Stats definitions

Define confounding. Choose the correct answer below. A. Grouping together similar experimental units B. The effect of two factors​ (explanatory variables on the response​ variable) cannot be distinguished. C. Using treatments on many experimental units Your answer is not correct.D. A controlled study to determine the effect varying one or more explanatory variables or factors has on a response variable

B

Define placebo. Choose the correct answer below. A. Using treatments on many experimental units B. An innocuous​ medication, such as a sugar​ tablet, that​ looks, tastes, and smells like the experimental medication C. A controlled study to determine the effect varying one or more explanatory variables or factors has on a response variable D. Grouping together similar experimental units

B

Define response variable. Choose the correct answer below. A. The effect of two factors​ (explanatory variables on the response​ variable) cannot be distinguished. B. The quantitative or qualitative variable for which the experimenter wishes to determine how its value is affected by the explanatory variable C. An innocuous​ medication, such as a sugar​ tablet, that​ looks, tastes, and smells like the experimental medication D. The variable whose effect on the response variable is to be assessed by the experimenter

B

Positions of runners in a race Choose the correct level of measurement. A. Ratio B. Ordinal C. Nominal D. Interval

B

To determine customer opinion of their safety features​, Daimler minus Chrysler randomly selects 150 service centers during a certain week and surveys all customers visiting the service centers. What type of sampling is​ used? A. Systematic B. Cluster C. Convenience D. Simple random E. Stratified

B

Favorite Book Is the variable qualitative or​ quantitative? A. The variable is quantitative because it is an attribute characteristic. B. The variable is quantitative because it is a numerical measure. C. The variable is qualitative because it is an attribute characteristic. D. The variable is qualitative because it is a numerical measure.

C

What is replication in an​ experiment? A. Replication is pairing up related experimental units. B. Replication is grouping together similar experimental units and then using random assignment. C. Replication is randomly assigning each experimental unit to a treatment. D. Replication is applying each treatment to more than one experimental unit.

D

Microsoft wants to administer a satisfaction survey to its current customers. Using their customer​ database, the company randomly selects 40 customers and asks them about their level of satisfaction with the company. What type of sampling is​ used? A. Systematic B. Convenience C. Cluster D. Stratified E. Simple random

E

To determine her blood pressure​, Denise divides up her day into three​ parts: morning,​ afternoon, and evening. She then measures her blood pressure at 2 randomly selected times during each part of the day. What type of sampling is​ used? A. Simple random B. Cluster C. Convenience D. Systematic E. Stratified

E

obtained by dividing the population into groups and selecting all individuals from within a random sample of the groups.

cluster sample

an experimental design in which each experimental unit is randomly assigned to a treatment.

completely randomized design

the characteristics of the individuals of the population being studied.

variables

Explain the difference between a​ single-blind and a​ double-blind experiment. A. In a​ single-blind experiment, the subject does not know which treatment is received. In a​ double-blind experiment, neither the subject nor the researcher in contact with the subject knows which treatment is received. B. A single blind experiment is one in which each experimental unit is randomly assigned to a treatment. A​ double-blind experiment is one in which similar experimental units are grouped together and the experimental units within each block are randomly assigned to treatments. C. In a​ single-blind experiment, there is a control group. In a​ double-blind experiment, there is both a control group and a placebo treatment is used. D. In a​ single-blind experiment, the researcher does not know what the response variable is. In a​ double-blind experiment, neither the subject nor the researcher knows what the response variable is.

A

To determine customer opinion of their safety features​, Toyota randomly selects 140 dealerships during a certain week and surveys all customers visiting the dealerships. What type of sampling is​ used? A. Cluster B. Convenience C. Stratified D. Simple random E. Systematic

A

Define factor. Choose the correct answer below. A. Grouping together similar experimental units B. A variable whose effect on the response variable is to be assessed by the experimenter C. A controlled study to determine the effect varying one or more explanatory variables or factors has on a response variable D. An innocuous​ medication, such as a sugar​ tablet, that​ looks, tastes, and smells like the experimental medication

B

To determine her breathing rate​, Keri divides up her day into three​ parts: morning,​ afternoon, and evening. She then measures her breathing rate at 4 randomly selected times during each part of the day. What type of sampling is​ used? A. Convenience B. Stratified C. Simple random D. Systematic E. Cluster

B

To estimate the percentage of defects in a recent manufacturing​ batch, a quality control manager at General Electric selects every 20th refrigerator that comes off the assembly line starting with the eighth until she obtains a sample of 40 refrigerators. What type of sampling is​ used? A. Stratified B. Systematic C. Simple random D. Cluster E. Convenience

B

What is a closed​ question? What is an open​ question? A. A closed question is a​ free-response question, whereas an open question has fixed choices for answers. B. A closed question has fixed choices for​ answers, whereas an open question is a​ free-response question. C. A closed question always has yes or no​ answers, whereas an open question is a​ free-response question. D. A closed question has many correct​ answers, whereas an open question has only one correct answer.

B

Distinguish between nonsampling error and sampling error. A. Nonsampling error is the error that results from the process of obtaining the data. Sampling error is the error that results from​ undercoverage, nonresponse​ bias, response​ bias, or​ data-entry errors. B. Nonsampling error is the error that results because a sample is being used to estimate information about a population. Sampling error is the error that results from​ undercoverage, nonresponse​ bias, response​ bias, or​ data-entry errors. C. Nonsampling error is the error that results from​ undercoverage, nonresponse​ bias, response​ bias, or​ data-entry errors. Sampling error is the error that results because a sample is being used to estimate information about a population. D. Nonsampling error is the error that results from randomness. Sampling error is the error that results from using a sample to estimate information about a population.

C

Define experimental unit. A. An innocuous​ medication, such as a sugar​ tablet, that​ looks, tastes, and smells like the experimental medication B. Any combination of the values of the factors​ (explanatory variables) C. The quantitative or qualitative variable for which the experimenter wishes to determine how its value is affected by the explanatory variable D. A​ person, object, or some other​ well-defined item upon which a treatment is applied

D

Define treatment. Choose the correct answer below. A. The number of individuals in the experiment B. A controlled study to determine the effect varying one or more explanatory variables or factors has on a response variable C. The quantitative or qualitative variable for which the experimenter wishes to determine how its value is affected by the explanatory variable D. Any combination of the values of the factors​ (explanatory variables)

D

​p, p+​k, ​..., p+​(n-1)k

formula

an experimental design in which the experimental units are paired up. The pairs are selected so that they are related in some way (that is, the same person before and after a treatment, twins, husband and wife, same geographical location, and so on). There are only two levels of treatment in a matched-pairs design.

matched-pairs design

numerical summary of a population.

parameter

numerical summary of a sample.

statistic

obtained by dividing the population into homogeneous groups and randomly selecting individuals from each group.

stratified sample