SPEED STUDY QUESTIONS
Which of the following behaviors may best be addressed through a functional behavioral assessment (FBA)?
A student is leaving the classroom without permission and going to the playground. An FBA can be used to identify the reason why the student is leaving and then identify more appropriate methods of behavior that will address this need.
Which of the following is a protection under Section 504 that may be provided for an eligible student with a disability?
A student is provided with the use of an elevator in order to physically access second floor classes in the school building. Allowing the student to use an elevator is an accommodation. Using an elevator to attend classes prevents the student from being excluded from an educational program that receives federal funds.
Which of the following attributes would be most indicative of an expressive language disorder?
A student provides one-word answers when responding verbally and provides limited details in written responses. A student who has difficulty providing adequate details in verbal or written responses may have an expressive language disorder. Students with this condition have difficulty stating or expressing their responses, but they often are able to hear and understand what others are saying to them (receptive language).
Which of the following conditions is most commonly associated with the category of "other health impairment"?
ADHD ADHD is a disability which falls under the classification of other health impairment. Other health impairment refers to physical and/or mental impairments that substantially limit one or more major life activities.
A third-grade teacher is preparing to teach a unit on mythical creatures. A parent has asked why the teacher has selected this topic when it is not an assigned topic in the state's learning standards for third grade. How should the teacher respond?
Confirm that topics within the unit align with the state standards. Identify learning outcomes and share these with the parent. When planning a unit, the teacher should first consider the state's learning standards and what the learning outcomes will be. While the teacher did not pre-plan in this manner, the unit's activities can still be used or modified to align with state standards.
Which of the following is a chromosomal condition that is associated with intellectual disability, a characteristic facial appearance, and weak muscle tone along with cognitive delays and intellectual disability?
Down syndrome This is the correct answer because Down syndrome occurs when an individual has a full or partial extra copy of chromosome 21.
Which of the following statements best describes a formative assessment?
Formative assessments measure what students know along the way. Formative assessments measure what students know along the way. They should be given on a regular basis. These are not summative assessments, which are used to determine what students know at the end of the year or at the end of a unit.
State and federal laws require that the LEA include all students with disabilities in the participation of the state and district assessments with appropriate accommodations as noted in the:
IEP document The IEP must note the student's present level of performance and the measurable annual goals including the LEA, district, and state assessments to determine and monitor progress within the general education curriculum as supported by the accommodations.
The classification of a traumatic brain injury (TBI) is determined primarily on the basis of
Individuals may be found eligible for special education services due to a traumatic brain injury if the head injury causes a significant educational impact in one or more areas of major life functions such as memory, cognition, language, or motor abilities
A third-grade general education student, James, has been displaying limitations with social interactions for several years. James enjoys playing games with much younger children, but he struggles to be included with his peers during classroom activities and recess. James has difficulty interpreting body language and pragmatic language such as puns, idioms, and sarcasm. Recently, he has been sent to the school counselor's office for making inappropriate comments during class. He has started complaining that he doesn't want to go to school, although he is typically a student who earns As and Bs. Which of the following disability categories may be indicated by James' behavior?
James' behavior is characteristic of a student with autism due to impairment with social interactions and pragmatic language
Janette is a fifth-grade student who has a diagnosis of cystic fibrosis and type 1 diabetes. Both of her disabilities are controlled by medication and she is performing on level as compared to her peers. Which statement below describes the most appropriate services for Janette?
Janette should receive services through Section 504. Janette should be evaluated for a Section 504 student service plan because she is performing at level when compared to her peers.
Lana is a sixth-grade student whose younger sister, Natalie, has Down Syndrome. Recently, Lana's friends have asked questions about Natalie, and Lana is unsure of how to respond. What advice may Lana's parents share with her?
Lana should consider the types of questions she is typically asked and practice her responses so that she feels comfortable sharing information with her friends. By practicing her responses, Lana will feel more comfortable answering her friends' questions. This type of response will help Lana to advocate for Natalie while also promoting diversity and inclusion with her friends.
Which situation could best be represented by the equation: 12x = 5412x=54?
Marty made car payments on her car for 54 months until it was paid off. What is x, the number of years it took Marty to pay off her car? To get the total months, 54, multiply the number of years, x, by the number of months in a year, 12; 12x = 5412x=54.
There is a biology test next week and the general education teacher is unsure of how to modify the test for her students receiving special education services. How can the special education teacher collaborate with the biology teacher?
