Spread of the French Revolution Review Sheet questions
What other factors were preventing German Unification.
-Austria & France -1848 failures -Religion: Catholic south, Protestant north
What were the main goals of the Congress of Vienna?
-Balance of Power: Redraw the Map- to make sure no one empire had too much geographic influence and one could never take over all of Europe -Restore the Monarchy: "Turn Back The Clock" Conservative: believe the role of the government was to maintain order and stability -Lasting Peace: Concert of Europe- prevent war by working together and talking together to create peace
What was the Zollverien? How did it promote economic nationalism?
-Customs union which eliminated trade barriers (remove internal customs), although upholding a protectionist tariff system with foreign trade partners , this led to economic nationalism -Germany was rich in resources and became industrialized during this era
How was the Revolution of 1848 in France two revolutions?
-February days- people wanted a republic (liberals, radicals, and socialists declared the second republic) → similar to national republic -June Days- the working man's socialist revolution in France ended in spectacular failure (violent and many people killed)
Did Boliviar realize his dream of Gran Colombia? Explain?
-It only lasted until 1830 -Geography created regionalism, people more loyal to their area than LA
Why did most of the democracies fail in Latin American countries?
-Little experience with self-government which led to the ----rise of dictatorships (uneducated) -Wrote Constitutions but not enforced -Inequalities of income and power -Power of Church (similar to Feudal Societies), supported the Status Quo -Lack of educational system
What type of government did Brazil have after independence?
-Monarchy -Last Western hemisphere nation to end slavery 1888- led to the establishment of Favela's. The government had planned some financial aid but it never occurred due to a military coup
Which nations made most decisions during the Congress of Vienna? Who dominated the Congress?
-Prince Clemens von Metternich, Austria -Alexander I, Russia -Lord Robert Castlereagh, Britain
After Independence what was the political trend in Latin America?
-The Creole were the ruling Elite, Oligarchy (power in the hands of a few -Most formed Military dictatorships
Describe the results of the revolution of 1848?
-The Prince compromised on a constitution that called for an emperor and a two-house parliament. The Prussian king -Frederick William IV was invited to be emperor but he refused. "He refused to take the Crown from the gutter." -The German Confederation of 1815 was reestablished.
Why did representatives from many European countries meet in Vienna between 1814 and 1815? Which nations made most decisions during the Congress of Vienna?
-To restore order in Europe and to create stability and peace and to undo the French Revolution. -Great Britain, Russia, Prussia, and Austria made most of the decisions (Quadruple Alliance).
What are the long term results of the Revolutions of 1848?
-Unification of Italy -Unification of Germany -Break up of the Austrian Empire -Break up of the Ottoman Empire -Rise in Nationalism will create nationalism -Competition will create conflict -Arms race -WWI
Why did the Congress of Vienna fail to maintain the power of the monarchs over a long period of time?
-can't fully go back to the way it was before French Revolution -people don't want to lose the idea of liberty -failed to foresee how powerful nationalism and liberalism was -Band-Aid: kept the peace for 40 years, 99 years until WWI
How many republics were set up as a result of the Latin American Revolutions?
18 Republics
How does a "balance of power" create peace?
A balance of power creates peace bc not one country will have too much geographical/military power and not one country could take over Europe.
What is a "balance of power"?
A balance of power prevented any one nation from becoming militarily stronger than its neighbors, allowing Europe to be at peace, and preventing war.
Explain how the Greeks got independence?
Britain, France, and Russia forced Ottomans to grant independence but they were forced to take a German king. The Ottoman Empire was called the "sick man of Europe." The European's wanted to weaken it so they could claim their lands.
Why did conflict exist between Absolute rulers and some members of their societies in the 1800s?
Charles X (believer in absolutism) rejected the Charter of French Liberties, suspended the legislature, limited the right to vote, and rejected the press. Radicals/liberals wanted a Republic and Moderates wanted a constitutional Monarchy. They both wanted a change in the government so they could gain more rights.
What was the main idea of Boliviar's Jamaican Letter?
Gran Colombia cannot exist because it's impractical and a Republic is only possible if a dictator develops.
Which European nations are missing from the chart? Why?
Great Britain (island nation) and Russia. They were not really involved with the rest of Europe.
Which was the most successful?
Greece and Serbia were the most successful bc the Ottoman Empire was falling apart
What was the main idea of Boliviars address to the Congress of Venezuela?
He says he thinks thinks the government of LA should be a dictatorship because the people of LA are uneducated.
What were the causes of the revolts?
Industrialization, the middle class wanted reforms, and the desire to get rid of foreigners.
How did liberals differ from conservatives?
Liberals wanted a change in the government and they wanted to make it more democratic. Conservatives wanted to conserve the existing way of life (monarchy).
How did liberals differ from radicals?
Liberals wanted a change in the government and they wanted to make it more democratic. Conservatives wanted to conserve the existing way of life (monarchy).
How did the topography of Latin America impact the independence movements?
Mountains and deserts isolated people and led to regionalism and development of diverse cultures
what was the social hierarchy of colonial Latin America based on?
Peninsulares, creoles, mesitoz/mulattoes, Africans/ natives.
Who dominated the Congress?
Prince Klemens Von Metternich- helped restore Europe;s monarchs after the turmoil of the French Revolution and the Napoleonic Wars.
What events and ideas inspired individuals who wanted to change society?
Revolutionaries were influenced by the ideas of the Enlightenment and the American and French Revolutions.
Explain how the Serbs got independence?
Serbia was part of the Ottoman Empire before Austria. They did not achieve a separate state but they achieved a separate rule.
Explain the goal of the socialists?
Socialists demanded "the right to work" and "a living wage."
What was the Concert of Europe?
The Concert of Europe is the general agreement among the leading powers about the aims of Congress. Representatives wanted to prevent future aggression on the part of France. The Congress redrew a map of Europe in effort to prevent one nation from dominating other nations. The great powers successfully restored a balance of power.
Was the Congress of Vienna a success or a failure?
The goal was to contain the spread of the French Revolution (impossible; already spread to other nations) Success- 40 years of peace and 99 years until WWI. Failure- failed to foresee nationalism and liberalism.
Why were absolute rulers conservative?
They were conservatives bc conservatives wanted to keep the old way of government, which was a monarchy.
Describe "Germany" before German unification.
Unified by: -Language -Reaction against Napoleon -Zollverein (except Austria) -Traditions, customs, literature
Explain the meaning of Metternich's quote?
When France had the ideas of revolution, it influenced and affected the rest of Europe and gave them the ideas to create a Revolution of their own.
Did Europe benefit from Metternich's idea of a "balance of power"?
Yes, Europe benefited because the decisions reduced conflict in Europe of a long period of time (40 years of peace, 99 years until WWI)
