STAAR pretest Biology
Which bar graph best represents the provided data?
A
Which could be a pathway of food through an ecosystem? autotroph → heterotroph → heterotroph autotroph → autotroph → heterotroph heterotroph → autotroph → autotroph heterotroph → autotroph → heterotroph
A
Which best describes reproduction? Asexual reproduction produces offspring that are identical to the parent. Sexual reproduction allows for diploid gametes to combine to increase genetic variation. Asexual reproduction leads to the formation of haploid gametes. Sexual reproduction does not require the production of gametes.
Asexual reproduction produces offspring that are identical to the parent.
Which is an example of why the process of photosynthesis is important to life on Earth? Grass uses photosynthesis to produce glucose, which is used within the grass for growth. Fungi use photosynthesis to decompose dead and decaying plant matter. Ectothermic animals use photosynthesis to convert sunlight into energy for cell functions. Green plants use photosynthesis to remove oxygen gas from the atmosphere and replenish the earth's carbon dioxide.
Fungi use photosynthesis to decompose dead and decaying plant matter.
Which of the following incorrectly matches the term with its location? DNA is found in a chromosome. Chromosomes are found in the nucleus of a cell. Genes are located in a nucleotide. Nitrogen bases are located in the central rungs of a DNA ladder.
Genes are located in a nucleotide.
The statement "force equals mass times acceleration (F=ma)" is Newton's second law of motion. Why is this a law rather than a theory? It states, rather than explains, the relationship between the variables. It cannot be proven, whereas a theory can be proven. It may be revised if new information shows that the relationship has changed. It was classified as a law because it is related to other similar discoveries.
It cannot be proven, whereas a theory can be proven.
Lactobacillus acidophilus (below) is a probiotic microorganism typically found in the human small intestine. It has a cell wall made of peptidoglycan. It aids in the process of digestion and can commonly be obtained through sources such as acidophilus yogurt.Which characteristic proves Lactobacillus acidophilus is from the specific kingdom Eubacteria? It is multicellular. It has a cell wall. It is a microorganism. It has peptidoglycan.
It has peptidoglycan.
While studying ecosystems, Frederik reads the sentence below describing the difference between ponds and lakes. Ponds are more shallow, colder, and have more nutrients than lakes.
It incorrectly describes the two ecosystems in terms of temperature.
How could the loss of biodiversity affect humans? It may cause an increase in the human population as competition is reduced. It may lead to the loss of potential medicines, foods, and products. It could lead to a decrease in infectious and other diseases that affect humans. It could cause a decrease in the amount of pollutants on the planet.
It may lead to the loss of potential medicines, foods, and products
Consider the table. Types of Bacteria Form Shape Associated disease Coccus X Strep throat Bacillus Rod shaped Y Spirillum Spiral Cholera Which best describes X and Y?
X = Spherical; Y = E. coli
How does interphase prepare cells for mitosis? rest prior to cell division growth of cell and replication of DNA dissolution of nucleus and cell membrane division of cytoplasm
growth of cell and replication of DNA
Organisms may contain up to five levels of organization within their bodies. Which level of organization is best represented by the liver? tissue organ organism organ system
organ
When an insect is feeding on a plant, which types of tissue are at work to protect the plant and help it heal from injury? dermal and collenchyma parenchyma and collenchyma vascular and dermal ground and parenchyma
parenchyma and collenchyma
Which characteristic of life best describes the process of homeostasis? responding to the environment reproducing growing and developing using energy
responding to the environment
The diagram represents one of Mendel's laws or principles of inheritance.Which law or principle does the diagram represent? dominance independent assortment segregation genetics
segregation
Missense, nonsense, and silent mutations are examples of which type of mutation?
substitution
Why are mushrooms important to the food chain? They recycle nutrients into the ecosystem. They produce food energy for other living things. They recycle oxygen into the atmosphere. They consume excess herbivores in the ecosystem.
They recycle nutrients into the ecosystem.
Which is a feature of the life cycle of flowering seed plants, but not a feature of the life cycle of nonflowering seed plants? single fertilization dominant gametophyte insect pollination alternation of generations
insect pollination
A strand of DNA contains the bases adenine, cytosine, cytosine, and guanine, in that order. Which would be the order of the bases on the opposite strand of DNA?
thymine, guanine, guanine, and cytosine
Consider the stage of cellular respiration that is shown in the diagram.What is the net ATP gain at this stage of cellular respiration?