Offer to draft a modified test based on the original test and then they can edit it together. This approach ensures the teachers are collaborating and the students are accessing as much of the curriculum as is possible.
Rae is a fifth-grade student with an intellectual disability who spends a portion of her day in a general education classroom. Recent assessment data shows that she is performing at a third-grade math level. Rae is able to solve one-digit multiplication problems using arrays and number lines and is making continuous progress in solving two-digit by one-digit multiplication problems. The general education teacher is currently planning a lesson on multiplying three-digit numbers by two-digit numbers using standard algorithms. Which of the following modifications would be most appropriate for the general education teacher to provide for Rae?
Provide Rae with alternate assignments covering two-digit by one-digit multiplication. This is an appropriate modification for the given scenario. Rae is making progress on her current math level, so this progress should be supported and continued.
A special education teacher has a student whose parents do not speak English. What is the most appropriate way for the teacher to communicate with parents?
Provide copies of IEP documents and other paperwork in English as well as the parents' native language. Providing paperwork in the parents' native language allows them to meaningfully participate.
Marisol is a second-grade student with a specific learning disability (SLD) in reading fluency. Which accommodation would her teachers most likely find in her IEP?
Provide reading assignments with syllable boundaries and vowel sounds pre-marked. Pre-marking syllable boundaries and vowel sounds helps a student who struggles with fluency by reducing the amount of effort required to decode the words. This helps the student to gain confidence and increase reading comprehension.
An elementary student who is visually impaired is participating in a unit in his science class that focuses on learning the names and locations of 20 bones in the human body. At the end of the unit, students are required to label all 20 bones on a diagram of a skeleton. What would be the most appropriate way to assess the student's mastery of this objective?
Provide the student with a 3D skeleton on which he can locate and label 20 bones. Using a tactile model of a skeleton allows the student to learn and identify bones in the body using touch.
Students in an inclusion kindergarten classroom are learning a new procedure to pack up materials and prepare to exit the classroom for bus and car rides home. Which of the following methods would be most effective in teaching the students this procedure?
Provide the students with multiple opportunities to practice the routine of packing up and exiting the classroom. Providing the students with multiple opportunities to practice the routine will be the best way for students to remember the routine and follow it.
Raphael is a tenth-grade student with autism. While participating in his annual review IEP meeting, Raphael informed the team that he would like to attend a technical college and earn his driver's license after graduating from high school. Which of the following transition goals on Raphael's IEP will help him to prepare to meet these goals?
Raphael will attend a college night and identify at least three programs of interest at local schools. Participating in the college night and identifying programs of study that interest Raphael will help him to prepare for his goal of earning a degree from a technical school.
Gina is a fifth-grade student with a reading comprehension goal on her IEP. The goal has four objectives associated with it. Gina's teacher regularly collects data on her progress. By the second quarter, she has mastered all objectives on her reading comprehension goal except for one. What would the IEP team recommend to address Gina's reading comprehension goal for the remainder of the year?
Schedule an IEP meeting to consider adding an additional goal to begin addressing new skills while Gina works on the final objective of the first goal. Since Gina has shown mastery on all other objectives, her teacher should continue to teach and assess the remaining objective. She should assess all objectives before her annual IEP meeting to confirm maintenance of mastery of skills. If she has mastered almost all objectives, the IEP team can consider adding a second reading goal to begin working on new skills.
Tom is a fifth-grade student with an intellectual disability who participates in an inclusion classroom. Tom has an IEP goal related to independently packing up his desk materials and backpack to prepare to leave school at the end of the day. Which of the following supports can help Tom to meet this goal?
Seat Tom next to a peer who models this behavior so he has daily opportunities to observe. Students with intellectual disabilities benefit from observing peers who model appropriate skills.
Which of the following legislative acts prevents discrimination against individuals with disabilities in any programs that receive federal funds?
Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act prevents discrimination of individuals with disabilities in any program that receives federal funds.
A teacher has reorganized the classroom library to make it easier for students to browse and select texts to read during silent reading time. In addition to this reorganization, the teacher decided to conduct a reading interest survey, so that she can be of assistance when students need prompting. After assessing the results of students' reading interest surveys, the teacher should:
Students should be exposed to a variety of genres. By providing a list that spans writing types, the teacher is encouraging students to read about their interests while also developing their understanding of fiction and nonfiction literature.
