Sport Management 220 Exam 2

What is the role responsibilities of the IOC?

"to ensure the regular celebration of the Olympic games" votes on sports programs for the Games 7 years in advance Provides support through finance, knowledge, and expertise invites NOCs to participate in games one year before Opening Ceremony involved in helping athletes from developing nations reach a suitable standard to participate at the Olympics implements anti-doping codes helps fund Games

2014 Sochi

$52 billion spent on the games

Nadia Comaneci

14 years old perfect 10 on the uneven bars earned the maximum 7 marks in total

When did the Winter Games begin?

1924

Olympic Fire Beginning

1928 Amsterdam

Torch Race Beginning

1936 Berlin

Mexico City Massacre

1968 students protested the government and its actions shots were fired but it is still uncertain who fired first

Femininity

1968 Grenoble

Doping Tests

1968 Grenoble who was tested?

Role of TV Recognized

1984 Sarajevo

Examples of Olympism and Sportsmanship

2014 Sochi: Biathlon twins (one gives other her spot) Equality: >40% women athletes Aya Medany: Eqypt pentathlete mentoring young athletes Jim Thorpe: stripped of medals after small baseball payment; later restored 1988: Korea fixing boxing events 2000 Sydney: Chinese gymnast 14 when minimum 16 Beijing 2008: Ara Abrahamian, wrestler, throws medal on ground Angle Matos, Taekwondo, assault referee

Olympic Flag

5 rings of Africa, America, Asia, Oceania and Europe at least one of the colors of each ring can be found in the flag of every nation

2002 Games

9/11 Canadian Ice Hockey 2 gold medals in figure skating security was a main concern federal forces were used as security but were off fighting in the war would the games be peaceful following 9/11?

1976 Montreal Games

African boycott involving 22 countries to protest the New Zealand rugby team that toured South Africa and were to compete in the games

Cathy Freeman

Australian athlete lit the torch symbolized the reconciliation with the Aboriginal populations then won the 400m

Hermann Maier

Austrian skier fell downhill and flew off the slope came back to win the super G and giant slalom

1932 Judy Guinness

British fencer who won silver in the individual foil event

Eric Liddell

British runner Chariots of Fire movie

How did the Modern Games Begin?

Came from his strategy to tie his nationalist and internationalist views together

1972 Sapporo Canada Hockey

Canada did not participate in the hockey tournament to protest the professionalism controversy in the USSR and Europe

Ben Johnson Scandal 1988

Canadian who set a world record in the 100m sprint disqualified for testing positive for steroids first athlete to be disqualified for drugs Carl Lewis was then awarded the gold

Olympic Motto

Citius, Altius, Fortius Swifter, Higher, Stronger

Issues that threaten the Olympic Movement

Corruption in leadership positions Becoming more about money Cities not wanting to host the games

Pierre's Upbringing and Beliefs

France experienced and he witnessed The victory of democracy Industrialization The spread of Socialists values and structures The secularization of civil society The development of a strong national culture. The linkage of individualism, nationalism, and globalization He was an aristocrat and a part of a noble class.

Usain Bolt

Jamaican sprinter won 3 golds and broke 3 records in the 100, 200m and 4X1 relay

1956 Melbourne and Stockholm Split

Melbourne was awarded the right to host horses could not enter because of strict quarantine laws so equestrian events were held in Stockholm

Terrorists Activities

Mexico City Massacre Black September: terrorist act against Israeli team, all 11 Israeli athletes taken hostage were killed Bomb under bench in Centennial Park in Atlanta: killed 2 and injured 110

Cassuus Clay

Muhammad Ali won gold at olympics launched his professional career

Bidding Process

NOCs propose cities that are interesting IOC select 4 from those through rigorous process Eliminate one at a time with intensive scrutiny

Jesse Owens

Nazi's were in power black man dominated races to disprove Hitler's superior race theory

How has Olympism and the Olympic Movement Changed through time?