2
A cross is performed between a bird that is homozygous for red feathers and a bird that is homozygous for blue feathers. Purple offspring result due to incomplete dominance. Then, two of the purple offspring are crossed. What proportion of the offspring from the second cross will be purple? 1 in 4 2 in 4 3 in 4 4 in 4
2 in 4
Punnett squares are used to show possible combinations of alleles or to predict the probability of a trait occurring in offspring. A parakeet that is heterozygous for blue feathers (dominant) is crossed with a parakeet that is homozygous for white feathers (recessive). According to the Punnett square for this cross, what percentage of offspring is predicted to have blue feathers?
75 percent
A scientist has been tracking and studying a population of deer in Yellowstone National Park. He surveys the population every six months. Usually, the population is thriving and has a gene pool with a wide variety of traits. But during one six-month period, an event occurred that affected the population, and when the scientist returned, the amount of genetic variation had decreased significantly. Which of the following is most likely the event that occurred to change the population? Yellowstone National Park expanded its borders. A population of wolves was introduced into Yellowstone National Park. The amount of disease in the deer population decreased. More grass and shrubs were planted in Yellowstone National Park.
A population of wolves was introduced into Yellowstone National Park.
Chicken pox is a virus that causes an itchy rash but typically does not have any major or lasting effects on an infected person. Before 1995, chicken pox parties were popular. In a chicken pox party, healthy children were brought around children who were ill with chickenpox so that they would be exposed to the virus and their immune system would learn to fight it. A vaccine for chickenpox was developed in 1995, and chicken pox parties are now rare.Which statement best summarizes this information?
Advances in society affect science.
Which is an unreliable source? A scientist who studies dinosaurs presents her research on velociraptors at a science convention. An advertisement for acne medication claims it can clear up acne in less than one week. An article on the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) website discusses the salmonella bacteria. A chemistry teacher discusses possible projects for the upcoming science fair.
An advertisement for acne medication claims it can clear up acne in less than one week.
An animal keeper is studying X-rays of two animals, as shown. X-rays show the internal structures of an animal. Which statement is best supported by the X-rays? Animal Y has an outer skeleton, and animal Z has a spiny covering. Animal Y has a spiny covering, and animal Z has an outer skeleton. Animal Y is a vertebrate, and animal Z is an invertebrate. Animal Y is an invertebrate, and animal Z is a vertebrate.
Animal Y is an invertebrate, and animal Z is a vertebrate.
This diagram summarizes a method to group land plants.Which row in the table best represents the evolution of plants that match the diagram?Labels for Plant Classifications 123456AGymnospermsAngiospermsSeed plantsSeedless plantsMonocotsDicotsBDicotsMonocotsAngiospermsGymnospermsSeed plantsSeedless plantsCSeed plantsSeedless plantsAngiospermsGymnospermsDicotsMonocotsDSeedless plantsSeed plantsGymnospermsAngiospermsMonocotsDicots A B C D
D
Which best describes stem cells? Differentiation produces specialized cells from stem cells. Self-renewal produces specialized cells from differentiated cells. Self-renewal produces differentiated cells from stem cells. Differentiation produces stem cells from specialized cells.
Differentiation produces specialized cells from stem cells.
Read the passage about the fluoridation of drinking water. Since the early 1960s, fluoride has been added to many sources of drinking water to prevent cavities in teeth. This is called fluoridation. There are some who say that this is unnecessary and increases the risk of cancer. In 1993, the Subcommittee on Health Effects of Ingested Fluoride of the National Research Council, part of the National Academy of Sciences, conducted an extensive study about the link between fluoridated drinking water and increased cancer risk. The study included data from more than 50 human disease studies and six animal studies. The Subcommittee concluded that none of the data showed a link between fluoridated drinking water and cancer. A 1999 report by the CDC supported these findings. The CDC report concluded that studies so far have produced "no credible evidence" of a link between fluoridated drinking water and an increased risk for cancer. Which information makes this article reliable? Fluoride has been added to drinking water since the 1960s. Some people doubt the necessity of fluoridation. More than 50 studies were conducted. Fluoride has been found to prevent cavities in teeth.