Which of the following characteristics may be used to describe a student who is identified as having a specific learning disability?
Students with specific learning disabilities typically have average to above average intelligence but experience academic achievement deficits.
A fourth-grade teacher has noticed that one of the general education students has appeared more sad and withdrawn. Which of the following professionals may be able to provide support?
The school counselor can provide support and interventions related to the student's social/emotional needs.
A second-grade class is co-taught by a general education teacher and a special education teacher. Which of the following scenarios describes the best way for the two teachers to collaborate?
The special education teacher plans with the general education teacher so that they can both provide direct instruction to the whole group and small groups that are based upon students' needs. This is most appropriate because both teachers are seen as leading the class since they both provide whole group instruction. By grouping students according to needs rather than IEP status, students will have opportunities to work with both teachers as well as their peers.
Which of the following characteristics may be used to describe a student who is identified as having a specific learning disability?
The student demonstrates deficits in academic achievement when compared to cognitive abilities. Students with specific learning disabilities typically have average to above average intelligence but experience academic achievement deficits.
Which of the following IEP goals would best prepare a student to meet postsecondary employment goals?
The student will participate in a summer internship related to a career field of interest and will develop a resume that includes four relevant experiences from the internship by October. This is a measurable goal which will help the student to gain experiences and develop a resume in preparation for gaining employment after high school.
A first-year elementary teacher is concerned that Ricardo, a student with learning disabilities and limited English proficiency, does not engage in the class or group discussions. The teacher requests that the special education teacher observe the student's behaviors. What should the special education teacher consider when responding to this request?
The teacher should consider all aspects of the student's behaviors to prevent preconceived ideas. The special education teacher should coach the new teacher in considering all aspects of the student's behaviors that impact student access, participation, and progress within the general education curriculum. An action plan should be developed to determine the most appropriate intervention and instructional strategies.
Mr. Wheeler has taught prime factorization to his class this week. In an effort to differentiate instruction, he decides to block off time to provide remediation for students with learning disabilities. What is the main problem with this approach?
This targets only one group of students, which may or may not have struggled with this specific concept. He needs to evaluate who struggled with this concept before providing additional instruction.
Which of the following activities would be most effective for a tactile learner to learn about the phases of mitosis?
Use color-coded pieces of yarn to represent the chromosomes. The yarn acts as a manipulative the student can use to represent the phases of mitosis. This activity would benefit a tactile learner the most, because it involves physical activity on the part of the student in order to represent the phases.
a standard, specific schedule in order to reduce the occurrence of manic episodes.
Using a standard, specific schedule helps to reduce the occurrence of manic episodes with students who have bipolar disorder, and the implementation of a schedule is a skill that they can continue to use after graduation.
Jessie draws a marble from the bag shown and then, without replacing the first marble, he draws a second one.
Which expression shows the probability that he drew a red marble both times? 3/10 • 2/9 This is an example of dependent events. P(red) = 3/10 for the first draw. However, the first marble is not returned to the bag, changing our sample to 9 marbles. If the first marble drawn was red, that leaves only 2 red marbles, so on the second draw, P(red) = 2/9. The probability of both events happening is the product: 3/10 • 2/9.
Which of the following behaviors of a three-year-old may indicate speech impairment to the parents?
a continuous tongue thrust This behavior may be an indicator of a neurological condition called apraxia. Apraxia is when an individual displays facial grimaces or unusual movements that may be associated with speech communication.
A teacher is teaching an early elementary class that all animals grow and develop over time. Which of the following supports would best enhance a visual learner's ability to explain the changes during the process of a caterpillar becoming a butterfly?
a pictorial diagram of using labeled arrows to indicate the changes A pictorial diagram is a visual support that helps visual learners make sense of material.
The skills of telling time and reading environmental signs are likely to be seen in an IEP for a student in 12th grade who has:
a severe-to-profound intellectual disability. The skills of telling time and reading environmental signs are skills that will help the student navigate their environment before and after graduation.
A student with a learning disability experiences negative side effects from their ADHD medication. Which of the following accommodations may be appropriate for the ARD committee to consider in designing the IEP for this student?
a snack during the morning ADHD medication can affect hunger, so a snack would be an appropriate accommodation.
