Speech final exam (***=t/f)

false

***You should use presentational aids when you would like to cover material that you think is important but you're not sure you'll have time to cover during your speech.

false

***Your attire will not affect your speech one way or another.

self-fulfilling prophecy

A _____ is an inaccurate perception of a skill, characteristic, or situation that leads to behaviors that perpetuate that false perception as true.

the information presented adds fresh insights to a familiar topic.

An audience perceives an informative speech to be intellectually stimulating when:

feminine

Ashlee prefers taking care of her children to being a working mother. She also volunteers in service organizations. It can be inferred that Ashlee is likely to be from a _____ culture.

lexicon

Each verbal language consists of a __________, a collection of works and expressions.

developing a hierarchy of steps.

Effective demonstrations require:

a hasty generalization

Ella was bullied by one of her classmates on her first day of school. After this incident, she did not talk to anyone else at school. At home, when her mother asked her how she liked her classmates, Ella said, "All my friends are very mean!" Which of the following fallacies best illustrates this scenario?

neutral

Eric is giving a speech on dolphins. His audience is familiar with the characteristics of dolphins, but they do not know how dolphins communicate with each other. In this scenario, Eric's audience is:

refrain from gossiping, bullying, and spreading rumors.

Ethical communicators:

idiolect

Every person's _____ is unique to him- or herself.

He can dress formally and appropriately when delivering the speech

Fabian is delivering a speech on modern architectures. In this scenario, which of the following is an effective strategy to increase his derived credibility?

incompatible communication codes

Miriam stays in a dormitory with students from various ethnic groups. One of the students asks Miriam if she knows the way to the school canteen. Miriam looks confused because she identifies the canteen with the word "cafeteria." In this scenario, which of the following barriers to intercultural communication is Miriam facing?

A highly persuasive speaker has greater terminal credibility than initial credibility.

Which of the following is an accurate statement about the credibility of a speaker?

Writing the information in large lettering

Which of the following is an effective strategy to develop speaking notes?

The material required for a complex process can be pre-prepared.

Which of the following is an effective strategy to employ in a demonstration?

Holding them in one hand and referring to them when needed

Which of the following is an effective strategy to use speaking notes during speeches?

It involves doing good research, taking time, and practicing productive thinking.

Which of the following is true of a creative informative speech?

They are aggressive behaviors that damage self-esteem.

Which of the following is true of bullying and cyberbullying?

Messages are formed and interpreted in different ways.

Which of the following is true of intercultural communication?

Inequalities in power and status are muted.

Which of the following is true of low power-distance cultures?

Feedback changes the manner in which we think about ourselves.

Which of the following is true of our self-concept?

They act in the best interest of their group and group harmony.

Which of the following is true of people in collectivist cultures?

They create systems of formal rules to provide more security and reduce risk

Which of the following is true of people who belong to high uncertainty-avoidance cultures?

He should present the presentational aids throughout his speech.

Pedro is giving a speech about marine life. He has prepared many presentational aids like slide-shows, models, and handouts. In this scenario, which of the following strategies will help Pedro to effectively handle his presentational aids?

function

Pedro is giving a speech on robotics. He starts his speech by stating that a robot is a machine that is capable of carrying out simple to complex actions. In the given scenario, Pedro defines a robot by its _____.

value relationships more than schedules.

People in polychronic cultures:

They demonstrate appropriate abilities and personality characteristics based on the situation.

Which of the following is true of people with interdependent self-perceptions?

Families are central to the development of positive self-esteem in an individual

Which of the following is true of self-esteem?

It influences how we have conversations about others to ourselves.

Which of the following is true of self-perception?

Too many vocalized pauses can distract listeners

Which of the following is true of vocalized pauses?

comparison and contrast

Which of the following methods of informing focuses on how something is similar to and different from other things?

All cultures engage in body modification of some kind They are a type of nonverbal communication. Body modifications often signal social status or group membership ALL OF THESE ARE TRUE OF BODY MODIFICATION

Which of the following statements is true of body art such as tattoos and piercings?