No longer amateur rules Women can compete Not just upper class More corruption is occurring Becoming more about making money instead of encouraging ideals intended

1988 Seoul Games

North Korea and others boycotted as the Games were awarded to South Korea to embrace democracy

Oscar Swahn

Swedish shooter; won silver medal; oldest medalist ever at age 72

Hope Tulu 1992

Tulu of Ethiopia won 10,000m and then waited to white South African competitor and went hand-in-hand together for a victory lap symbol of new hope for Africa

Greg Louganis

U.S. diver who won gold in 2 events in 1988 and 1984 5 total medals

1980 Moscow Games

U.S. led boycott protesting the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan all time low number of 80 nations participating some countries allowed their athletes to choose whether or not to go Carter threatened to revoke the passports of U.S. athletes who tried to go

Thomas Hicks

U.S. runner won marathon after other U.S. runner cheated and rode most of the race in a car and then ran just before the finsih

Johnny Weissmuller

U.S. swimmer won 4 golds Chariots of Fire and Tarzan of the Apes

1980 US Hockey Team

U.S. team made up of all amateurs defeated the Soviet team of professionals who had already won six golds to make it to the gold medal match where they beat Finland Miracle on Ice

The Magnificent Seven

U.S. women's gymnastics team to win the team gold medal for the first time ever in U.S. history

Fierce Five

U.S. womens gymnastics team won second gold medal (first overseas) for the U.S. Gabby Douglas won gold in all around event was the first african american to do so

2004 Athens- De Coubertin medal winner

Vanderlei Cordeiro de Lima

Nazi Regime

WW2 caused a 12 year break in the Games Games promoted Nazi ideas of physical fitness and military hid violent racism to look peaceful for spectators and the media said visitors would not be subject to the anti-gay laws

1996 Atlanta

all recognized NOCs were represented

Franz Klammer

alpine skier won event flying downhill barely in control won 3 medals, 2 team events

1972 Communist Ice Hockey vs Commercial Apperance

amateurism controversy skier was declared ineligible because his name and picture were used in commercial advertising but pro hockey players from communist nations could play

Dorothy Hamill

american ice skater won gold in 1976

First TV Broadcast

at home during 1984 London

1992 US Dream Team

basketball team of professionals Magic Johnson Michael Jordan Larry Bird dominated every event and won gold

1998 Snowboarding

became a new event in both mens and womens in giant slalom and halfpipe

1994 Lillehammer- war in Bosnia

because of the war the Bosnia team was made up of one Croatian, two Bosnians and one Serbian shows Olympic spirit even at bad times

Closing Ceremonies

began in 1924 involved the raising of the three flags

Lighting of the Flame

begins in Olympia

1984 L.A. Games

boycott led by Soviet as a revenge depleted some numbers record number of countries participating

2006 Turin- Sara Renner

broke her pole but Norway coach gave her one she won silver and Norway did no place

Birgit Fischer

canoeist first athlete in any sport to win 2 medals in each of 5 Olympic games

Pierre as a Social Marketer and Skillful Maneuver

committed to social change change through the promotion of Olympic ideology wanted to make people more physically fit social reform through education improve recreation and sport in schools

Women's Equestrian

could first enter and compete alongside the men in mixed events in 1952

Christa Rothenburger

cyclist and speed skater silver in cycling, 2 medals at winter games only person to win at the winter and summer games in the same year

First Unified German Team 1992

fall of the Berlin Wall to reunify West and East Germany

Women's Ice Hockey

first in 1998

Michael Johnson

first man in Olympic history to run and win both the 200 and 400m set a world record in the 200m

Fair Play Trophy

first official awarded to Swedish yachtsmen who gave up their race to come to the aid of other competitors whose boat sunk

1936 Ski Instructor Controversy

first time for alpine skiing IOC said instructors could not compete because they were professionals Austrian and Swiss skiers boycotted

1992 First Boycott free Games

first time since 1972 without boycotts due to important political changes across the world fall of the Berlin wall end of communism Soviet union into 15 nations that participated as a unified team

Starting Blocks in Track

first used in 1948 London

Computers

first used in 1952 Olso to calculate the scores awarded by the different judges allowed athletes to be given their scores immediately

Instant Replay

first used in 1960 Squaw Valley judges were unsure of whether a skier missed a gate in the mens slalom so they asked CBS to review a tape of the event

