causal example c. metaphorical example d. synthetic example e. hypothetical example

hypothetical example

The main points in a preparation outline are a. identified by Roman numerals. b. identified by capital letters. c. located farther to the right than subpoints. d. identified by Arabic numbers. e. written in phrases, not full sentences.

identified by Roman numerals.

According to your textbook, __________ plagiarism occurs when the speech as a whole is ethical but the speaker fails to give credit for particular quotations and paraphrases. a.) incidental b.) informative c.) inferential d.) invalid e.) incremental

incremental

According to your textbook, if the following statement occurred in the body of the speech, it would be an example of what kind of connective? Let's pause for a moment to see what we have found thus far. First we have seen that America's criminal justice system does not effectively deter crime. Second we have seen that prison programs to rehabilitate criminals have failed. a. internal summary b. transition c. bridge d. internal preview e. enumeration

internal summary

The ______________, popularly called the average, is determined by adding up all the items in a group and dividing by the number of items.

mean

If the object you want to use as a visual aid is not available, the next best option ideally is a a. model. b. chart. c. slide. d. photograph. e. drawing.

model.

Julio's persuasive speech contained the following statement: Shortages of prescription drugs have tripled between 2007 and 2014, according to the New York Times. In a survey of 214 doctors who regularly prescribe drugs for cancer patients, the New England Journal of Medicine reported that almost 83 percent couldn't prescribe their preferred chemotherapy drug sometime within the last six months. More than half of those doctors said they had to substitute a more expensive brand-name drug as a result. Which of the three basic issues of persuasive speeches on questions of policy did Julio address in this excerpt? a. visualization b. satisfaction c. practicality d. need e. plan

need

According to your textbook, when is it appropriate to cite an abstract of a magazine or journal article in your speech rather than locating and reading the full article? a. never b. when the article is more than five years old c. when the article is not available on a computerized database d. when the only copy of the article is on the bookshelves e. when the article is short enough to be summarized in one paragraph

never

According to your textbook, the following is an example of which type of audience-analysis question? "Explain why you believe that capital punishment is moral or immoral." a. short-answer question b. scale question c. informal question d. free-response question e. open-ended question

open-ended question

If you were constructing an audience-analysis questionnaire and wanted to learn why some of your listeners had not signed organ donor cards, which of the following would be the best kind of question to ask? a. demographic question b. open-ended question c. leading question d. scale question e. fixed-alternative question

open-ended question

A detailed outline for the planning stage of a speech is called a _______________ outline.

preparation

If the following connective were used between the two main points of a persuasive speech, the speech would most likely be organized in __________ order. We've seen the costs to our economy of dependence on foreign oil; now let's look at some solutions. a. causal b. analytical c. problem-solution Correct d. consecutive e. topical

problem-solution

"To inform my audience how to make genuine French croissants" is a specific purpose statement for a speech about a(n) a. object. b. process. c. function. d. procedure. e. concept.

process.

Explain two ways in which public speaking and conversation differ, and two ways in which they are similar.

similar: Public speaking is similar to everyday conversation because you have to organize your thoughts logically, you have to tailor the message to your audience, you must tell a story for maximum impact and you have to adapt to feedback.. Different: Public speaking is more highly structured, it requires more formal language and it requires different method of delivery.

The following main points are arranged in _______________ order. I. The raised right arm and torch of the Statue of Liberty symbolize America's role as a beacon light of liberty to people the world over. II. The body of the Statue of Liberty is lined with staircases, which give a good view of the inside contours. III. The base of the Statue of Liberty contains a plaque with the poignant lines beginning "Give me your tired, your poor . . . ."

spatial

In an informative speech, the speaker acts as a(n) a. advocate. b. entertainer. c. teacher. d. motivator. e. evaluator.

teacher.

If your specific purpose statement were "To inform my audience about the three major types of sleep disorders," you would probably organize your speech in __________ order. a. topical b. chronological c. spatial d. comparative e. causal

topical

Which organizational pattern would probably be most effective for arranging the main points of a speech with the specific purpose "To inform my audience about the major commercial uses of drones"? a. analytical b. topical c. causal d. spatial e. chronological

topical

According to your textbook, "Just as the frame of Vienna's tennis racket represents the structure of her family, the strings of her racket symbolize the ties that bind her family together" is an example of a: a.) conversion. b.) transition. c.) bridge. d.) correlation. e.) relation.

transition.

According to your textbook, when using PowerPoint slides in a speech, you should a. try to come up with a slide for every point in the speech. b. use slides only where they are needed to communicate your ideas. c. write your outline on the slides so the audience can read along with you. d. all of the above. e. a and b only.

use slides only where they are needed to communicate your ideas.

"To persuade my audience that it is unethical for businesses to use lie detector tests to pry into employees' private lives" is a specific purpose statement for a persuasive speech on a question of ______________.

value

A __________ is a search engine that combines Internet technology with traditional library methods of cataloguing and assessing data. a. cybercatalogue b. metasearch engine c. virtual library d. reference locator e. web crawler

virtual library