Children who are eligible in the area of developmental delay have a significant delay (typically defined as 25% decrease in ability in comparison to same-aged peers) in two or more areas of development. Which of the following areas below is not an area in which a child may be identified as having a developmental delay?
academic skills Academic skills are not a classification of developmental delay. Although students with developmental delays often struggle to acquire and demonstrate academic skills, this is the result of other areas of deficit, such as cognitive skills or social/emotional skills.
A prekindergarten teacher gives each student a tray of sand and asks them to trace the letter "s" into the sand while making the /s/ sound out loud. This lesson is best designed to support the development of what concept?
alphabetic principle Since they are repeating the letter's sound, they are reinforcing the connection between the letter and the sound it makes.
Tourette syndrome is characterized by motor tics, such as facial twitching or abnormal eye blinking, and vocal tics, such as throat clearing or squeaking. In order to qualify for special education services under IDEA, a student with Tourette syndrome must experience what in the classroom?
an impact to their learning In order for any student to qualify for special education services, their learning must be impacted.
A student was recently found to be eligible as having an emotional disability. The parents disagree with the eligibility determination and feel that the evaluation was not comprehensive. What may the parents requests if they disagree with the school's evaluation?
an independent educational evaluation Parents have the right to one independent educational evaluation after every school-based evaluation if they disagree with the results of the school's evaluation.
What disability affects a person's ability to speak and understand speech most likely after a traumatic brain injury, stroke, dementia, illness, and other progressive neurological disorders?
aphasia This is the correct answer because aphasia is a communication disorder that results from damage to the parts of the brain that contain language
A student has a speech disorder that is characterized by repeated sound errors that are not developmentally appropriate for the student's age. The student's sound errors are frequent and impact his intelligibly when speaking to peers and adults. Over the past year, the student has become more aware of his sound errors and is now reluctant to participate in class discussions due to fear that he will be mocked for his speech. His parents have said that he appears sad and does not socialize as much at family gatherings. The student is most likely to qualify for speech therapy services for which type of condition?
articulation disorder This student would be found eligible as having an articulation disorder due to sound errors that are not developmentally appropriate for the student's age. The student's speech disorder is demonstrating a significant impact in home and school life.
Average to above average intelligence, difficulty with working memory and executive functioning skills, and challenges with distractibility are characteristic of which of the following conditions?
attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) Students with ADHD often have average to above average intelligence but demonstrate deficits with executive functioning skills.
Passive-aggressive behavior is best described as
being uncooperative, being noncommunicative, and/or avoiding responsibilities. Passive-aggressive behavior is best described as being uncooperative, being noncommunicative, and/or avoiding responsibilities.
A middle school science teacher is establishing routines and procedures on the first day of school. She has students work in assigned small groups to decide what procedures are important for a successful learning environment. First they discuss what made their favorite class from last year successful and then they decide what procedures to include for this year. When they share as a whole group, the teacher praises students who raise their hand to contribute. What type of learning theory is the teacher reinforcing when having students reflect on the previous year?
cognitivism Cognitivism draws on prior knowledge to support new learning and ideas.
The IEP for a student with multiple disabilities contains the following language arts objective. The student will write a sentence using appropriate punctuation and spelling in 4 out of 5 trials . Which of the following classroom activities would be most appropriate to provide data to meet this objective?
creating a thank you card for a staff member that includes a greeting Creating a thank you card is an opportunity to practice fine motor skills as well as writing skills by including a sentence inside the card that demonstrates proper spelling and punctuation.
Which one of the following disabilities is not recognized as a major disability category by the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA)?
deaf-mute Deaf-mute is not a major disability category recognized by the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA).
A fourth-grade inclusion teacher has been teaching grammar skills as a daily warm-up activity for language arts class. After practicing this skill for two weeks, the teacher asks students to label the parts of speech in a sentence. The table below summarizes students' responses to this prompt. Number of Responses Response Content 5 Students gave off-topic or incorrect responses (ex: labeled parts of speech inaccurately, made corrections to spelling, or made corrections to punctuation) 14 Students labeled at least three parts of speech correctly on the sentence (ex: noun, verb, adjective, pronoun) 2 No response How should the teacher use this data to support the students?
developing mini-lessons around specific parts of speech that can be taught to struggling students in small groups Since most of the students have demonstrated proficiency with parts of speech, it is most appropriate to address this skill in the small group setting with students who have not yet demonstrated mastery.
