SPTE Exam 4

Rule Breaking in Sport: rules are l__________d, rule breaking results in c____________s such as p___________s and _____________

-Rules are learned. -Rule breaking results in consequences, such as penalties and suspensions.

Ben Johnson

Canadian sprinter, one of the first track athletes that tested positive for steroids. He got banned from the sport and stripped of his awards

Groups of Drug Users in Sport (5)

College Athletes Olympic Athletes Weightlifters Professional Athletes Adolescent Age School Children (most disturbing)

Anabolic Steroids: increase ___________ size, _______ and _________; _ _ _ _ _ scandal, increased _______ testing

Increased muscle size, speed, and power BALCO scandal Increased drug testing

Use of Sport to Promote Religious Schools - 2 football, 1 basketball

Notre Dame (football) Gonzaga (basketball) Brigham Young University (football)

Methods of Administration of Drugs (4)

Orally (Swallowing) Sublingually By Injection (Intramuscularly) Topically

Performance Enhancers: Some athletes use ____________ or other drugs. Increased use and _____________ (e.g., Alex Rodriguez, Ryan Braun) Random ______ _____________ in the Olympics and some ______________- leagues (MLB congressional hearings) Usage is not a new phenomenon but does get more __________ _________________ now.

Some athletes use steroids or other drugs. Increased use and scandals (e.g., Alex Rodriguez, Ryan Braun) Random drug testing in the Olympics and some professional leagues (MLB congressional hearings) Usage is not a new phenomenon but does get more media exposure now.

Electronic Media: Sport action will be viewed ___ ____________. Fantasy teams and leagues will be ________________. Online sport w_____________ will grow. Athletes will be more ______________ to fans through _________ _________. __________ (e.g., ESPN) will continue to grow.

Sport action will be viewed on demand. Fantasy teams and leagues will be interactive. Online sport wagering will grow. Athletes will be more accessible to fans through social media. Giants (e.g., ESPN) will continue to grow.

Politics - definition

The art and science of governing, influencing policy, or controlling a government Despite negative connotations, a dominant component of any culture

Anabolic: t_________e building effects; increases in ____________ cell size and s__________h

Tissue-Building Effects - Increases in Muscle Cell Size - Increases in Strength?

The Olympic Charter and Social Responsibility quote: "The goal of Olympism is to place ______ at the service of the h_________________ development of humanity, with a view to promoting a p_____________ society concerned with the p__________________ of human dignity."

"The goal of Olympism is to place sport at the service of the harmonious development of humanity, with a view to promoting a peaceful society concerned with the preservation of human dignity."

High School and Collegiate Sport: -As competition _____________, rules may become _________, and coaches and players may try to ______ at all cost. -However, NCAA _______________ for coaches for violations have ______________.

-As competition increases, rules may become looser, and coaches and players may try to win at all cost. -However, NCAA has punishments for coaches for violations have increased.

Reducing Violence: changes in the _ _ _ treatment of ____________, _ _ _ studies of brain ________, mentors in Violence P_________ program, ____________ for players accused of violent behavior

-Changes in the NHL treatment of fighting -NFL studies of brain trauma -Mentors in Violence Prevention program -Suspensions for players accused of violent behavior?

Concussions and Sports: which age group is more likely to be concussed and recover more slowly, concussions have ____________ in the last ____ years, ___/____ concussed high school athletes return to play before recovery, strict concussion ______________ are needed

-Children and teens are more likely than adults to be concussed and recover more slowly. -Concussions doubled in the last 10 years. -Two of five concussed high school athletes return to play before they have recovered. -Strict concussion guidelines are needed.

