Sports medicine and Athletic Training CHAPTER 11: ASSESSMENT AND EVALUATION OF SPORTS INJURIES AND CHAPTER 12

Active Motion

Movement done by the athlete

Annie was taken to the emergency room after a collision in her high school lacrosse game. The ER doctor comes to tell her that she has a broken ankle. What service did the attending physician provide for Annie?

diagnosis

Modalities are used adjunctively for management of sports injuries.

true

_ is used for therapeutic deep heating.

ultrasound

Kristen is currently in the chronic stage of healing with an injury. She feels that ice is the best approach to help with her pain and overall healing of the injury. What alternative approach does her athletic trainer likely provide for her?

using a combo of heat and cold

cold water compression

using a sleeve filled with ice water

Hydrotherapy

using agitated and heated water as a form of heating

hydrocollator packs

using moist hot packs for superficial heating

__ injuries are essential for the total health of the athlete.

well-documented

When should the use of TENS therapy be avoided?

when active motion is contraindicated

When using electrical modalities ___ must be applied prior to application.

coupling agents

__ is the therapeutic use of cooling agents.

cryotherapy

What is one of the many uses of therapeutic physical modalities?

decrease pain

Electrical modalities that reduce pain are called transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation.

true

Cindy is recovering from a recent injury. Her athletic trainer has given her a 20-minute contrast therapy protocol. How long does she keep heat on her injury before switching to cold?

4min

At what point will an athlete begin to feel numbness during an ice bath?

8-10 mins

Charlotte has been performing rehabilitation for a broken elbow. For healing purposes, when she is not going through her exercises, she is not allowed to move her elbow. Why should her athletic trainer avoid the use of TENS to address muscle spasms in her arms during the healing process?

Active motion is contraindicated for her.

Randy is an athletic trainer overseeing a baseball game. One of the players twists his ankle while running the bases. Why should Randy document the injury?

For follow-up care of the athlete

Emily is evaluating the cause of a recent injury to an athlete. She believes that the opposing athlete's size may have been a contributing factor. What type of data is she analyzing?

Anthropomorphic

__ ___ are often at greater risk for both minor and major injuries because of their unfamiliarity with or inability to master the basic techniques of the activity or sport.

Beginner Athletes

_ is the last piece of the CABs during the primary-injury evaluation.

Breathing

Cynthia is taken off the softball field after suffering a knee injury. The athletic trainer knows that the best approach for healing is going to be through the use of physical modalities. What is she likely to use in this early stage of the healing process?

Cold

Derek suffered an ACL injury in a basketball game last year. He is physically ready to return to the court. In preseason practices, however, he has been underperforming and shows signs of hesitation. After evaluation by the athletic trainer, what decision is made?

Derek is still not ready emotionally, so he is not fully cleared.

Assessment and __ consist of the orderly collection of objective and subjective data on an athlete's health status based on professional knowledge and knowledge of the events that occurred.

Evaluation

Accurate records are not beneficial for lawsuits.

False

__ ___ return-to-play criteria requires that all muscles supporting the injury must be at 100 percent of pre-injury strength before return to play.

Full strength

Jonathon is responding to an injured athlete. After performing the primary survey, he deems it safe to begin a secondary survey. What is the first thing he should do?

Gather a history

Melissa injures herself landing improperly from a pole vault attempt. What is one of the main factors that should be taken into account while evaluating her injury?

Her position upon landing

Craig has some swelling in his ankle after twisting it during practice. What does the athletic trainer recommend for him?

Ice pack

__ findings include the certified athletic trainer's visual inspection, palpation, and assessment of active, passive, and resistive motion.

Objective

TENS

Reduces pain by stimulating sensory nerves

E-tim

Produces muscle contract by stimulating motor nerves

Calli is an ATSA who has been working very closely with the head athletic trainer at her high school. After the head trainer clears an athlete for full practice and competition, he asks Callie to update the red-cross list accordingly. What does Calli place next to the athlete's name on the list?

R

Based upon his extensive experience, Ray believes Shalie tore her ACL after gathering all of the available information. What should Ray do as he feels he already knows what Shalie's injury is?

Refer Shalie to a physician

Maelei is ready to return to playing softball after being hit by a pitch that broke her hand. Why should she be evaluated for emotional readiness?

She might have emotional distress that does not allow her to perform at 100%.

Allison is an athletic trainer overseeing a freshman basketball practice. One of the athletes gets hit in the face with an elbow. What should Allison do?

She should provide a quick evaluation of the injury.

NMES

Stimulates peripheral nerves

Corrine is an athletic trainer for a hockey team. One of the athletes reports that his knee injury has been getting worse since it initially happened at yesterday's practice. Corrine asks the athlete what he has been doing for treatment of the injury. He states that he has been using heat. What is likely causing the injury to get worse?

The athlete should only be using ice during the acute stages after an injury.

His team athletic trainer is evaluating Bryan for an injury. While the athletic trainer believes that Bryan's injury is an ACL tear, why can the athletic trainer not diagnose him with an injury?

The athletic trainer can evaluate and assess an injury, but cannot diagnose an injury.

Katie responds to a softball player who got hit by a pitch. What will she likely look into during her evaluation of the injury?

The equipment of the batter

After referring Shalie to a physician for further evaluation, Ray sits down to fill out a report of the injury. What should he include in his notes?

The identified mechanism of the injury

Assessment

The professional judgement and impression as to the nature of the injury from the athletic trainer's evaluation

Jeremiah is preparing to return to play after an injury. Why is it important that his strength is tested before being cleared to play?