Mr. Lopez notices that one of his 4th-grade students, Sophie, is consistently struggling with written assignments, but can explain her thinking verbally and is almost always correct. She writes very slowly and what she does write is very messy and difficult to read. She consistently writes numbers backward and has difficulty "showing her work" on math problems. What is Sophie likely struggling with?
dysgraphia Dysgraphia is a motor disability in which students have difficulty forming letters and numbers. It does not affect their understanding or cognition. The facts that Sophie has no problem verbally explaining her thinking and that her verbal answers are often correct indicate that she is specifically struggling with forming letters and numbers on the page.
Voice recognition software, such as a speech-to-text program, is of greatest benefit for students with which of the following?
dysgraphia Students with dysgraphia struggle with written expression and mechanics. Providing assistive technology such as a speech-to-text program allows students to share responses verbally which are then recorded as text.
Amir, a ten year old boy with a specific learning disability (SLD), has difficulty with decoding words, phonemic awareness, reading fluency, and comprehending grade level passages that he has read independently. Which of the following disorders is described above?
dyslexia Dyslexia causes difficulty decoding single words or difficulty recognizing the connection between letters and sounds. Students with dyslexia may mispronounce or confuse similar words which impacts reading fluency and consequently decreases comprehension.
Which of the following pairs does not match the associated description of an individual with this disability?
emotional disability: has significant cognitive impairments and deficits in adaptive skills This description is more reflective of a student with an intellectual disability as these students have significant cognitive impairments and deficits in adaptive skills. Students with emotional disabilities may appear socially withdrawn and have difficulty related to peers and adults.
Which of the following is a provision of Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act?
ensuring that students are provided with reasonable accommodations to access the curriculum Section 504 requires that students with disabilities that substantially limit one or more major life activities are provided with reasonable accommodations in order to access the curriculum.
An eight-year-old student participates in an inclusive 3rd grade classroom. The student often provides one-word responses or says "I don't know" when asked questions during class. Her written responses are also typically brief. However, she is able to listen to the teacher during instruction and follow multi-step directions. She has a group of friends and does not appear to struggle with conversations during unstructured activities such as lunch and recess. The student is currently participating in speech/language therapy in the small group setting. Which area of speech/language skills is likely being addressed based on this information?
expressive language Since the student has brief responses when speaking or writing and often says "I don't know" to avoid answering, it is likely that she has expressive language deficits.
Which of the following classroom activities would be most difficult for a nine-year-old student who has mild intellectual disability?
figurative language writing prompt This is the correct answer because students with mild intellectual disability struggle to differentiate concrete and abstract concepts. Figurative language such as metaphors, similes, idiomatic expressions, etc. are typically quite confusing.
Fetal alcohol syndrome can be prevented by:
good prenatal care. Fetal alcohol syndrome can be prevented by good prenatal care, including the mother following medical advice regarding the consumption of alcohol.
If a student has an IQ between 20 and 35, they will likely be identified as:
having a severe intellectual disability. When a student has an IQ between 20 and 35, they are considered to have a severe intellectual disability
Which of the following would be the most beneficial activity to include in a seventh-grade lesson introducing circumference of a circle?
having students measure the distance around various circular objects using a string or measuring tape This hands-on activity would be an effective way to introduce circumference, as it will provide students with a concrete understanding of the distance around a circle.
Which of the following scenarios indicates that a student may meet certain eligibility criteria for a specific learning disability?
he student has received Tier 3 reading interventions but continues to read below grade level. Students who fail to make progress despite receiving research-based interventions may be eligible as having a specific learning disability.
A ninth grader with learning disabilities has severe asthma and controls the asthma with a preventative inhaler and nebulizer treatments during the school day. One day during class, he experiences an asthma attack. Which of the following behaviors may signify that the student is experiencing an asthma attack?
heavy, wheezing breathing Heavy, wheezy breathing is the most frequent characteristic of an asthma attack.
