SS3A Midterm (Modules 1.1 - 5.2)

Which of the following was mentioned in the postscript to the text called "The Ethics of Research" (Booth et al. 2008) as an example of an "obvious" ethical violation in research?

(All of the above) - Plagiarizing or taking credit for the ideas or words of others - Misreporting sources - Faking data - Concealing objections at one cannot address or rebut

Which of the following examples from the Craft of Research is considered plagiarism from its authors?

(All of the above) - Quoting, paraphrasing, or summarizing a source but failing to cite it - Borrowing ideas or methods from a source w/o citing it - Including a direct quote from a source w/ a citation but failing to put quotation marks around it (or make it a block quote) - Paraphrasing & citing a source but doing a poor job of it so that most of the original words are the same

Which of the following terms can be used as a synonym for Primary Sources in the Social Sciences?

(All of the above) - raw data - evidence - original materials - survey data

According to the APA citation system, which type of in-text citation would be required following this passage? According to one tongue-in-cheek review, if we were to take the on-camera persona known as Stephen Colbert literally when warning us of danger, we would all have spent most of the decade of the 2000s cowering in our homes, door barred, for fear of angering those voracious killing machines known more commonly as bears [what goes here?].

(Connors and Guilkey, 2015)

Booth and his co-authors go to great lengths to argue that writing serves many purposes, among them:

1) Writing helps us remember information 2) Writing helps us understand a topic better 3) Writing helps us test our thinking about a subject

Examine the list below of "Thau Shalt Nots" for researchers also found in the postscript entitled "The Ethics of Research." Which one of these ethical obligations is best satisfied by ensuring careful inclusion of the last component of a formal argument (acknowledgement and response)?

Do not conceal objections that you cannot rebut

Jocelyn used Zotero to produce the following APA-formatted references for the end of a paper she is writing. Works Cited: "2,000-year-old electronics tech still can't be matched." (2013, July 28). Fox News. Retrieved from: http://www.foxnews.com/tech/2013/07/28/2000-year-old-metal-coating-technology-cant-be-matched-even-today-for-use-in/ Naughton, J. (2010, August 8-10). "The Internet: is it changing the way we think?" theguardian.com. Retrieved from: http://www.theguardian.com/technology/2010/aug/15/internet-brain-neuroscience-debate

Excellent: these are both acceptably formatted APA-style references.

If a researcher wishes to see *both* a list (or picture) of articles that have cited a particular research paper (forward links) *and* another list of articles cited by that research paper (backward links), that researcher will need to use more than one Academic Search Engine.

False; Web of Knowledge can show a list of all cited articles and all articles cited by most of the articles in its collection. One can even request that both the "forward" and "backward" links be displayed in a network diagram.

Google will "crawl" a webpage and add it to its massive index regardless of whether that page's owner want the information indexed or not.

False; owners of webpages can decide for themselves whether they would like the contents of all the pages (or some of the pages) on websites that they own to be indexed

When we take the time to write high-quality survey questions according to the basic rules from class, we are reducing the chance of sampling error.

False; the general class of error that we are targeting when we write good survey questions is called "measurement error," not "sampling error."

The search query "Best Badminton Players" (in quotes) will produce identical Google search results as Best Badminton Players (without the quotation marks).

False; the inclusion of quotation marks changes the nature of the search, so the results will not be identical

A Researcher wants to study the health risks of living close to a toxic Superfund site (a federally recognized site that is highly polluted). In order to improve cooperation in the study, the researcher decides to include only participants who lived in an extremely poor section of the surrounding neighborhood while avoiding several million-dollar homes that were equally close to the Superfund site (where she feels the residents would not cooperate anyway). When this researcher brings this proposed plan of research in front of an Institutional Review Board, which of the following concerns (from the Belmont Report) will most definitely be raised about the ethics of this plan?

Justice

Which of the following is NOT an available method for sharing notes and other files created using Evernote?

Link Evernote and Zotero accounts and share notes w/ other Zotero users

When writing a research report Dr. Zizner includes the full set of three examples of a social phenomenon from a colleague's already-published paper (the idea), but describes each in her own words. She includes a citation to the original work. Which word describes what Dr. Zizner has done?

Paraphrasing

Suppose one of your classmates is having difficulty in the final weeks of this course w/ writing an effective introduction to a research report. Which section of The Craft of Research would be best to suggest to that student to review?

Part IV: Writing Your Argument

Which researcher defined a social scientist as someone who tries to understand society "in a disciplined way?"

Peter Berger

When deciding which information from a source is worth including in your notes, it can be helpful to think about your notes as

A map highlighting key places

Which of the following individuals would be considered a researcher (someone who prepares extensively before writing or speaking) according to Booth et al. (2016)?

All of the Above - Rachel Maddow - Albert Einstein - Bill Gates - John Oliver

In the postscript on ethics, Booth et al. (2016) point out that the word ethics derives from the Greek word ethos. Which of the following is one of the meanings of ethos?

An individual's character

Juanicia has determined that a research article she is reading is highly relevant to her research question and also very reliable. What is the very first thing that she should do next, according to Booth et al. (2016).