Influence of Youth Sport: coach's role, __________ through sports _________

-Coach's role—to teach young athletes the rules -Citizenship Through Sports Alliance

On-Field Violence in Sport: -Demands of _________ and _________ sports -"_________" roles -Societal view of ______________ encouraging _________ mentality -"It's just ______ of the ______"

-Demands of collision and contact sports -"Enforcer" roles -Societal view of masculinity encouraging warrior mentality -"Part of the game" -Examples: Richie Incognito, Ndamukong Suh

Examples of Rule Breaking -Illegally ______________ equipment -Committing a ______ -Faking injury to cause a _________-_____ -Participating in a _______ -Taking other disallowed actions for __________ advantage

-Illegally modifying equipment -Committing a foul -Faking injury to cause a time-out -Participating in a brawl -Taking other disallowed actions for strategic advantage

Emotion and Sport: Fans -Increased e_____________t and a__________l with tailgating and alcohol use -__________________

-Increased excitement and arousal with tailgating and alcohol use -Hooliganism

Off-Field Violence: it is ____________ whether ____-field violence leads to ____-field violence. ___________ increases the incidence of violence; athletes are ________ prone to binge drinking. Some sports _______ _______ cause violent off-field behavior but __________ ______-violent people. Challenges to ______________ can arise off the field.

-It is unclear whether on-field violence leads to off-field violence. -Alcohol increases the incidence of violence; athletes are more prone to binge drinking. -Some sports may not cause violent off-field behavior but attract more-violent people. -Challenges to manhood can arise off the field.

Concussions and the NFL: long term effects (dementia, Alzheimer's, and d_____________) and NFL legal settlement involving ____________ retired players

-Long-term effects can include dementia, depression, and Alzheimer's disease. -NFL legal settlement involves 18,000 retired players.

Violence: what is the perception, deal with media exposure/leniency, sport is a _______ of society in violent acts and a______________e of violent acts

-Perception that athletes are more violent than other people -Perception fed by media exposure and occasional leniency given to accused athlete offenders -Sport as mirror of society in violent acts and acceptance of violent acts

Violence Against Women: -Rape culture at universities --One in ______ women is raped. --Rape is committed by a rising proportion of _________ and men at __________ academies.

-Rape culture at universities --One in five women is raped. --Rape is committed by a rising proportion of athletes and men at military academies. -Title IX and sexual violence cases -Domestic abuse and athletes -Sense of entitlement?

Consequences of On-Field Violent Behavior (5) -Shortened ___________ (and reduced _________) -Pressure to return from __________ -C_______________: recent change in perspective -Negative ____________ for teams, leagues, organizations -Poor ___________ modeling

-Shortened career (and reduced earnings) -Pressure to return from injury -Concussions: recent change in perspective -Negative publicity for teams, leagues, organizations -Poor behavior modeling

Emotion and Sport: Athletes (4) -________ of competition -Being consumed by ___________ -Optimal levels of a_______l and i_________ -Role of ______

-Stress of competition -Being consumed by emotion -Optimal levels of arousal and intensity -Role of anger

Rational Rule Breaking (3)

-To help the team (or individual) win -Because "everyone is doing it" -As acceptable behavior when a rule is considered bad

Results of Recent Drug Testing: 2012 summer vs 2014 winter olympics, $10 ___________ _ _ _ research fund to develop new tech for ______ _____________, _ _ _ penalties for drug use are ___________ in major leagues

2012 Summer Olympics: 5,000 tests, 9 positives 2014 Winter Olympics: 2,453 tests, 8 positives $10 million IOC research fund to develop new technology for drug monitoring MLB penalties for drug use—toughest in major U.S. leagues

Reasons for Drug(?) Use: accepted medical use vs why athletes use them

Accepted Medical Uses -healing/burn victims To Enhance Athletic Performance To Improve Appearance

Activities, such as ___________ entertainment, will continue to _________ for people's time. C____________t will be needed to attract sport ___________ and increase _________ activity among young people.

Activities, such as electronic entertainment, will continue to compete for people's time. Commitment will be needed to attract sport dropouts and increase physical activity among young people.

Gambling in Sport: Fans. All but _____________ U.S. states allow some type of gambling. (________ and ______) Some $_______ billion is bet illegally each year on _________ _____________. Roughly $____ million is bet legally each year on _______ __________ through Las Vegas. The NCAA and professional sport leagues __________ legalized gambling.

All but two U.S. states allow some type of gambling. (Hawaii and Utah) Some $2.5 billion is bet illegally each year on March Madness. Roughly $85 million is bet legally each year on March Madness through Las Vegas. The NCAA and professional sport leagues oppose legalized gambling.

Hazing vs. Bullying: similarities/differences Both involve an imbalance of _________ and s________s. Bullying is always marked by a______________e behavior intended to ______. Hazing may involve some of the same qualities but is less ____________.