A fifth grade inclusion teacher has students with specific learning disabilities complete a K-W-L chart during a science lesson about photosynthesis. What is the main purpose of using this type of graphic organizer?
helping students to connect prior knowledge and expand their ideas A K-W-L chart asks students to record what they know as well as what they would like to learn before reading. Then, students record what they have learned while reading in order to make connections.
urn to course Below is an excerpt from the Present Level of Academic Achievement and Functional Performance (PLAAFP) for a student named Kevin. Kevin is a 17-year-old tenth-grade student with multiple disabilities (spina bifida, intellectual disability) who receives daily instruction in a self-contained classroom. Kevin is participating in a functional life skills curriculum and is alternatively assessed. Kevin has a full-scale IQ of 55. Kevin is able to read fluently and decode words when given third-grade level texts. He is able to write basic sentences with capitalization and punctuation. Kevin struggles to respond to figurative language questions, but he is able to respond to comprehension questions involving setting and sequence of events when reading first and second grade level texts. Kevin is able to complete addition and subtraction problems involving numbers with up to three digits. He is able to complete one-digit multiplication problems using a calculation. Kevin is unable to complete math problems involving fractions or percentages. Kevin attends all core classes in the self-contained life skills classroom and participates in art and PE with grade level peers when accompanied by a special education teacher or paraprofessional. Kevin enjoys interacting with peers but struggles to initiate and reciprocate conversation. Which of the following settings would be most appropriate to address Kevin's social skills needs?
increased opportunities to participate with peers in general education settings Additional opportunities to interact with same-aged peers will give Kevin real-world experiences and also allow him to learn from the positive social interactions modeled by his peers.
One of the most essential components of an educational program for a student with a significant intellectual disability is to:
instruct the student using a functional academic curriculum with emphasis on independent living skills. Students with significant intellectual disabilities struggle to grasp grade-level concepts even with accommodations and modifications. They may participate in an alternative curriculum with functional academics which also includes independent living skills such as personal care, social skills, or daily living.
The major difference between intellectual disability and deafness is that:
intellectual disability is related to below-average intellectual ability, while deafness is a hearing impairment that is so severe a child is impaired in processing linguistic information through hearing.
Task analysis is appropriate for a teacher to conduct when the teacher:
is planning instruction on a complex concept. Task analysis takes complex concepts and breaks it down into smaller chunks or steps.
Which of the following is atypical language development between 2-3 years of age?
less than 50 words by age two This is the correct answer because late-talking children are those at age two with a vocabulary of fewer than 50 words.
Which of the following skills would be most appropriate to practice with high school students with intellectual disabilities using mock scenarios?
making purchases using bills and coins Making purchases using bills and coins is an independent living skill that can be practiced in both mock scenarios and real life scenarios on community-based trips. They will also need to have this skill once they transition out of school.
Students with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder are more likely than peers to have which of the following co-existing conditions?
mood disorder Students with ADHD are more likely than other peers to have a mood disorder such as anxiety or depression.
The student demonstrates deficits in academic achievement when compared to cognitive abilities. Students with specific learning disabilities typically have average to above average intelligence but experience academic achievement deficits.
obtaining consent to evaluation on an annual basis This is not a responsibility of the special education teacher because students are typically evaluated on a triennial basis unless there is a reason that the parent or IEP team requests an evaluation earlier.
A student is easily distracted and is often described as lacking focus. The student struggles to organize his materials for school and frequently loses important materials such as pencils, erasers, and notebooks. The student is earning low scores due to missing or incomplete assignments but has not demonstrated any specific delays. Which of the following areas of eligibility may be most appropriate to consider when evaluating this student?
other health impairment Other health impairment is the most appropriate area to consider. The student's behaviors are characteristic of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).
Which of the following strategies would be most appropriate for an elementary student with a receptive language disorder?
pairing vocabulary words with pictures when reading a story aloud A student with a receptive language disorder struggles to understand spoken language or listen closely. Pairing vocabulary words with pictures when a story is read aloud will provide context and help the student to understand the words' meanings.
Every day as part of his class' morning routine, a special education teacher has his class clap out the syllables of the day of the week and the month of the year. He then says a simple sentence about the day's activities and prompts his students to tell him how many words are in the sentence. Last, he names an object in the classroom and asks his students to identify the first sound, then share more words that start with the same sound. What type of skills is this teacher trying to promote through all these activities?
phonological awareness All of these activities have to do with sounds. Hearing the words that make up a sentence, the syllables that make up a word, and specific sounds in words are all examples of phonological awareness skills.
Which of the following strategies would be most effective in helping students in the emergent literacy stage of development?
phonological awareness skills These students need lots of practice in such activities as hearing and making rhymes; discerning beginning and ending sounds; and listening to and/or participating in chants, poems, and stories.