They can help in animating a speech.

Which of the following statements is true of effective facial expressions?

Audience members tend to listen to and think about proposals that make them happy.

Which of the following statements is true of positive emotions?

They can lead to the discrimination of people.

Which of the following statements is true of prejudices?

They contain the fewest words possible.

Which of the following statements is true of speaking notes?

Jane says "um" when she cannot think of the word she means.

Which of these is an example of a vocalized pause?

"Each student should sign the honor pledge on his or her exam."

Which of these statements is an example of using inclusive language?

rate

While giving a speech, Beatrice used pauses strategically, spoke loud enough for everyone to hear, and used a perfect tone. However, she spoke too fast for her audience to be able to understand a few of her more complex ideas. In this scenario, Beatrice should moderate her _____ of speech to improve intelligibility

A spontaneous expression

While playing, Marcie exclaimed, "Ouch!" as she slipped in the mud and fell down. Marvin immediately asked, "Are you alright?" When she said, "No!" Marvin carefully said, "All right," "This is a new situation. Why don't we go find a hose and try to clean you off?" In this scenario, Marvin's message is an example of _____.

self-perception

While still learning to drive, Jane accidentally drove into another car. Although she survived the accident, Jane still considers herself to be a poor driver. As a result, she has not driven since. In this scenario, it can be said that Jane's experience has affected her _____.

culture

_____ is the system of shared values, beliefs, attitudes, and norms that guides what is considered appropriate among an identifiable group of people.

masculine culture

Raul is an ambitious businessman who values self-reliance and material success. However, he expects his wife to stay at home and attend to household chores and raising their children. Based on this information, Raul can be said to be from a _____.

Intercultural empathy

_____ means imaginatively placing yourself in another person's cultural world and attempting to experience what he or she is experiencing.

incongruence

_____ refers to a gap between self-perception and reality.

small-group communication

_____ typically involves three to 20 people who come together to communicate with one another.

physical context

Ronnie had a violin recital at his school. He played beautifully, but the acoustics in the room were so bad that only the people in the first few rows could hear him. This is an example of failed communication because Ronnie did not take into account the _____.

relevant

_________ information refers to the information that is new to audience members and piques interest.

terminal credibility

_________ refers to the perception of a speaker's expertise at the end of a speech.

mindfulness

____________ is the practice of paying attention to what is happening at any given moment during a conversation.

"I'm as sick as a dog."

which of the following is an idiom?

false

***When we know we want to be at a dinner party on time, we are operating under polychronic time orientation.

true

*** Delivery is how a message is communicated orally and visually through the use of voice and body.

true

*** Public speaking apprehension is the level of fear we experience when anticipating or actually speaking to an audience.

false

***A monotone is achieved by changing pitch, volume, and rate; stressing certain words; and using pauses strategically.

false

***A person's culture has very little influence on his or her self-perception.

true

***A word can be defined by classifying it and differentiating it from similar words or ideas.

true

***Altruistic people focus on the needs and contribution of both parties involved in a conversation.

false

***An indirect verbal style is characterized by language that openly states a speaker's intention in a straightforward and unambiguous way.

true

***Before giving a speech, it will help to analyze one's audience and tailor one's proposition based on their initial attitude toward the topic.

true

***Body movements can be used to take the place of a word or phrase.

true

***Concrete words are sense-related. We use concrete words to describe what we can see, smell, touch, hear or taste.

false

***Denotative meanings reflect our emotions and experiences, whereas connotative meanings reflect the dictionary definition.

false

***Direct eye contact is universally accepted as appropriate

false

***Emoticons are a type of verbal communication.

false

***Even a well-written speech can bore an audience unless its delivery is intelligible, meaning that it is lively and dynamic.

true

***Having some fear or apprehension makes us better speakers.

true

***In high- context cultures, much of the speaker's message is conveyed indirectly and can be accurately interpreted only by referring to unwritten cultural rules and subtle nonverbal behaviors.