Both involve an imbalance of power and status. Bullying is always marked by aggressive behavior intended to harm. Hazing may involve some of the same qualities but is less frequent.

Sport and Change: champion athletes have a ______________ if they choose to use it (two examples), not all athletes who use the _____________ are successful or liked (example)

Champion athletes have a platform—if they choose to use it. Notable examples include Muhammad Ali and Billie Jean King. Not all athletes who use the platform are successful or liked (e.g., Curt Flood).

Benefits and Challenges of Sport at Different Ages

Children: fast development of skills, social interaction, rule following, self-concept Youth: transitions, critical time for dropouts Adults: close relationships, self-challenge, less priority on physical activity Older adults: social and health reasons for participation

Christian Influence on Sport: Churches use ________ to attract people. Catholics started the C Y O; Protestants started the _ _ _ _. Some athletes use religion to conquer ______ and find __________ _____________ in sport. Link between _________ and ________ can reinforce a desired code of _________. Sport instills P____________ values (e.g., hard work, self-discipline, striving for success).

Churches use sport to attract people. Catholics started the CYO; Protestants started the YMCA. Some athletes use religion to conquer fear and find deeper meaning in sport. Link between religion and sport can reinforce a desired code of conduct. Sport instills Protestant values (e.g., hard work, self-discipline, striving for success).

Government Use of Sport to Promote Unity and Identity (4) Cities try to attract _____ sport in order to increase their _________________. Sport can unify ____________ and provide topics of _________________. Sport can promote collective _____________ through apparel. Cities and countries hold ____________ sporting events.

Cities try to attract pro sport in order to increase their attractiveness. Sport can unify strangers and provide topics of conversation. Sport can promote collective identity through apparel. Cities and countries hold special sporting events.

Gambling on Sport: College Students College athletes have a _________ rate of problem gambling than nonathletes. In 2008, ____% of male athletes and ____% of female athletes admitted _______ on sport events. Students with a gambling problem tend to have other _________ (4 things).

College athletes have a higher rate of problem gambling than nonathletes. In 2008, 30% of male athletes and 7% of female athletes admitted betting on sport events. Students with a gambling problem tend to have other issues (e.g., binge eating, heavy drinking, tobacco or marijuana use).

Aggression definition: behavior ____________ _________ another person and intended to d____________ or master

Definition: behavior directed toward another person and intended to dominate or master

Role of U.S. Government in Sport Designates the _ _ _ _ but does not provide its ________. Intervenes to address _________ or _______ ________ in sport (e.g., MLB steroid use/drug testing). Helps regulate event ________ Protects citizens' _________ Promotes e_______ o_________________ Protects the public's f__________ i_____________

Designates the USOC but does not provide its funding. Intervenes to address scandals or social issues in sport (e.g., MLB steroid use and drug testing). Helps regulate event security. Protects citizens' rights. Promotes equal opportunity. Protects the public's financial interest.

Types of Deviant Behavior: definition and examples

Deviant behavior: Behavior that is beyond "normal" behavior; can be good or bad Not conforming to the group's rules and norms Overconforming to the group's expectations

Scandals

East Germans Chinese Swimmers Cyclists Ben Johnson Major League Baseball Players Others

Eating Disorders cont: Eating disorders have ____________ since Title IX was enacted (more _________ participants). These disorders can be ______________- inadvertently by coaches and parents. Female athlete triad: (3 disorders)

Eating disorders have increased since Title IX was enacted (more female participants). These disorders can be encouraged inadvertently by coaches and parents. Female athlete triad: -Disordered eating -Amenorrhea -Osteoporosis

Technology: _______________ and ___________ improvements will result in better _________________. _______________ methods will be improved. People will develop new ____________ and __________________ enhancers. The process of ________________ from injury will be improved.

Equipment and facility improvements will result in better performances. Training methods will be improved. People will develop new drugs and performance enhancers. The process of recovering from injury will be improved.