Metal Skies

first used in 1960 Squaw Valley by the winner of the downhill Jean Vuarnet

Fiberglass Pole for Pole-vaulting

first used in 1964 Toyko

Pierre de Coubertin

founded the modern olympics

Skeleton's Race

head first down ice track

Olympic Creed

important is not to win but to take part its the triumph but the struggle not to conquered but to fight well

Change in the duration of the Games

in 1900 the games lasted over 5 months with many of the athletes not knowing they were actually in the Olympics at the time in 1932 shortened to 16 days been between 15-18 days ever since

Fosbury Flop

in 1968 Mexico Dick Fosbury won the high jump with this new style had to undergo a doping test as the winner

When did winter and summer games split up?

in 1986 the IOC voted to change the schedule so that summer and winter were not in the same year so winter was held 2 years apart to get on this schedule 1992 and 1994

1964 Lack of Snow

lack of natural snow threatened the games Austrian army carved out 20,000 blocks of ice from a mountain side and transported them to the luge and bobsleigh tracks and Alpine skiing slopes

Carl Lewis

matched achievements of Jesse Owens won gold in same 4 events

Edwin Moses

missed 1980 for boycott won gold in 1984 won 122 consecutive races from 1977-1987 went to college on academic scholarship trained in public high school facilities largest margin of victory in 400m hurdles

What is Olymipsm?

philosophy of social reform that emphasizes the role of sport in world development, international understanding, peaceful co-existence and social and moral education

1956 Mel/Stock Games

protested by many western countries because of the Soviet invasion of Hungary some countries even withdrew from the Games protested by others for the Franco-British Suez invasion and because of the presence of the Republic of China

Abebe Bikila

runner that ran barefoot in the marathon event because that is how he trained

Olga Korbut

soviet gymnast success in team competitions but failed in the individual competitions

Eric Heiden

speedskater won all 5 speed events from 500-10,000m set olympic record inall first ever to win gold in 5 individual events at same games

Fanny Blankers-Koen

sprinter entered 4 events and won gold in all 4

Values of the IOC

supposed to represent individuals, not countries originally giving one's best friendship/sportsmanship respect

IOC

supreme authority of the olympic committee ensures the regular celebration of the olympics

1996 Atlanta Tradegy

terrorist bomb exploded in Olympic park killing two and injury 110

Bird's Nest

venue built for the Beijing games $480M over 5 years to build empty now but $11M to maintain per year

IOC Membership

volunteers new members elected by IOC session candidates files are analyzed by IOC nominations commission and then exec board board submits proposals to session, which elects by secret ballot 115 members; 70 members, 15 active athletes, 15 representatives of IFs, and 15 representatives of NOCs term was unlimited for members elected before 1966, 80 for those prior to 1967, 70 for those after 1999

Canadian Hockey Dominance

was 1924-1969 but upset by Great Britain in 1936

Role of Females- involvement and change through time

women first participated in 1900 first to compete were Mrs. Brohy and Miss Ohnier of France in croquet

Missy Franklin

won 4 golds and 1 bronze in the 2012 games at age 17

Michael Phelps

won 6 golds and 8 total medals in 2004 single game record

Mark Spitz

won 7 gold medals and broke 7 world records

Bob Mathias

won decathlon only 4 months after first taking up the sport youngest athlete to win a mens event

Sonja Henie

won figure skater at age 15 held record for youngest to win an individual event for 74 years

Misty May Treanor

won gold in 2004, 2008, 2012 with Kerri Walsh in beach volleyball

Kerri Walsh

won gold in 2004, 2008, 2012 with Misty May in beach volleyball

Shaun White

won gold in 2006 and 2010 in the halfpipe

Wilma Rudolph

won gold in 3 events and broke 3 world records Black Gazelle

Bruce Jenner

won gold in the 1976 decathlon

Eddie Eagan

won medals in both the summer and winter olympics boxing then bobsleigh 12 years apart

Jim Thorpe

won races but disqualified after they found out he received money to play baseball; then gave his medals back to his daughter later

Luz Long

won silver in the 1936 games

Emil Zatopek

won three golds in 1952 long distance runner decided minutes before the race to run the marathon for the first time ever for his third gold