true

***In the process of interpretation, the brain assigns meaning to information.

false

***Intercultural communication cannot occur within one's own culture.

false

***Interpersonal communication usually occurs through mass media.

false

***Jargon and slang are appropriate in most situations.

false

***Listeners automatically recognize how and in what ways information will benefit them.

false

***Members of a polychronic culture are less likely to be late for appointments.

true

***Nonverbals make up approximately 65 percent of the meaning in face-to-face communication.

false

***People who experience traitlike communication apprehension feel anxious about speaking only with a certain person or group of people.

false

***Physical appearance does not communicate any nonverbal message.

true

***Sharing meaning can be difficult because language is arbitrary, abstract, and constantly changing.

false

***Speaking notes do not include cues about delivery

true

***Speeches can be memorable when specific goals and main points are emphasized.

true

***Synchronicity is the extent to which a channel allows for immediate feedback.

false

***The main role of feedback is to avoid semantic noise.

true

***Trying to decide for oneself on what food to eat is an example of intrapersonal communication.

false

***We are more likely to self-monitor when we are familiar with a situation.

true

***We can improve our messages by choosing words that make our meaning clear and language that makes a message memorable and demonstrates sensitivity.

true

***We choose to pay attention to information that is relevant to us.

true

***What is considered competent communication in one culture may not be true of another culture.

false

***When we cross into an unfamiliar cultural environment, everything about the unfamiliar culture will be different from our own.

new words are invented. existing words are abandoned. aspects of multiple languages are blended together. ALL OF THESE

A language changes when _______________.

a small group that speaks a common dialect

A speech community is _______________.

ad hominem fallacy

A(n) _____ attacks or praises the person making the argument rather than addressing the argument itself.

antonym

A(n) _____ is a word that has the opposite meaning of a word.

extemporaneous speech

A(n) _____ is one that is researched and planned ahead of time, but the exact wording is not scripted and will vary somewhat from presentation to presentation.

false cause

A(n) _____ occurs when the alleged cause does not in fact produce the effect.

ideal self-concept

A(n) _____ refers to what we would like to be.

the primary way we convey our emotions.

According to the textbook, nonverbal communication is ____________.

encouraging her audience to perform a relevant activity during her speech.

Audrey is preparing a speech for a group of students who prefer to learn through the doing dimension. Audrey can appeal to her audience's learning style by:

territorial space

Craig is a brawny fifth grader. In his school bus, he usually sits on the seat behind the driver. When any other kid occupies that seat, he gets annoyed and bullies the kid to switch seats. In this case, Craig maintains ____.

expectations

Before interviewing one of the candidates for a position in his company, Ben was informed that the candidate had performed exceptionally well in her aptitude test for the job. During the interview, Ben saw the candidate in a very positive light. Although the candidate made a few mistakes, Ben passed them off. In this scenario, Ben's perception of the candidate was based on his _____.

achieves its goals

Communication is effective when it:

situational attribution

Dawson and Emily go to the same high school. Emily is very attractive and outgoing. On seeing her, Dawson assumes that she is also smart and popular. In this scenario, Dawson's assumption is an example of _____.

a conversational style

During Ashlee's speech, she talks with the same inflections, pauses, and other qualities she uses when talking to friends even though her speech is carefully planned and rehearsed. Ashlee's speech has ______.

psychological

During class, Adam could not concentrate on the lecture because he was thinking of a movie that he watched the previous night. In this scenario, Adam is distracted from the lecture due to _____.

posture

During her job interview, when Kaitlin began to discuss her previous work experience, the interviewer leaned forward to show interest. This movement is best described as a change in _______

pitch

During her job interview, when Sadie began to discuss her professional achievements, her voice raised. In the context of paralanguage, this change in her voice is best described as a change in _____

stand for a particular object, idea, or feeling.

For a word to have meaning, it must:

Interpersonal communication occurs between two people, whereas intrapersonal communication takes place only in our minds.