Fluoride has been added to drinking water since the 1960s.
A scientist noticed that a dark-colored peppered moth is more visible on a light-colored background than a light-colored peppered moth. He wonders, "Does this difference in visibility affect the survival rate of dark moths?" Which part of the scientific method does he need to carry out next? Pose a question. Form a hypothesis. Interpret data. Form a conclusion.
Form a hypothesis
Which kingdom(s) include both unicellular and multicellular organisms? Plantae and Archaebacteria Fungi Eubacteria Animalia and Plantae
Fungi
If the endoplasmic reticulum were removed from the cell, which organelle would not be able to function properly, and why? mitochondria, because they rely on the ER as an energy source ribosomes, because they receive proteins made by the ER Golgi apparatus, because it packages proteins received from the ER cytoplasm, because it relies on the ER for structural suppor
Golgi apparatus, because it packages proteins received from the ER
Which statement best explains why meiosis produces haploid cells rather than diploid cells? Haploid cells join to form an organism that has half the number of chromosomes as the parent. Haploid cells join to form an organism that has a complete set of chromosomes. Haploid cells join to form an organism that has double the number of chromosomes as the parent. Haploid cells join to form an organism that is genetically identical to the parent.
Haploid cells join to form an organism that has a complete set of chromosomes
Which best summarizes the process of protein synthesis? RNA instructs DNA to make proteins. DNA unzips, resulting in the formation of two protein molecules. RNA moves the DNA code to the ribosomes for protein synthesis. DNA makes proteins in the nucleus.
RNA moves the DNA code to the ribosomes for protein synthesis.
All theories are hypotheses, but not all hypotheses are theories. Francis wants to know if a specific hypothesis he is researching is a theory. Which describes how Francis would know the hypothesis is a theory? He could restate the hypothesis as a fact and no longer an explanation. He could determine whether the hypothesis is based on repeated experiments. He could perform the experiment and adjust data to match the desired results. He could design and perform a new controlled experiment to test the hypothesis.
He could design and perform a new controlled experiment to test the hypothesis.
James is making models of plant and animal cells using objects supplied by his teacher to represent organelles. For one cell, he will place the objects in a shoebox. First he fills a balloon with water and places it in the shoe box. He also drops a handful of marbles into the box.Which statement most likely describes the structures he has represented so far? He is making an animal cell. The box is the cell membrane, and the balloon represents the large vacuole. The marbles are the endoplasmic reticulum. He is making a plant cell. The box is the cell wall, and the balloon represents the large vacuole. The marbles are the tiny ribosomes. He is making a plant cell. The box is the cell wall, and the balloon represents the nucleus. The marbles are the centrioles. He could be making either a plant or animal cell. The box is the cell wall, and the balloon represents the large vacuole. The marbles are the centrioles.
He is making an animal cell. The box is the cell membrane, and the balloon represents the large vacuole. The marbles are the endoplasmic reticulum.
Which two statements best describe fertilization and meiosis in the life cycle of plants?I. These processes are part of the life cycle.II. These processes produce gametophytes.III. Fertilization produces a zygote, and meiosis produces haploid spores.IV. Fertilization is used only by seedless plants; meiosis is used only by seed plants. I and III I and IV II and III II and IV
I and IV
Which process occurs within the mitochondria? lactic acid fermentation alcohol fermentation glycolysis Krebs cycle
Krebs cycle
Sebastian wants to make ball-and-stick models of the four macromolecules. He has colored balls for each of the elements in these molecules, including the following. red: hydrogenblack: carbonpurple: oxygengreen: nitrogenWhich molecule could he make that consists of long chains of red and black colored balls? carbohydrates lipids nucleic acids proteins
Lipids
Living organisms share certain characteristics of life. Two living organisms, a pine tree and a sea urchin, are pictured below. Photo by DavidWhich statement describes a difference in one of the characteristics of life shared by these organisms? One of the organisms produces asexually, the other does not. One of the organisms uses plants for energy, the other uses animals for energy. One of the organisms gets energy from the sun, the other does not. One of the organisms grows and changes, but the other does not.
One of the organisms gets energy from the sun, the other does not.
What best describes the association between the carbon cycle, plants, and animals? Plants fix carbon and release oxygen, and animals release carbon and use oxygen. Animals fix carbon and release oxygen, and plants release carbon and use oxygen. Animals fix carbon through respiration, and plants fix carbon through photosynthesis. Plants decompose fixing carbon, and animals decompose releasing carbon.