Copy the complete bibliographic data for the article into your notes.

After writing a first draft of a research paper, Raylene determines that she doesn't actually know as much about inheritance law and trusts as she initially thought, forcing her to go back and do much additional studying and research. This would be considered an illustration of which purpose of writing listed in pages 11-12.

Writing to Test One's Thinking - sometimes we realize that an argument or claim is wrong or has no strong basis when we write - rather than being a setback, we can see this as sparing us from the painful experience of having poorly thought-out & unsupported claims making it into later drafts of our research

After writing a first draft of a research paper, Josie realizes that her initial approach to organizing her thoughts on the topic was messy and confusing, but sees that by moving some paragraphs around, the argument can be made much clearer. This would be considered an illustration of which purpose of writing listed in pages 11-12.

Writing to Understand - writing allows us to see patterns, connections, and other elements of organization, and to focus on diff sections one at a time

Bubble.us can be thought of as a useful tool early in a research project b/c of the ease with which a user can rearrange, change, and highlight the development of a research question. This feature is most useful to researchers for ensuring that each stage of the research process has been

carefully and systematically documented

One of the more common and best suggestions for good paraphrasing is to read the passage you are interested in and then

put the actual text out of sight before attempting to paraphrase it

Which statement best describes the content and subject matter of SS3A over time?

Regularly changing in response to new technologies and research methods

Examine the two sets of possible Search queries below and determine which set(s) will produce similar results. Set 1 draft a report draft in wartime draft NCAA players draft beer clubs Set 2 write a report draft a report compose a report produce a report

Set 2 (only) will produce similar page results.

One point emphasized in the postscript entitled "The Ethics of Research" is that research is a profoundly _____ activity.

Social

There are many other websites and apps that let users create a survey online and distribute it easily like Google Apps does.

True

To create a survey using Google Apps, you should go to Google Drive, select "New" and choose "Google Form."

True

When you conduct a Google Search you are actually searching Google's index of the web, not the web itself.

True

With Zotero and similar web-based BMS, it is possible to create and share citations with others working from anywhere.

True

With correct information supplied, Zotero can automatically produce a complete works cited page or similar references list that conforms to the requirements of the APA citation system.

True

Zotero gives users the option of including notes along w/ a reference by uploading a separate file of notes or entering notes in a specific box along w/ the other information.

True

How many "plans" should a researcher have, according to Booth et al. (2016)?

Two; a plan to help "prepare and conduct" a research project, and another plan to help in writing up the results in a consistent, predictable fashion

In the short postscript entitled "The Ethics of Research" which of the following is NOT mentioned in the list of ethical responsibilities for researchers that featured prominently throughout your text?

Using research to fight against policies that you believe are unjust

The acronym VPN mentioned in today's video material stands for

Virtual Private Network

From the video lectures for today, which of the difficulties described below was used to highlight and further explain the simple principle that "every word matters" when trying to reduce measurement error in social surveys?

The complexity of translating survey questions into other languages

A student who is researching the "literature" on what is known about speech algorithms and their relationship to the free spread of information reads an important secondary source that relies heavily to a primary source. The primary source is not available online or publicly. Which source should the student describe and cite when reviewing the literature on this topic in a research paper?

The secondary source

Which of the following was NOT recommended this week as an excellent source of initial research questions? (personal experience, social problems, popular press articles, disciplinary or field problems, a survey of one's peers & friends)

A survey of one's peers and friends

Booth et al. describes the standards that "people who read a lot of research" are going to apply to the evidence in a research report. Match the following general types of evidence to the standards used to judge them.

A. Data you collected yourself <--> III. Explain all major details of how data were collected and where they are available B. Data collected by others (primary sources) <--> II. Identify the source(s) of the data and provide complete citations to where the data are available. C. Analysis done by others (secondary sources) <--> I. Identify the sources, provide complete citations, and show that you got as close to the actual data as you reasonably could

When evaluating a source for possible inclusion in a research project or paper, skimming is strongly recommended. Place the following sections in the order recommended when skimming a source that is an online article for relevance.

A. Skim the abstract --> B. Skim the introduction and conclusion --> D. Use CTRL-F or a similar function to search the article for your target keywords --> E. Skim for section headings --> C. Skim the bibliography for titles relevant to your topic

Put these basic steps in producing Google results in the correct order

A: crawling the web --> B: indexing the web --> algorithms select best results to match search query --> C: algorithms select best results to match search query --> D: things like ads are selected and mixed w/ results --> E: user responses recorded to improve future results

Booth et al. recommend that when reading a journal article that may be related to your research, that you skim first. Which section or part do they suggest that you finish with (before deciding to read the entire article)?

Bibliography

Based on the explanation in the short postscript entitled "The Ethics of Research," which rationale for avoiding plagiarism would the authors consider the strongest and most important?

Because if plagiarism becomes common, it devalues all intellectual work.

Which of the following are the three major (or basic) ethical principles described in the Belmont Report?