To make sure that his muscles are at 100% strength

What is the purpose of skill performance tests for return-to-play criteria?

To simulate the actual skills required for the sport

Archie is the head athletic trainer for a high school. He has recently felt overwhelmed with the amount of work he needs to conduct to take care of all of the athletes on his own. He is looking for a way to justify an ATSA program. What documentation can he use to show the need for additional help?

Training-room treatment log

It is important to compare injured and uninjured sites when evaluating an injury.

True

Logan is playing golf for his university. He follows the nutritional guidelines and workout programs provided by the sports medicine staff as closely as he can. While golf is a noncontact sport, he wants to ensure that his performance is always high and he does not have to worry about potential injuries. At yesterday's golf tournament, Logan felt a sharp pain during the back swing on the seventh hole. He was unable to finish the tournament. After evaluation, the athletic trainer sent him home with instructions to see his physician the next day for further evaluation. During that time, what else could the athletic trainer have told Logan to do?

Use 20 minutes of ice on the injured area every 2 hours.

Caleb is an athletic trainer watching a football game. One of the players does not get up after tackling an opponent. Caleb responds and finds the player unconscious. Caleb wants to conduct a primary-injury survey but suspects a spinal injury. What should he do?

Use the jaw-thrust maneuver to check the airway.

Ray is an athletic trainer for a women's field hockey team. As one athletic trainer on a larger staff, his main job is to travel with the team to all of their games. This allows him to provide in-game treatments for the team, a luxury that many teams do not have. This also places extra requirements on him as well, having to serve as first responder for any injuries and emergencies the team encounters. Shalie, the team captain, is trying to keep defending an opponent with the ball. Ray is watching closely as the opponent attempts to move around Shalie. Shalie suddenly collapses to the ground clutching her knee. Ray immediately responds with a primary-injury survey. Acknowledging no life-threatening emergencies, he moves on to the secondary-injury survey. As Ray is gathering the history of Shalie, what should he ask her?

What does the pain feel like?

Ultrasound is not recommended during ___ stages of healing.

acute

Allen is performing a primary-injury survey on an athlete who collapsed on the basketball court. He is tilting the athlete's head back and lifting the chin. Which part of the basic CABs is he evaluating?

airway

Stan injured his ankle just over 48 hours ago. To help reduce swelling and reduce pain, what should he do?

apply contrast therapy

Strength test

asking the athlete to contract the injured muscle or the muscles around the injured joint without moving the bones

Zach is an ATSA who has been trained on the use of TENS. He has an athlete who comes in with an injury to his thigh. Where does Zach place the pads of the TENS unit for treatment?

away from injury

Claire is an athletic trainer observing a volleyball match. One of the athletes collapses on the floor. She conducts the primary-injury survey and realizes that the athlete is not breathing and does not have a pulse. After telling her ATSA to call 911, what does Claire do next?

begin cpr

ice massage

briskly rubbing ice over an injured area

How do TENS units achieve their effect?

by stimulating nerve tissue

Subjective

chronicles the subjective events of an injury from he point of view of the athlete

Peter is in the acute stages of healing an injury. What type of therapy would be most effective for him to use?

cold

After Logan completed his rehabilitation, he was cleared for play. Every once in a while he gets a muscle spasm from his previous injury. This keeps him from performing in practices and tournaments due to the pain. What does the athletic trainer facilitate to alleviate his muscle spasms?

electrical stimulation

ATSAs are allowed to diagnose injuries.

false

Speed should not be considered when evaluating an injury.

false

Therapeutic ultrasound is used to produce internal body images.

false

Ultrasound should be used over fluid-filled cavities.

false

Ultrasound should not be used over _

fractures

It has been recommended that Cameron use cryotherapy for his injuries. What is a possible reason he should not use this therapy?

he has thermoregulatory problems

As an athletic trainer, Rick is interested in utilizing therapeutic electrical modalities for his athletes. What does he need to do before beginning to use this treatment?

his state regulations

an advantage of __ ____ is that the athlete can perform some movement exercises during immersion.

ice baths

FES

improves function through electrical stimulation

After visiting the physician 24 hours after his injury, Logan was diagnosed with a muscle strain in his lower back. The doctor recommended a contrast therapy approach until Logan can begin his rehabilitation program designed by his athletic trainer. When would the physician tell Logan he might be able to begin the contrast therapy?

in 24 hours

stability test

investigating ligamentous laxity

Ruby just got injured. Why should she avoid using ultrasound during the acute stage of healing?

it produces heat

What is one way to check for signs of breathing?

look for signs

observation

looking for deformity, swelling, bleeding, and color changes to the skin.

passive motion

movement through a range of motion performed by the examiner

objective

objectively document the injury from the athletic trainer's observations

Gary was recently injured during practice. He has a big competition coming up and wants to be ready to go. What does the athletic trainer employ to decrease his recovery time?

physical modalities

An ___ consists of determining whether serious or life-threatening injuries exist.

primary-injury survey

ultrasound uses _ waves to provide healing

sound

Gerald is an athletic trainer who is allowed to deliver ultrasound therapy to his athletes. One of his athletes is having aching during the treatment. What should Gerald do?

speed up the movement of the transducer

plan

the course of action for response to the injury

What is the purpose of the daily sideline injury report?

to easily track athletes over the course of a season

palpation

touching the injured athlete to determine the extent of the injury