Plants fix carbon and release oxygen, and animals release carbon and use oxygen.
Sophie says dolphins and sharks look very similar, so they must be related. Jake disagrees, saying DNA evidence has shown that dolphins and other aquatic mammals are actually more closely related to the ancestors of modern hippos. Who is correct using the modern system of classification? Sophie is correct because dolphins look more like sharks than like hippos. Jake is correct because classification is based on evolutionary relationships. Both are correct because traditional and modern classifications can overlap. Neither is correct because neither is taking into account both the traditional and modern systems
Sophie is correct because dolphins look more like sharks than like hippos.
A student argues that being separated geographically is the only way for speciation to occur. Why is he wrong? Speciation does not usually rely on geographic isolation. Speciation can occur from biological forces as well. Speciation can occur from variation as well. Speciation does not result from adaptive radiation.
Speciation can occur from biological forces as well.
In a few generations, this population of beetles changed.Which is the most likely explanation for the change?
The beetle population moved to a greener habitat.
Which of the steps in this sequence of events is an example of mitosis at work? A baseball hits the arm of a baseball player. The player reacts quickly grabbing his arm. A bruise forms where the ball hit the arm. The bruise slowly disappears as the arm heals.
The bruise slowly disappears as the arm heals.
Which statement best describes how a catalyst can speed up a chemical reaction? The catalyst decreases the activation energy needed. The catalyst increases the concentration of products. The catalyst binds to enzymes to release substrates. The catalyst increases the concentration of reactants.
The catalyst decreases the reaction energy needed.
A scientist is studying a cell and can clearly see that it has ribosomes and mitochondria. Which statement best describes how the cell could be classified? The cell is prokaryotic because it contains ribosomes. The cell is prokaryotic because it contains mitochondria. The cell is eukaryotic because it contains ribosomes. The cell is eukaryotic because it contains mitochondria.
The cell is prokaryotic because it contains ribosomes.
A student wonders whether removing the nucleus from a cell would result in a new prokaryotic cell. Why would this procedure fail to produce a prokaryotic cell? The cell would lack genetic information. The cell would lack the structure that is needed to produce energy. The cell would lack the structure that is needed to protect the cell's organelles. The cell would lack control over materials that move into and out of the cell.
The cell would lack genetic information
Which statement describes how enzymes and substrates are related? The enzyme influences the speed of change from substrate to product. Enzymes are released as substrates in a chemical reaction. An enzyme is a special kind of substrate in a chemical reaction. Substrates combine with enzymes to form reactants.
The enzyme influences the speed of change from substrate to product.
Darwin hypothesized that new species could appear gradually through small changes in an ancestral species. Which observation that he made about finches most supports that hypothesis? The finches all ate the same materials as the mainland population. The finches were all relatively small compared to the mainland population. The finches all appeared to be related but differed from the mainland population. The finches were identical to the mainland population.
The finches all appeared to be related but differed from the mainland population.
Gene expression within the body is controlled by the cells, which determine when a specific gene should or should not be expressed. Influenza (the flu) is caused by a virus that attacks the respiratory system. Which type of gene is likely to be widely expressed in the body of someone who contracts the influenza virus? The gene that controls production of stem cells. The gene that controls production of skin cells. The gene that controls production of red blood cells. The gene that controls production of white blood cells.
The gene that controls production of white blood cells.
A scientist thought he might have discovered a new plant compound that would lower blood pressure in people. In his first experiment, he injected one hundred mice with the compound and found that the blood pressure in ninety-five of the treated mice was not affected. However, all of the mice seemed to grow at a faster rate then the control group. Which statement describes the most likely outcome of this investigation? The knowledge gained will lead to further experimentation that could potentially result in a new use for the drug. He will develop a second experiment to find a way to make the drug successfully lower blood pressure in mice. The data he collected will be used in new investigations to determine why certain people are taller than others. He will use these results to conclude that the drug will most likely lower blood pressure in five percent of people.
The knowledge gained will lead to further experimentation that could potentially result in a new use for the drug.