Islam and Sport: Every action meant to glorify ________ Women ____________ or required to wear ______________ dress but starting to have greater impact in ______________ sport No sport _____________ for males (sport and games part of expected teachings) Prime example of athlete

Every action meant to glorify Allah Women banned or required to wear traditional dress but starting to have greater impact in international sport No sport prohibition for males (sport and games part of expected teachings) Muhammad Ali

U.S. Social Trends That Will Affect U.S. Sport (continued) (4) Expansion of _______ management ___________ breaking due to ___________ advances Changing attitudes toward g___________ Increase in coaching ______________

Expansion of sport management Record breaking due to scientific advances Changing attitudes toward gambling Increase in coaching competence

Use of Sport to Promote Religion (4 different orgs)

Fellowship of Christian Athletes Athletes in Action Pro Athletes Outreach National Christian College Athletic Association

Benefits of Sport and Physical Activity (6) ____ ________ health _________ integration m_______ development p___________ development c___________ development

Fun Better health Social integration Moral development Personal development Cognitive development

Social Theories and Change: functionalist, conflict, feminist Functionalist: Sport can be changed from the _________. Conflict: _______________ sport programs allow more people to participate. Feminist: Women will assume more ______________ positions in sport.

Functionalist: Sport can be changed from the inside. Conflict: Participation sport programs allow more people to participate. Feminist: Women will assume more leadership positions in sport.

U.S. Social Trends That Will Affect U.S. Sport: _______ trends (terrorism, ______ economy), increase in number of o______r athletes, protection of citizens' _______, protection of sport i____________

Global trends (e.g., terrorism, global economy) Increase in number of older athletes Protection of citizens' rights Protection of sport investments

Sport as Opiate of the Masses: Governments use sport to ____________ citizens from _________ _______________. Sport is used to _______ citizens for a ____________ cause in both developed and ______________ countries.

Governments use sport to distract citizens from societal inequities. Sport is used to rally citizens for a united cause in both developed and developing countries.

History of Religion and Sport ________ festivals honored gods. __________ emperor ___________ I banned the Olympics due to ________ elements. The ____________ saw sport as a _________ pursuit that should be avoided. ____________ Christianity, however, approached physical fitness as a _________.

Greek festivals honored gods. Roman emperor Theodosius I banned the Olympics due to pagan elements. The Puritans saw sport as a leisure pursuit that should be avoided. Muscular Christianity, however, approached physical fitness as a virtue.

Participation Sport (continued): Growth will continue in c_____________ programs, e___________ sports, and ____________ sport clubs. Funding challenges will persist, including competition with p_________________ sport programs for money and facilities.

Growth will continue in community programs, extreme sports, and college sport clubs. Funding challenges will persist, including competition with performance sport programs for money and facilities.

Hazing in Sport: definition, hazing as a _______ ___ _________, about ____% of college athletes report having been hazed, ______ athletes are at risk

Hazing is any action that inflicts mental or physical harm or anxiety or demeans or degrades—regardless of intent or consent. Hazing is seen by some as a rite of passage. About 75% of college athletes report having been hazed. All athletes are at risk.

Participation Sport (3) Health struggles will continue to ____________. D______________ programs will use sport as a vehicle to achieve s_________ goals. The connection will become clearer between ____________ activity and ________ and ________ of life.

Health struggles will continue to increase. Development programs will use sport as a vehicle to achieve social goals. The connection will become clearer between physical activity and health and quality of life.

Four Perspectives on Politics and Sport How _____________ uses sport to _____________ citizens' quality of life How sport can ____________ the status quo How nations s___________ international teams to promote _____________ pride The politics of sport i_____________

How government uses sport to improve citizens' quality of life How sport can reinforce the status quo How nations sponsor international teams to promote patriotic pride The politics of sport institutions

Olympic Charter and Social Responsibility (continued): _ _ _ hopes to achieve this goal... Bringing sport to _______ and _______________ communities Aiding local e_________ development Rehabilitating ______ victims Helping prevent ______/________ Bringing hope and joy to ___________ camps

IOC initiatives to achieve this goal: Bringing sport to rural and underdeveloped communities Aiding local economic development Rehabilitating war victims Helping prevent HIV/AIDS Bringing hope and joy to refugee camps

Amateur Sports Capital of the World

Indianapolis, Indiana

Social Theories and Change (continued): interactionist, critical Interactionist: Athletes will ______ changes from the ____________ up. Critical: E_________ can take the lead in _______________ the value and place of sport in society.