A group of students in a middle school inclusion social studies class are demonstrating difficulty asking for help when they do not understand a question. The students will often put their heads on their desks or stare out the window until the teachers comes over to prompt them to complete work. What would be the most appropriate way to address this behavior?
practicing ways to ask for help that include verbal and nonverbal signals The students may not be asking for help because they do not know how or are afraid. Using verbal and nonverbal cues will help the students develop self-advocacy skills and find methods that work best for them.
Which of the following situations requires signed parent consent and agreement before proceeding?
proceeding with an initial evaluation The IEP team cannot proceed with an initial evaluation without obtaining parent consent and agreement.
The summary information below contains details about Finley and her present levels of academic achievement and functional performance (PLAAFP). Finley is a tenth-grade student with an intellectual disability and traumatic brain injury (TBI). Finley participates in a functional life skills classroom with a certified nursing assistant (CNA). Finley's CNA is on staff to assist with feeding, toileting, and monitoring for seizures. Finley participates in art and music classes with general education peers when accompanied by the CNA. Finley has limited mobility due to a traumatic brain injury during infancy and uses a wheelchair which is operated by her CNA while at school. Finley uses a switch attached to her wheelchair due to limited head and limb movement. Her teachers prompt her to respond to simple questions using the switch. Finley's teachers were unable to progress beyond baseline questions when assessing her functional academic skills during her most recent re-evaluation. Her cognitive ability is estimated to be between 13 and 18 months of age. Finley participates in classroom activities by operating the switch and using eye gaze to show interest. She smiles and laughs to show pleasure. Finley's level of functioning would best be described using which category?
profound intellectual disability Finley's level of functioning may best be described as a profound intellectual disability due to her significant limitations with self-care tasks, mobility, and functional academics.
A kindergarten teacher notes that one of her students, Chris, is unable to explain which number is larger or smaller in a pair when the numbers are presented as written numerals. Which of the following strategies would be most appropriate in this scenario?
providing Chris with counter manipulatives and tens frames to represent the numbers before comparing them Providing concrete manipulatives will give Chris a visual representation of the larger and smaller numbers. This strategy will likely give Chris the support he needs until he is able to compare numbers without physical counters.
Mr. James is a fifth-grade special education teacher in a co-taught inclusion classroom. Which of the following is least likely to be one of his teaching responsibilities?
providing Tier 3 interventions for general education students This would not be a responsibility of the special education teacher and would likely be provided by a specialist who works at the school.
Rebecca is a student in a high school life skills class who has an intellectual disability. What is a supplementary curriculum component for life skills that will help Rebecca gain skills to be independent?
reading expiration dates on food labels Reading expiration dates on food labels will help Rebecca gain a skill for independence.
Which of the following are characteristics commonly exhibited by students who have a speech/language impairment in the area of articulation?
reluctance to speak in whole group settings Students with significant sound errors often become reluctant to speak in whole group settings if they are self-conscious of their sound errors. Speech therapy is beneficial because by reducing sound errors, students will feel more comfortable participating in class. sound errors that are not developmentally appropriate Sound errors are the most common indication of speech articulation impairment. While sound errors are developmentally appropriate until a certain age, students with speech articulation impairments continue to demonstrate these sound errors. While they may be able to correct sound errors with prompting, they struggle to consistently use proper sounds during conversation.
A teacher wants to introduce a lesson on probability and simulations to her students. Which manipulative would not be good to use? spinner
ruler A ruler is not a manipulative used for probability simulations.
Epilepsy is characterized by:
seizures caused by imbalances in the brain. Epilepsy is characterized by seizures caused by imbalances in the brain.
A five-year-old student with autism has a significant aversion to washing his hands. During sessions with the school's occupational therapist, the student practices turning the water faucet on and off. Then he transitions to keeping his hands under the water for 1-5 seconds. Eventually, he is able to wash his hands for 30 seconds while using soap and water. What type of intervention is being implemented for the student?
sensory-integration therapy Sensory-integration therapy is a structured intervention that provides repeated exposure to a sensory stimulation through repetition.
Which of the following characteristics are most likely to be seen in a child with an intellectual disability (not a specific learning disability)?
significant deficits in adaptive skills Students with intellectual disabilities often have significant deficits in adaptive skills, such as difficulty with personal hygiene, functional communication, or social interaction. IQ below 70 Students with intellectual disabilities typically have IQ scores below 70.