Julia is trying to place a duckbilled platypus, lizard, bear, and monkey on a phylogenetic tree. She learns that the duckbilled platypus, bear, and monkey are classified as mammals. She also learns that mammals share a common ancestor with reptiles. Which additional piece of information will be most helpful to Julia to properly build her phylogenetic tree? The platypus has fur like other mammals. The platypus does not have feathers like a bird. The platypus lays eggs like a reptile. The platypus does not have fins like a fish.
The platypus lays eggs like a reptile
Which statement best describes the relationship of photosynthesis and energy? The process of photosynthesis is energy-storing because the process converts light energy into chemical energy, which is stored in the bonds of glucose. The process of photosynthesis is energy-releasing because the process converts light energy into free energy that can be used for cell functions. The process of photosynthesis is energy-conserving because no energy is used throughout the process of forming glucose and oxygen molecules. The process of photosynthesis is energy-wasting because photosynthesis is an inefficient process that depletes the cell of energy stored in the bonds of glucose.
The process of photosynthesis is energy-releasing because the process converts light energy into free energy that can be used for cell functions.
The diagram shows one step in the process of protein synthesis.Which step is shown? transpiration translocation transcription translation
Translation
The same, unknown bacteria is isolated from 20 sick individuals. Their samples were grown in culture and then placed in 10 healthy mice. Those mice started to show signs of a heightened immune response. According to Koch's postulates what is the next step in determine whether the bacteria is pathogenic? Classify the bacteria as a noncommunicable disease. Classify the bacteria as a communicable disease. Reisolate it, and determine if it is the original unknown bacteria. Treat the original 20 individuals with antibiotics.
Treat the original 20 individuals with antibiotics.
Which best explains why viruses do not have special structures or enzymes that allow them to make their own food? Viruses can use energy of living cells that they infect. Viruses can replicate inside a host that they infect. Viruses can cause contagious illnesses in host cells. Viruses integrate their RNA or DNA into infected cells.
Viruses can replicate inside a host that they infect.
Which argument supports the idea that viruses are alive? Viruses have a cell membrane. Viruses contain unique genetic information. Viruses replicate in a host. Viruses do not produce proteins.
Viruses contain unique genetic information
Once the body has begun shivering, what happens to make it stop shivering? When body temperature returns to normal, the respiratory system sends a message to the skeletal system to stop shivering. When body temperature returns to normal, the nervous system sends a message to the muscular system to stop shivering. When body temperature is below normal, the nervous system sends a message to the skeletal system to stop shivering. When body temperature is below normal, the respiratory system sends a message to the muscular system to stop shivering.
When body temperature returns to normal, the nervous system sends a message to the muscular system to stop shivering.
A caterpillar has an exoskeleton and feeds on many leaves before it makes a cocoon and becomes a butterfly. Which type of organism is a caterpillar? an autotroph and an invertebrate a heterotroph and an invertebrate an autotroph and a vertebrate a heterotroph and a vertebrate
a heterotroph and an invertebrate
Which represents polygenic inheritance of traits? a cow that has red and white dominant coloring a mix of blue, green, and brown eye colors a plant that has pink flowers produced from a plant that has red flowers and a plant that has white flowers a plant that has green seeds produced from a plant that has yellow seeds and a plant that has green seeds
a mix of blue, green, and brown eye colors
The role of the cell membrane is most like the job of which person? a firefighter who evacuates people from a burning building a police officer who allows select people to enter and leave a crime scene a bus driver who drives the express route from the suburb to downtown a teacher who keeps students in the classroom during an exam
a police officer who allows select people to enter and leave a crime scene
Which protist exhibits both animal-like and plant-like characteristics? a protist that has pseudopods and swims by using cilia a protist that makes its own food and has glass-like cell walls a protist that is a heterotroph and has chlorophyll a protist that can move or be stationary
a protist that is a heterotroph and has chlorophyll
Jezelyn needs to create a project that shows geographic isolation in action and decides to make a video. Which of the following would make the best project? a video that shows penguin species that have different mating dances a video that shows a large river that has penguin populations on both sides a video that shows a penguin that is laying eggs a video that shows penguins with different reproductive cycles living together
a video that shows penguin species that have different mating dances
Chlorophyll is found in plant leaves and absorbs light from the sun to enable plants to perform photosynthesis. Magnesium is an important component of chlorophyll. The concentration of magnesium ions is higher in the root-hair cells of plants than in the soil. Which mechanism of ion uptake would best enable a plant to produce a steady supply of chlorophyll? osmosis diffusion passive transport active transport
active transport
At which point in the eukaryotic cell cycle does mitosis occur? before the G1 phase after the G2 phase following the S phase after the G0 phase
after the G2 phase
A botanist has discovered a new plant species and is trying to classify the plant. Its seed has one cotyledon, it has six flower parts, its leaves have parallel veins, its stem is herbaceous, and the vascular bundles in its stem are scattered throughout the stem. Which best classifies this plant? gymnosperm and dicot gymnosperm and monocot angiosperm and monocot angiosperm and dicot
angiosperm and monocot
