Strangers to these shores Ch 1-3
25) Which of the following is a social or economic condition that would likely foster conflict between minority groups? A) Stagnant economy B) Ample resources C) Agrarian based economy D) Expanding economy
A) Stagnant economy
13) __________ is a paralinguistic signal. A) Whistling at someone of the opposite sex B) Shrugging your shoulders C) Flipping your middle finger D) Rolling your eyes
A) Whistling at someone of the opposite sex
35) Edward Banfield described the lower classes as attaching high value to __________. A) being present-oriented B) sacrifice C) community service D) self-improvement
A) being present-oriented
13) Jose, who is Mexican, moves to San Antonio from Mexico City. This is an example of __________. A) emigration B) immigration C) naturalization D) nationalization
A) emigration
7) Culture is __________. A) shared B) universal C) made up from scratch for each generation D) a relatively unimportant part sociological study
A) shared
19) Jessica is a woman who lives in the United States where females outnumber males. She is __________. A) a member of a majority group B) a member of a minority group C) a stranger D) a neighbor
B) a member of a minority group
3) Shared cultural __________ encourage solidarity by embodying society's fundamental expectations. A) materials B) beliefs C) norms D) laws
C) norms
5) Lacking the same standard of living compared to most members of society is called __________. A) absolute deprivation B) poverty C) relative deprivation D) value-deficiency
C) relative deprivation
36) Juan believes that Hispanic families are superior to white families. This belief is an example of which theory? A) social-referent group theory B) ethnic preference theory C) social identity theory D) outgroup discrimination theory
C) social identity theory
26) By "ingroup," sociologists mean __________. A) a group immigrating into the country B) the dominant group C) the group to which an individual belongs and feels loyalty D) the reference group others imitate
C) the group to which an individual belongs and feels loyalty
65) The __________ encompasses a person's beliefs and perceptions of a group as threatening or nonthreatening, inferior or equal (e.g., in terms of intellect, status, or biological composition), seclusive or intrusive, impulse gratifying, acquisitive, or possessing other positive or negative characteristics.
Cognitive Level of Prejudice
70) Some social scientists argue that the black experience does not equal with that of __________.
European immigrants
TRUE OR FALSE 59) An ascribed status is one that someone has given to us as a gift.
FALSE
64) __________ social institutions, such as newspapers, churches, and schools, often promote cohesiveness within minority subcultures.
Parallel
69) __________ refers to action taken by law enforcement officials on the erroneous presumption that individuals of one race or ethnicity are more likely to engage in illegal activity than individuals of other races or ethnicities.
Racial Profiling
63) In the __________ process, individuals acquire the values, attitudes, beliefs, and perceptions of their culture or subculture, including religion, nationality, and social class.
Socialization
63) Bill has always been told that Mexican are lazy. The consequences of defining this group of people this way is that he treats them as though they are incapable of working hard. This is an example of the __________ at work.
Thomas Theorem
67) According to Daniel P. Moynihan, young men who grow up in broken families and never acquire a stable relationship to __________ will be more likely to resort to crime and other forms of deviance.
male authority
TRUE OR FALSE 56) Ralph Linton calculated that any given culture contains about 90 percent borrowed elements.
true
TRUE OR FALSE 60) Attitudes about a group may result from people's value judgments about social class.
true
30) Pluralist advocates criticize __________. A) Afrocentrism B) social identity theory C) Marxism D) cultural relativism
A) Afrocentrism
33) Arguing Western civilization derives from the black African influence on Egyptian civilization is a bolder form of __________. A) Afrocentrism B) categoric knowing C) false consciousness D) interactionist theory
A) Afrocentrism
23) Which group illustrates a persistent subculture? A) Amish B) Irish C) Germans D) Italians
A) Amish
47) __________ represents a minority-against-minority clash over limited resources. A) The 1992 Los Angeles riots B) Violence between blacks and Australians in Miami in 1988 C) The 19th-Century race-baiting riots on the West Coast D) Black-White violence in urban neighborhoods
A) The 1992 Los Angeles riots
7) Talcott Parsons developed a concept that linked the psychological and sociological aspects of frustration-aggression called __________. A) prejudice B) free floating C) permanent anger D) cultural irritation
B) free floating
11) Students who sit quietly in class and take careful notes are fulfilling societal expectations of behavior, which are called __________. A) mores. B) values C) norms D) material culture
C) norms
33) Milton Gordon's ethclass groupings represent __________. A) the eventual decline of ethnicity as a significant factor B) the supremacy of ethnicity over social class because of ethnic reawakening C) the subsocieties resulting from the intersection of ethnicity and social class D) an abstract concept, not one of primary relationships
C) the subsocieties resulting from the intersection of ethnicity and social class
12) The basic U.S. value of __________ is at odds with the value of "individualism." A) efficiency B) progress C) science D) external conformity
D) external conformity
66) In W. Lloyd Warner's study of Newburyport, Massachusetts, a significant relationship existed between an ethnic group's __________ and their social class.
Ethnic group's length of residence
61) __________ is a lack of resources, or rewards, in comparison to those of others in the society.