Interactionist: Athletes will force changes from the bottom up. Critical: Educators can take the lead in determining the value and place of sport in society.

Potential Funding Sources for Sport Development Programs (5)

International groups (e.g., UNESCO, IOC) Multinational corporations Government groups Social organizations (e.g., community centers, schools, recreation departments, faith-based organizations) Charitable organizations

Judaism and Sport: Jewish ____________ dominant in early ________s Many Jewish _______________ players in ________s Baseball (Hank _____________, Sandy ___________) Olympics (Mark _______, Kerri _______, Sarah _________)

Jewish boxers dominant in early 1900s Many Jewish basketball players in 1940s Baseball (Hank Greenberg, Sandy Koufax) Olympics (Mark Spitz, Kerri Strug, Sarah Hughes) Successes in many other sports

Social Changes (continued) x2: _ _ _ _ individuals need to be _____________ into sport and _____________ positions. People who have a _____________ need continuing _______________ in sport and physical activity.

LGBT individuals need to be welcomed into sport and leadership positions. People who have a disability need continuing opportunities in sport and physical activity.

Social Changes (continued): _________ and ______________ girls and women need to be integrated into __________ __________ _________. As women age, they look to __________ their participation in physical activity and _________-. Age-group competition opportunities will continue to ________ for older adults.

Latina and Hispanic girls and women need to be integrated into lifelong physical activity. As women age, they look to extend their participation in physical activity and sport. Age-group competition opportunities will continue to grow for older adults.

Potential Issues with Drug Use (6)= Long-term _________ risks (e.g., female __________________) Bad _________ for ___________ athletes _______________ of sport by fans, parents, kids ___________________ of non-using athletes _______________ of corporate _____________ support Futile if bar is ____________ by ____________ engineering

Long-term health risks (e.g., female infertility) Bad example for youth athletes Rejection of sport by fans, parents, kids Marginalization of non-using athletes Withdrawal of corporate financial support Futile if bar is raised by genetic engineering

Which gender is more likely to gamble? Where are non-athletes more likely to gamble? What is the typical range of gambling debt?

Male students are more likely to gamble than female students. Nonathletes are more likely to bet at casinos. Typical gambling debts range from $100 to $5,000 or even more.

Androgenic: effects (3)

Masculinizing Effects - Growth of Facial Hair - Growth of Body Hair - Deepening of the Voice

Developmental Possibilities for Sport Growing area that recognizes sport as ___________ capital has opportunities to improve l_____ for s_________l and p_____________l development for all populations, especially d____________________ ones. Body of _____________ and programming growing.

Not development in traditional sense (athlete development, economic development). Growing area that recognizes sport as social capital has opportunities to improve lives for social and personal development for all populations, especially disenfranchised. Body of research, programming growing.

Nationalism and Sport (4) ____________ symbols and ________- at international competitions National anthem played ___________ games _______-_______ college football game Historic ____________ boycotts

Patriotic symbols and colors at international competitions National anthem played before games Army-Navy college football game Historic Olympic boycotts

Spectatorship: ____-______-___ and ________ viewing will continue to revolutionize fan experiences, growing spectatorship will increase ___________ unless undercut by boom in __________ spectatorship, some will try to ________ sport gambling, ___________ will increase due to fans' _____ and __________

Pay-per-view and Internet viewing will continue to revolutionize fan experiences. Growing spectatorship will increase participation unless undercut by boom in electronic spectatorship. Some will try to legalize sport gambling. Competition will increase for fans' time and commitment.

Gambling in Sport: issue for sport organizers- if the public ________ the _________ of the game, the game's _________ declines. Example for athletes, example for referee

Perennial issue for sport organizers: If the public doubts the integrity of the game, the game's popularity declines. Athlete examples: Chicago "Black Sox," college basketball, Pete Rose Referee examples: Tim Donaghy (NBA), 2006 World Cup, soccer match fixing

Sport and Politics: politicians _________ _________ athletes, ___________ teams visit the White House, some athletes become ___________ (e.g. Bill Bradley), national sport boards and the _________ operate as ___________ organizations

Politicians congratulate successful athletes. Championship teams visit the White House. Some athletes become politicians (e.g., Bill Bradley). National sport boards and the NCAA operate as political organizations.