Which example below describes characteristics of a person with an intellectual disability?
significantly subaverage general intellectual functioning, with deficits in adaptive behavior The characteristics shared are those of an intellectual disability.
The results for a student who has been tested for special education eligibility show that the student has a discrepancy between achievement and ability, specifically in the areas of reading and math. The student likely has a disability of:
specific learning disability. When a student has a discrepancy between ability and achievement in specific subject areas, they likely have a specific learning disability
A seventh-grade student has spinal muscular atrophy and uses a wheelchair. He attends inclusion classes and receives related services for occupational therapy and physical therapy due to motor skill deficits. The student is struggling to complete writing assignments due to limited mobility of his hands and fingers. To allow the student to complete writing assignments, his teacher should consider:
speech-to-text software. Speech-to-text software will allow the student to dictate his responses, and the software will record his answers.
Constructivism is based on the following tenet(s):
the idea that children actively construct their own learning The theory stated is the theory of constructivism.
Which of the following would NOT be considered when determining whether a student is a fluent reader?
the student's ability to infer unfamiliar word meanings A student's ability to infer word meaning is important to reading comprehension, but is not a skill that is considered when determining a student's reading fluency.
The parents of a four-year-old student report to the teacher that their child had a busy weekend attending a family birthday party with a bounce house and has had trouble sleeping. The teacher notices the child has slurred speech — when he did not before — and stares into space at different moments of the day. It is possible that the child experienced a:
traumatic brain injury. Trouble sleeping, slurred speech, and staring off into space — such as during a seizure — can be symptoms of a traumatic brain injury.
A kindergarten teacher is planning a lesson about holidays. When planning the lesson, he considers all holidays that are celebrated by students in his class and how to incorporate aspects of all into the lesson. This teacher is demonstrating an understand of:
ulturally responsive instruction. The teacher is demonstrating culturally responsive instruction by incorporating all holidays celebrated by students in the classroom rather than just focusing on one holiday that may be celebrated by most students in the class.
Which of the following supplementary aides will best assist a student with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) who has demonstrated deficits in executive functioning skills and is working to improve those skills?
using checklists to break lengthy assignments into smaller chunks The use of checklists will help the student to identify a sequential process to complete assignments and remain focused on each individual portion.
A high school resource teacher is teaching her math class learning about equivalent fractions. She has taught about fractions at the front of the room and students have tried working problems at their desk. Some of them are continuing to struggle. What other activity can she engage her students in to ensure all learning styles have been addressed?
using fraction tiles to identify equivalent fractions This allows kinesthetic learners to practice fractions with a manipulative and have hands-on practice.
Mrs. Jones is a fourth-grade reading specialist and has been asked by a number of teachers how to enhance the comprehension skills of their students, especially with expository text. Mrs. Jones checks for the teachers' understanding of various comprehension strategies. Which one of the following responses is NOT a comprehension strategy?
using phonological awareness skills Phonological awareness is when a student can hear distinct sounds, words, and/or syllables. They don't necessarily comprehend these words even if they do figure out how to pronounce them.
A teacher notices a new student in her class has difficulty copying notes, is regularly squinting at the board, and asks students around her to read information posted in the classroom. This student is most likely dealing with which of the following areas of exceptionality?
visual impairment Visual impairments are one of the 13 categories identified by IDEA (Individuals with Disabilities Act), but new students could have issues that either have not been addressed in an IEP, or that do not qualify. Students with a broad range of issues with sight can benefit from preferred seating and a wide range of other accommodations.
The development of gross motor skills is likely to be highly negatively impacted by a/an:
visual impairment. A visual impairment negatively impacts the development of gross motor skills because the visual impairment alters the way the individual interacts with the physical world around them.
Mia is a first-grade student with a learning disability and is struggling with the concept of subtraction. On her assignments, she frequently adds two numbers, regardless of whether the problem calls for addition or subtraction. Her teacher has tried asking Mia to circle the addition or subtraction symbol before solving the problem, but Mia continues to add numbers rather than subtract. Which of the following would be the most appropriate strategy for the teacher to take next?
working with Mia in a small group in which students use unifix cubes to show the act of adding and subtracting two numbers by joining and separating the cubes Most likely, Mia doesn't understand the conceptual difference between addition and subtraction. Unifix cubes are an appropriate tool to use in this scenario. These manipulatives will help provide Mia with a more concrete understanding of the processes of addition and subtraction and the difference between the two operations.