Beneficence, Justice, Respect for Persons

Put the following online research strategies in order from most efficient to least efficient as described in the lecture material for this week:

C: Using the "forward" feature of WOS/WOK to see what work was influenced by paper you like B: Topic of keyword search in a full-text search engine (all databases) A: Doing a general search on Google or Bing and hoping to find something "interesting"

Due to the fact that much research is collaborative, which of the following became especially important skills for researchers to master?

Communication and Writing

In the video instruction for today, measurement error was defined as "errors in observation that are introduced by the fact that we cannot measure our research subjects directly, but must take their word for it".

False

Taking the time to write a summary of what you learned during class or from a reading in your own words will make it more difficult to recall that information later b/c you are adding your biases to the basic facts.

False

The easiest way to distribute a survey created using Google App is to save a copy as a PDF and send it to the potential respondents as an email attachment.

False

The notes that one would take during a course to prepare for a final exam are similar in every major respect to the notes one would take during a research process to prepare for writing a research report.

False

When it comes to evaluating the reliability of a potential source, there are few good indicators, so one must rely mostly on "instinct."

False

Which one of the following is NOT a criterion used by most researchers to evaluate the evidence presented in a report?

How many different reasons and separate forms of evidence are presented for a claim

Which of the following academic search engines provides a PDF of the full text to some or all of the articles it indexes (without having to go to another site or search engine)?

JSTOR and Science Direct

Bubbl.us is an online app that enables a person to create

Mind maps - a relational depiction that can be used, among other things, to describe or catalog many research ideas or questions extremely quickly

Which of the following do Booth et al. consider to be "the worst mistake a researcher can make?"

Misleading a reader by portraying the ideas or words of another as one's own

Which general "type" of question would best describe the following proposed research question for an SS3A research paper? Question: Why will the Apple iPhone 7 be better than any previous smartphone on the market?

None of the above - not really a proper research question

Pretend you are asked to give feedback to a classmate about their first attempt at formulating a research question for the project in this course. Which of the following proposed research questions would be the worst example of a research question that ties together the two major themes of this course?

Privacy and Ethics: Is it legal and just for the Federal Government to use military drone technology to perform surveillance on U.S. citizens on U.S. soil?

When reading a source at an early stage of the research process, the following suggestions could be helpful. Which general purpose in reading do they potentially help with? - Look for claims that are begging for a response to some predictable disagreement - Look for patterns in the way that reasoning is developed or explained - Look for a set of arguments to model your own research paper on

These are ways to read for an argument

Which of the following was NOT found among the reasons for taking research notes?

To make a record of all information encountered

Originally, the course SS3A was proposed for what purpose?

To serve as an alternative to computer science courses for social scientists to learn research computing

The act of recalling from where or how you know something, or how to find that information again (rather than recalling the information itself) is labelled

Transactive memory

A "peer reviewed" resource is one that has undergone a careful evaluation by experts in that research field prior to publication.

True

A critical step when planning to write a research report is to think about what your potential reader will want and what they would be willing to "put up with" in order to get it.

True

Changing the focus of your research paper and the question being asked can result in reclassification of sources from secondary to primary, tertiary to secondary, and so on.

True

Depending on which item type you select (book chapter, website, etc.). Zotero will show you a customized set of fields appropriate for citing a resource of that type.

True

Even if your are not conducting research for publication, you still have an ethical obligation to use any data that you collect from others in a responsible way.

True

In Google Image Search, options for filtering image results include color, size, and file type, making it possible to search for a large black and white clipart of a church, for example.

True

In Google, the search query Tony Soprano (with capitalization) will produce the same search results as the search query tony soprano (all lowercase).

True

In addition to creating folders as a means of organizing collections of notes, Evernote gives users the ability to tag notes w/ keywords to enhance organization.

True

In the video instruction for today, most of the social survey data collection efforts produced less total data for an equal or greater cost, compared to the other major data collection efforts shown on the graphic.

True

Including the date and location where you heard a talk as part of your notes is one way to facilitate your transactive memory (the ability to remember where information is stored) b/c it provides additional memory cues or context.

True

One benefit of using an open-ended question is that you do not need to know in advance all answers that a respondent might give.

True

One of the most important skills in searching out information on the world wide web is knowing whether a general search engine like Google is the correct tool for your specific query.

True

The following is an acceptable paraphrase of the original sentence below: ORIGINAL SENTENCE: "Zotero is the only research tool that automatically senses content in your web browser, allowing you to add it to your personal library with a single click. Whether you're searching for a preprint on arXiv.org, a journal article from JSTOR, a news story from the New York Times, or a book from your university library catalog, Zotero has you covered with support for thousands of sites." (Zotero 2014) [Full reference omitted from this question] PARAPHRASE: Zotero is an incredibly useful tool for carrying out research. Among its most powerful and useful features is the ability to automatically capture or scrape information from a website with the click of a mouse or touchpad. Zotero can handle online resources of many types, from news sites to journal databased like JSTOR, and even download bibliographic information automatically from many University library catalogues (Zotero 2014).

True

The introduction to a survey should always include an explanation of that purpose so that, among other reasons, respondents understand why their participation is so important.

True

There are many different models or representations of the ideal research process, but most share the same major elements.

True