Types of Drug Used by Modern Athletes: _____________ and _ _ _ that promote ___________, mask ______, and carry ____-term risk; __________ that increase arousal and energy that have been in use for decades, ________ steroids that increase _________ size, ______, strength, and ability to t______ soon after exhaustion. Others: HGH, doping, amino acids.

Prescription and OTC: Promote healing, mask pain, carry long-term risk. Stimulants: Increase arousal and energy; have been in use for decades. Anabolic steroids: Increase muscle size, speed, strength, and ability to train soon after exhaustion. Others: Include HGH, doping, amino acids.

How Sport Can Contribute to Peace Building (5) S_________y Rebuilding of e_____________s and t________________d populations P____________l structure and o_____n communication R________________n in torn societies S____________ International Forum of 2011

Security Rebuilding of economies and traumatized populations Political structure and open communication Reconciliation in torn societies Second International Forum of 2011

Effects of Steroid Use: Physical and _______________ vs. _______________. Long-Term Effects ______________________________________. Many short-term effects are _______________ when use ceases. -_______ breakouts, eyes retain ________, "________ rage", shrinking of ___________, feeling of ______________. Steve Courson story.

Short-Term vs. Long-Term Physical and Physiological vs. Psychological Long-Term Effects not very well documented. Many short-term effects are reversible when use ceases. -Acne breakouts, eyes retain fluid, "road rage", shrinking of tentacles, feeling of confidence Steve Courson: USC player who wen to the Steelers (Nickname was "crow" and he used steroids. He testified before Congress about the effects he felt about long-term steroid use - he got to the point where he may need a new heart. He found a specialist who helped get his heart into better shape)

Performance Sport: International _______ participation and spectatorship will _____________—in the United States and globally. The Olympics will become more ________________. __________ sport will continue to grow. Drug-testing programs will be ________________.

Soccer participation and spectatorship will increase—in the United States and globally. The Olympics will become more professional. Female sport will continue to grow. Drug-testing programs will be expanded.

The IOC and Physical Activity: sport can help us create a _______, more _______, and more ____________ society, the three core values of the Olympic movement are...

Sport can help us create a safer, more tolerant, and more peaceful society. Three core values of the Olympic movement are excellence, friendship, and respect.

Sport and Society (4) Sport distracts from ______________ ______ Sport helps maintain __________ ______ Sport can change ___________ Sport can promote ____________

Sport distracts from difficult times (distraction = passivity). Sport helps maintain status quo (male dominance, traditional values). Sport can also change society (Jesse Owens, Arthur Ashe). Sport can promote politicians (photo ops, athletes-turned-politicians).

Sport and Development (5 different physical activities, including ___________ training)

Sport in this context includes physical activities such as the following: Strength training Running and walking Swimming Pilates Yoga

YMCA: location/sport

Springfield, Massachusetts: basketball

Development Programs for Children and Youth: stand-alone _______ and ______ activity programs (skill-focused and foundational), at-risk prevention programs (_ _ _ _, ____ & _____ _____, ___2___), ___________ enrichment and _____ programs (____ ______ combining school and sport), ____________ development and ______ (sport as a vehicle to ________ academic skills)

Stand-alone sport and physical activity programs (skill-focused, foundational) At-risk prevention programs (e.g., YMCA, Boys & Girls Clubs, Up2Us) Academic enrichment and sport programs (safe haven combining school and sport) Academic development and sport (sport as vehicle to develop academic skills)

Use of Religion by Coaches, Owners, and Organizations: Team ________ __________ code for athletes Religious ______ ____________ for players (for example other players and coaches) __________ events, Christian outreach at O_______ Informal prayer at ___________ events _________ nights in minor leagues

Team unity Moral code for athletes Religious role models for players (for example other players and coaches) Prayer events, Christian outreach at Olympics Informal prayer at school events Faith nights in minor leagues

Anabolic-Androgenic Steroids

Testosterone - Primary Natural Male Hormone Also present in females in lesser amounts

Social Changes: the C______ _______ M____________ increased diversity in sport, but m____________ opportunities still lag. _________ participation has increased, but e_____________ and a___________ leaders need to embrace Title IX. Women must be r____________d and n______________d in sport leadership roles.

