SS AFRICA 1.1 - 1.4

How did Islam spread throughout North and West Africa?

After Arabs invaded North Africa, Berber merchants began converting to Islam. Then West African rulers and merchants also began converting to Islam

How did desertification of the Sahara shape settlement patterns?

As the Sahara dried out, many of the people living in the Sahara migrated. Some moved north, others moved South. Those who moved East into Egypt, one of Africa's greatest civilizations.

Why did North Africa develop independently from the rest of the African continent?

B/C the Sahara cut it off from the rest of the continent

How did scarcity affect the price of salt?

Because salt was relatively scarce, its price was high and it could be traded for other valuable goods.

What group was primarily responsible for carrying Islam across the Sahara?

Berbers

Why were salt and gold such valuable resources?

Both salt and gold were used to trade for other commodities. Salt was needed to preserve meat and other foods.

In what ways did camels change trans-Saharan trade?

Camels made large-scale trade possible because the camels could carry heavy loads over long distances and required little food or water.

What valuable goods were exchanged on the trans-Saharan trade route?

Gold, copper, salt, and slaves

What effect did climate change have on the geography and climate of the Sahara?

It caused the Sahara's lakes, rivers, and grasslands to dry up and soil to become unproductive

The Sahara borders what two bodies of water on the east and west?

Red Sea and the Atlantic Ocean

What happened to slaves that reached North Africa?

Slaves who reached North Africa often became domestic servants, soldiers, artisans, or government officials

For what commodity from India were African gold and salt traded?

Spices

What major landforms are found in North Africa?

The Atlas Mountains, the Sahara desert, and the Ahaggar and Tibesti mountains

What was the Sahara like 30 million years ago? How did it transform into what it is today?

The Sahara was once an ocean. Then a savanna. Then climate drained the ocean and created a savanna. Desertification created the desert that exists today.

What happened to greatly increase the slave trade?

The arrival of Muslims traders in North Africa greatly increased the slave trade.

What happens during desertification?

The land becomes very dry and unproductive

Why might West African merchants have viewed conversion to Islam as a trading advantage?

To help facilitate trade

How were slaves primarily used?

To mine gold and salt

What was trans-Saharan trade?

Trade that crossed the Sahara

Why did traders travel in caravans?

for safety