Spotlight B Summative Quiz

Which of the following is NOT a source of healthy fats? a. cheese b. oily fish c. plant oils d. nuts

a. cheese

Which of the following does NOT increase the risk of cardiovascular disease? a. high HDL cholesterol b. high total blood cholesterol c. high blood triglycerides d. high LDL cholesterol

a. high HDL cholesterol

Which of the following statements about trans fats is true? a. Trans fat consumption raises HDL cholesterol and lowers LDL cholesterol. b. Trans fat consumption lowers HDL cholesterol and raises LDL cholesterol. c. Trans fat intake should be limited to no more than 5% of total calories. d. Trans fats are present only in foods that contain partially hydrogenated oils.

b. Trans fat consumption lowers HDL cholesterol and raises LDL cholesterol.

Regularly eating which of the following is NOT directly associated with reducing the risk of cardiovascular disease? a. oily fish b. low-fat foods c. nuts d. whole grains, oats, rye, and barley

b. low-fat foods

Macrophages are transformed into foam cells as they uncontrollably take up a. blood clots. b. oxidized LDL. c. HDL cholesterol. d. triglycerides.

b. oxidized LDL.

Which of the following dietary substitutions will result in the smallest reduction in the risk of cardiovascular disease? a. substituting monounsaturated fats with carbohydrates b. substituting saturated fats with carbohydrates c. substituting trans fats with unsaturated fats d. substituting saturated fats with polyunsaturated fats

b. substituting saturated fats with carbohydrates

Which of the following is the most effective dietary substitution to reduce the risk of coronary heart disease? a. substituting saturated fats with monounsaturated fats b. substituting saturated fats with polyunsaturated fats c. substituting carbohydrates from refined starches and added sugars with polyunsaturated fats d. substituting saturated fats with carbohydrates from whole grains

b. substituting saturated fats with polyunsaturated fats

Which type of dietary fat has the most detrimental effect on cardiovascular disease risk? a. plant oils b. trans fat c. saturated fat d. animal fats

b. trans fat

Which of the following is NOT a reason why eating five ounces of nuts per week is associated with a lower risk of heart disease? a. They contribute unsaturated fatty acids. b. They contribute phytochemicals and antioxidants. c. They are low in calories. d. They do not contain cholesterol.

c. They are low in calories.

All of the following are modifiable risk factors for cardiovascular disease except a. a diet high in saturated and trans fats, cholesterol, sodium, and added sugar b. smoking and excess alcohol consumption c. aging d. sedentary lifestyle

c. aging

The narrowing, thickening, and loss of elasticity of arteries due to the accumulation of fatty deposits is a. an infarction. b. a stroke. c. atherosclerosis. d. hypertension.

c. atherosclerosis.

Which of these blood lipid value recommendations is NOT correct? a. total blood cholesterol less than 200 mg/dl b. HDL cholesterol more than 60 mg/dl c. blood triglycerides less than 200 mg/dl d. LDL cholesterol less than 100 mg/dl

c. blood triglycerides less than 200 mg/dl

Fruits and vegetables contain flavonoids, which reduce heart disease risk by a. decreasing HDL cholesterol and increasing LDL cholesterol. b. decreasing blood triglycerides. c. decreasing LDL oxidation and blood clotting. d. increasing HDL cholesterol and decreasing LDL cholesterol.

c. decreasing LDL oxidation and blood clotting.

Which of the following is NOT a risk factor that is linked with metabolic syndrome? a. elevated blood glucose levels b. hypertension c. elevated HDL cholesterol d. large waistline

c. elevated HDL cholesterol

A patient with a large waistline, high fasting blood sugar, total cholesterol 180 mg/dl, and HDL 30 mg/dl would a. be at risk of cerebral stroke b. be at risk of cardiovascular disease c. have metabolic syndrome d. have metabolic syndrome and a high risk of cardiovascular disease

c. have metabolic syndrome

Approximately what fraction of adults in the United States either have hypertension or cardiovascular disease, or die from cardiovascular disease? a. one-half b. one-quarter c. one-third d. one-fifth

c. one-third

Which of the following statements about fatty acids is NOT true? a. Increased intake of omega-3 fatty acids can delay clotting. b. Increased intake of EPA and DHA reduces blood triglycerides. c. Omega-6 fatty acids should make up 5% to 10% of total calories. d. A 10-to-1 ratio of dietary omega-6 to omega-3 fatty acids is generally recommended.

d. A 10-to-1 ratio of dietary omega-6 to omega-3 fatty acids is generally recommended.

Which of the following is NOT true about the development of atherosclerosis? a. Foam cells are the source of the lipid deposits that form plaque. b. Atherosclerosis is an inflammatory disease. c. Hypertension can play a major role in plaque formation. d. External factors, such as smoking, cannot cause injury involved in the atherosclerotic inflammation.

d. External factors, such as smoking, cannot cause injury involved in the atherosclerotic inflammation.

Which of the following statements about brain health is NOT true? a. Atherosclerosis in cerebral arteries increases the risk of dementia. b. Interruption of blood flow to the brain causes a stroke. c. Increased intakes of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) may lower the risk of dementia. d. Metabolic syndrome does not increase the risk of stroke.

d. Metabolic syndrome does not increase the risk of stroke.

Which of the following is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease? a. intake of fatty foods such as avocados and olives b. eating a diet high in whole grains c. moderate alcohol intake d. a diet low in polyunsaturated fats

d. a diet low in polyunsaturated fats