Which of these are most likely homologous structures?bat wing dragonfly wing Tyrannosaurus arm bat wing and dragonfly wing bat wing and Tyrannosaurus arm dragonfly wing and Tyrannosaurus arm bat wing, dragonfly wing, and Tyrannosaurus arm
bat wing and Tyrannosaurus arm
Two species of flies, Drosophila melanogaster and Drosophila simulans, can mate. They usually do not mate, however, even if they are kept together in a laboratory. Males court the females of both species, but the females prefer to mate with males of their own species. Which isolating mechanism does this describe? behavioral temporal artificial anatomical
behavioral
Which most clearly shows evolutionary relationships between species? binomial nomenclature phylogenetic tree common name morphological data
binomial nomenclature
Consider the recent phylogenetic tree of five different organisms.Old classification systems based on physical characteristics would most likely disagree with the relationship between which two animals in the tree? crocodiles and insects bats and humans birds and bats humans and crocodiles
birds and bats
Elephants shape their environment in many ways. They can change a forest to a grassy field or dig a hole that might become a pond. They clear large amounts of vegetation, which removes habitats for some organisms but makes the area inviting for other organisms. Which best describes possible interactions of elephants with the surrounding ecosystem? positive negative neither positive nor negative both positive and negative
both positive and negative
The Punnett square predicts the ratio of genotypes in the offspring based on the genotypes of the parents. Which Punnett square represents a cross between a mom who is heterozygous for dimples and a dad who is homozygous for no dimples?
c
Which lists three living units of the human body in order from the simplest to the most complex level of organization? red blood cell → circulatory system → blood nervous system → nerves → brain red blood cell → heart tissue → circulatory system bone tissue → skeletal system → bone
c
What is the function of interphase in the eukaryotic cell cycle? cell repair cell growth cell reproduction cell division
cell growth
When comparing dogs to wolves, scientists found evidence that supports the idea they come from a common ancestor. Which combination of evidence would most strongly support this idea? comparable anatomies, fossils, and behavior different anatomies, similar development, and different DNA comparable anatomies, similar development, and similar DNA different anatomies, fossils, and behavior
comparable anatomies, similar development, and similar DNA
Charles Darwin observed a unique beak size and shape in the finch population of each of the Galapagos Islands that he visited.Which is the most likely cause of the observed variation? differences in the climate among the islands competition among individuals for available food sources competition among individuals for desirable mates differences in egg size among the populations
competition among individuals for available food sources
Interactions between organisms and their environment impact the organism's overall population. Zebra mussels are not native North America; they were brought here by ships travelling from Europe. They reproduce quickly and filter out plankton from the water reducing food for native fish. Native fish populations have started to decline. Which concept shows the relationship between zebra mussels and native fish? adaptation principle competitive exclusion principle niche relationship predator-prey relationship
competitive exclusion principle
An example of genetic recombination is shown in the diagram.Which type of bacterial reproduction is depicted in the diagram? binary fission transduction conjugation transformation
conjugation
Consider the cell structure that is shown below.Which is a function of the structure that is represented in the image? controls the movement of substances into and out of cells builds proteins from amino acids helps in determining plant cell shape provides support and protection
controls the movement of substances into and out of cells
The diagram illustrates one method of genetic recombination.Which method of genetic recombination is illustrated in the diagram? crossing over independent assortment fertilization tetrad formation
crossing over
Karen is studying an area that has many trees and goes through all four seasons. The trees lose their leaves as the seasons progress. Which biome is she studying? deciduous forest grassland desert tropical rain forest
deciduous forest
Which process plays an important role in the biogeochemical cycles of carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus? photosynthesis transpiration decomposition respiration
decomposition
Squirrels and chipmunks compete for the same food source. What is most likely to happen to the degree of competition between these two species if their food became scarce? decrease increase stay the same disappear
decrease
Which best describes an adaptation that could be found in a fish that lives in a slow-flowing stream? the ability to attract prey by glowing extra gills, for oxygen extraction the ability to grow larger extra fat, for warmth
extra gills, for oxygen extraction
What is the end result of meiosis? four identical daughter cells four different daughter cells two identical daughter cells two different daughter cells
four different daughter cells
Koalas are marsupials that are found in eastern Australia. Although their ancestors lived mostly on the ground, modern koalas spend most of their time in eucalyptus trees. This is possible because their hands and feet have strong claws and opposable digits.What other adaptation could have helped koalas as they evolved from land dwellers to tree dwellers? the ability to have several offspring at one time fur color that closely matches the eucalyptus bark color longer hind legs that allow for faster running better ability to communicate with their peers
fur color that closely matches the eucalyptus bark color
Which of these cells of the dermal tissue of plants prevent water loss and control gas exchange? phloem cells companion cells parenchyma cells guard cells
guard cells
Every animal has a distinct body plan. Which of these animals has a radially symmetrical body plan?