Which of the following is a difference between interpersonal and intrapersonal communication?

varies in situations

In the context of haptics, touching behavior:

When people in an audience are angered, they are motivated to "redeem" themselves

In the context of negative emotions, which of the following is true of invoking anger?

intonation

In the context of paralanguage, _____ is the variety, melody, or inflection in one's voice.

our brain organizes and assigns meaning to information

In the perception process, through attention and selection, _____.

relate to what we do not expect to see.

In the perception process, we are likely to miss the stimuli that:

combining his ideas in different ways.

Joffin is interested in physical fitness and politics. When he is in the process of identifying speech topics for an speech competition, he creates a speech topic that involves both his interests. In this case, Joffin is practicing productive thinking by:

assumed similarity

Lucia travelled from the United States to Kwan Islands. When she went to a restaurant, she expecte to find a full breakfast in the menu, but she was disappointed because only a few restaurants served a full breakfast. In this scenario, Lucia's disappointment is due to _____.

denotative meaning

Madison looks up the dictionary to find the meaning of the word "restitution." In this case, she is looking for the _____ of the word.

historical context

Marsha and Rachel went shopping for clothes. Marsha bought a new pair of jeans. The following day, Marsha, Rachel, and Markus met for coffee. Upon seeing Marsha in her new jeans, Rachel exclaimed, "Oh! You wore the new ones." Marsha nodded and smiled, but Markus had no idea what they were talking about. In this scenario, Markus did not understand the meaning of "the new ones", because he did not know the _____ of their communication.

An audience perceives an informative speech to be intellectually stimulating when:

Which of the following is a way to deliver an intellectually stimulating speech when an audience is already familiar with a speaker's topic?

making her thoughts visible.

Sandra is interested in public speaking. In order to make her speeches creative, she needs to think productively. Sandra can become better at productive thinking by:

small-group communication

Sara's family meet every weekend for dinner. When they meet, they talk about each other and what happened during the week. In this case, Sara's family is involved in _____.

specificity

Saying "three-bedroom ranch" instead of "house" is a matter of word:

physical traits that are biologically determined.

Sex consists of:

confrontation phase

The _____ is the surge of anxiety we feel as we begin delivering a speech.

narration

_____ is a method of informing that recounts an autobiographical or biographical event, myth, or other story.

comparative advantages pattern

The _____ attempts to convince others that something has more value than something else.

synonyms

The quickest way to define something is by using _____.

Which of the following is true of target audience members who are uninformed about a speaker's topic?

They do not possess the basic information needed to form an opinion on the topic

is delivered to large segments of the population at the same time.

Unlike public communication, mass communication:

noise

_____ is any stimulus that interferes with the process of achieving shared meaning.

yourself giving a great speech

Visualization involves picturing _________.

context

Wade leaves his home in California to visit his pen pal who lives in Asia. Though his friend's family speaks English, Wade notices that his hosts speak very politely but slightly ambiguously. Wade is used to people saying exactly what they mean and getting to the point quickly. Which of the following cultural distinctions is seen in the given scenario?

The speaker should only expect that the opinion of the target audience members will move a little bit in his or her direction.

What should a speaker do if the target audience members are very much opposed to the speaker's speech goal?

culture shock

When Katie moved from Boston to London, she had a difficult time adapting to the new culture. She felt unable to relate to the new customs that were required of her. In the given scenario, it can be noticed that Elizabeth is experiencing _____.

gestures should be given more importance than verbal messages

When low-context communicators interact with high-context communicators, _____.

increase

When you are really interested in another person, your eye contact with that person is likely to

ou should rehearse out loud to clarify thought

When you practice a speech, ___________________.

It refers to the sounds used to pronounce words.

Which of the following best defines the term phonology?

code switch

____ refers to altering linguistic and nonverbal patterns to conform to the dominant or co-culture.

pauses

_____ are defined as moments of silence strategically used to enhance meaning.

emoticons

_____ are textual images that symbolize the sender's mood or facial expressions.

paralanguage

_____ includes the voiced parts of communication that go beyond the words themselves.

self-talk

_____ is the internal conversation we have with ourselves in our thoughts.