The Civil Rights Movement increased diversity in sport, but minority opportunities still lag. Female participation has increased, but educational and athletic leaders need to embrace Title IX. Women must be recruited and nurtured in sport leadership roles.

Gambling Facts from the NCAA (3) The Internet has made it __________ to gamble. Student athletes are viewed as easy "_________." The NCAA prohibits athletes and athletic department personnel from any type of sport w______________.

The Internet has made it easier to gamble. Student athletes are viewed as easy "marks." The NCAA prohibits athletes and athletic department personnel from any type of sport wagering.

Peace Initiatives Through Sport: the S______ for D____________ and P______ international _______ _______ works with gov'ts to develop sport systems. Strong __________ depend on t____________ and f____________ among disparate groups. Sport provides a _____ _________ to face _________ in a structured environment.

The Sport for Development and Peace International Working Group works with governments to develop sport systems. Strong societies depend on tolerance and friendship among disparate groups. Sport provides a safe place to face conflict in a structured environment.

International Outreach Through Sport: The W _ _ emphasizes conditions and ___________ that can be addressed through physical activity. More than ____% of adults worldwide do not engage in ____________ physical activity.

The WHO (World Health Org) emphasizes conditions and diseases that can be addressed through physical activity. More than 60% of adults worldwide do not engage in sufficient physical activity.

Use of Prayer by Athletes (3) To cope with _____________ and ___________ To put ______ and _________ into perspective To build m______________ in sport participation

To cope with uncertainty and anxiety To put life and sport into perspective To build meaning in sport participation

Use of Religion by Athletes (4) To justify _______________ to high ________________ To reduce ____________ and uncertainty To enhance _________ between teammates To guide _________ decision making

To justify commitment to high performance To reduce pressure and uncertainty To enhance bonds between teammates To guide moral decision making

Eating Disorders in Sport: 4 main types, up to ___% of female athletes report having one, the percentage is ____% for males, athletes' ___________ and ________________ can lead to eating disorders if taken too far.

Types are anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, disordered eating, and compulsive exercise. Up to 33% of female athletes report having an eating disorder (more than nonathletes). The percentage for male athletes is 10%. Athletes' discipline and determination can lead to eating disorders if taken too far.

Role of U.S. Government in Physical Activity and Health: US Center for Disease Control and Prevention -links _____________ on physical activity and quality of _______, sets ________________ for physical activity., Kids: at least _ _______ of daily __________ activity Adults: least ______ minutes of weekly ____________-intensity activity _______s: President's Council on _______ Fitness _______: President's Council on Physical Fitness and Sports - (which President) Now: President's Council on Fitness, Sports, and Nutrition (for __________ people)

U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention -Links research on physical activity and quality of life. -Sets recommendations for physical activity. Kids: at least 1 hour of daily aerobic activity Adults: least 150 minutes of weekly moderate-intensity activity 1950s: President's Council on Youth Fitness 1961: President's Council on Physical Fitness and Sports -John F. Kennedy Now: President's Council on Fitness, Sports, and Nutrition (for people of all ages)

Use of Sport to Promote Social Values (US view of sport as teaching m_____________m values, capitalism, socialism, and potential to ____________ people from d_________ backgrounds in areas of _____________)

U.S. view of sport as teaching mainstream values Capitalism: competition, hard work, winners Socialism: teamwork, fitness, friendship Potential to integrate people from diverse backgrounds in areas of conflict

Conflict Between Sport and Religion: ___________ nature of some sports How athletes overcome ___________ conflicts, justify ______________ to sport, and validate sport ________________ Separate __________ Questions of _______________ and value

Violent nature of some sports How athletes overcome internal conflicts, justify dedication to sport, and validate sport experience Separate beliefs Questions of meaning and value

Performance Sport: United States Youth participation will ________________ among those who can _________ it. Schools will invest more in ____________ athletic programs but still face ______________ struggles. Professional sports will continue to d____________e; more may develop true w______d championships.

Youth participation will increase among those who can afford it. Schools will invest more in college athletic programs but still face financial struggles. Professional sports will continue to dominate; more may develop true world championships.