ladybug
Look at the picture below.What macromolecules make up most of the structure that is shown? carbohydrates lipids nucleic acids proteins
lipids
Many different types of mutations can occur within the body. Sickle cell anemia is a disease that occurs when a mutation in a base pair of the hemoglobin beta gene causes a single replacement of the amino acid glutamic acid by the amino acid valine. As a result of this mutation, the individual's blood cells take on a sickle shape under certain conditions and form clusters that can block blood vessels and cause organ damage. Which type of mutation causes sickle cell anemia? silent missense insertion frameshift
missense
The cane toad, or Rhinella marina, was introduced to the Hawaiian Islands in 1932 by sugar cane farmers. The farmers released the toads in their crops to help control pests that were damaging the sugar cane. The cane toad has few natural predators because it secretes a poisonous toxin that kills the animals that consume it. As a result, the cane toad population thrived, and by 1935, it numbered hundreds of thousands. Which role does the cane toad play in the Hawaiian Islands? native species invasive species reintroduced species endangered species
native species
Male peacocks have large colorful tails that they spread in a fan shape to attract females during courtship. Peahens (female peacocks) are more likely to mate with males that have larger and more colorful tails. As a result, few peacocks have tails with dull coloring.Which concept is demonstrated by a decrease in dull coloring? speciation biodiversity natural selection variation
natural selection
Consider this animal cell.Which organelles are labeled D, and what is one feature that distinguishes them from the other labeled organelles? chloroplasts; the only organelles that produce sugars from sunlight ribosomes; only found in animal and bacterial cells centrioles; found in animal cells but not plant cells mitochondria; the only energy-generating structures found in cells
ribosomes; only found in animal and bacterial cells
Tropical rain forests tend to have soils that are nutrient poor, and most of the nutrients are found in the top few inches of the soil. Which adaptation is most likely found in tropical trees? deep root systems shallow root systems needles pine cones
shallow root systems
When you use toothpaste, part of a protist is helping to smooth and clean your teeth. Which part of the protist and type of protist are most likely responsible for this benefit to humans? cell walls; plant-like flagellum; plant-like spores; fungus-like cilia; animal-like
spores; fungus-like
Only the proteins that the bacteria Escherichia coli (E. coli) needs are synthesized at any given time. For example, when lactose is available in the environment, E. coli will express the lac genes that allow it to break down lactose to obtain energy. When lactose is not present, these genes are not expressed.Which prevents the lac genes in the DNA of E. coli from being expressed most of the time? the lac repressor the lac operator the lac promoter the lac locator
the lac repressor
The diagram shows a nucleic acid in the shape of a helix.Which sugar is present in the nucleic acid that is represented in the diagram? uracil thymine deoxyribose ribose
uracil
Which organism is a primary consumer in the food web below?
vegetation
Pea plants can have yellow seeds or green seeds. Which conclusion about the meaning of Y is correct if the allele combination Yy is for yellow seeds? yellow and dominant green and recessive yellow and recessive green and dominant
yellow and dominant