Relative Deprivation
65) An Irish immigrant who feels stress in both American and Irish cultures as her subculture converges with the dominant culture in America, might experience the problem of __________.
marginality
18) An __________ is a person who is a member of both dominant and minority groups. A) American white woman who is a Buddhist B) African American man born in Texas who lives in New York City C) American citizen who visited Tanzania D) African American woman with disabilities
A) American white woman who is a Buddhist
49) What, according to Hitchcock, is a common value in white culture? A) Avoiding "stepping on people's toes" B) Trying to "making a scene" C) Spontaneity D) Uncoordinated daily activities
A) Avoiding "stepping on people's toes"
31) An excellent example of economic competition breeding conflict is that of the __________. A) Chinese B) Quakers C) Mormons D) Norwegians
A) Chinese
11) __________ is a type of ethnophaulism. A) Disparaging nicknames B) Caricatured mascots C) Immigration quotas D) The KKK
A) Disparaging nicknames
37) Affirmative action originated with an executive order by President __________. A) Franklin D. Roosevelt B) John F. Kennedy C) Richard M. Nixon D) Ronald Reagan
A) Franklin D. Roosevelt
2) __________ is a basic U.S. value. A) Freedom B) Interdependence C) Community D) Superstition
A) Freedom
1) The main focus or unit of analysis for sociologists is the __________. A) group B) individual C) stranger D) upper class
A) Group
9) __________ is an example of material culture. A) Money B) The exchange of ideas C) Religion D) Acculturation
A) Money
27) When __________ it is an example of prejudice. A) Mr. X says "My mind is made up. Don't confuse me with facts." B) Ms. Y says "I don't really care about minorities at all." C) Mr. Z says "Christians are statistically more likely to be involved in hate crimes." D) Ms. Z says "Whites don't give to charity at a rate consistent with their population numbers."
A) Mr. X says "My mind is made up. Don't confuse me with facts."
14) Aristotle said we like "those like ourselves ... of our own race or country or age or family, and generally those who are on our own level." Which of the following concepts best represents Aristotle's statement? A) Similarity and attraction B) Identical preferences C) Opposites attract D) Group identification preference
A) Similarity and attraction
13) With respect to parenting style, authoritarian personality theory reports __________. A) a correlation between early childhood experiences and the development of a prejudiced personality B) that when children with domineering parents become adults, they demonstrate hatred toward their family C) that children with domineering parents may direct their hostility against a powerful group D) no correlation between early childhood experiences and the development of prejudice
A) a correlation between early childhood experiences and the development of a prejudiced personality
10) The adjustment from stranger to neighbor is __________. A) a process B) instantaneous C) impossible D) rare
A) a process
14) Jeremy knows very little about his family's heritage, and as a fourth generation Irish-American, most people simply assume he is a white American. It is safe to say that Jeremy's family has been __________. A) acculturated B) naturalized C) culturally transmitted D) culturally diffused
A) acculturated
37) An ethnic group held up as a role model for a newly arrived group was probably __________. A) an object of scorn and condemnation itself at one time B) the beneficiary of governmental assistance C) a political force from the time they first immigrated D) quick to learn English and assimilate
A) an object of scorn and condemnation itself at one time
31) The reputational method involves __________. A) asking people how they thought others compared to them B) asking people for references C) beliefs about how your coworkers feel about you D) asking someone to tell you how they feel about you
A) asking people how they thought others compared to them
17) Settling in an area already containing family, friends, or compatriots is known as __________. A) chain migration B) joined resettlement C) parallel social institutions D) recycling
A) chain migration
23) One function of telling an ethnic joke is __________. A) challenging stereotypes B) a normalizing phenomenon C) development of a sense of respect for all people D) appealing to common sense
A) challenging stereotypes
33) When talking with his friends, Jimmy states that "Jews are intrusive and acquisitive." Jimmy's statements are an example of __________. A) cognitive prejudice B) pluralism C) multiculturalism D) discrimination
A) cognitive prejudice
4) The __________ describes Parrillo's idea of the adjustment from stranger to neighbor. A) concept of a continuum with friction B) idea that assimilation is not inevitable C) centrality of shared religious beliefs leading to social cohesion D) fact that economic conditions are of paramount importance
A) concept of a continuum with friction
42) Karl Marx believed that the elite exploited the masses and that this exploitation created tensions and disagreements. Marx's theory is best known as __________. A) conflict perspective B) functionalist perspective C) interactionist perspective D) unfair perspective
A) conflict perspective
49) Matt believes that the frustrations and struggles between social groups and classes are what structure and determine society. He is a __________. A) conflict theorist B) functionalist C) symbolic interactionist D) racist
A) conflict theorist
42) Jeremy, an African American, is trying to put his sociological knowledge to practice in order to reduce prejudice. As someone who sees a lot of value in the interactionist perspective, he wants to employ the __________ and make friends with people who are not black. A) contact hypothesis B) Dillingham hypothesis C) feminist perspective D) outgroup theory
A) contact hypothesis
20) In convergent subcultures we tend to see __________. A) continued residential clustering B) everyday ethnicity in language, dress, and cultural behavior C) a gradual assimilation process D) high rates of interpersonal conflict
A) continued residential clustering
43) Most Americans seem willing to support affirmative action based on __________. A) economic class B) race C) gender D) religion
A) economic class
44) When marrying, members of a minority group usually practice __________. A) endogamy B) exogamy C) polyandry D) polygamy
A) endogamy
50) Bill believes that assimilation is the key to understanding racial and ethnic differences and that economic equality will follow. His views are in line with __________ theory. A) functionalist B) conflict C) interactionist D) feminist
A) functionalist
48) As the text suggests, white values and behavior patterns might be unrealized by group members because __________. A) group members celebrate pluralism B) group members want to express their emotions C) whites don't exhibit any consistent patterns D) the values and behaviors are taken for granted
A) group members celebrate pluralism
40) The contact hypothesis strongly emphasizes __________ as a path toward reducing prejudice. A) having outgroup friends B) economic equality C) equitable social roles D) political representation
A) having outgroup friends
15) According to Allport, __________ can lead to a group becoming a scapegoat. A) highly visible physical appearance or observable customs and actions B) physical strength C) adherence to dominant norms D) a high mortality rate
A) highly visible physical appearance or observable customs and actions
17) According to economic-competition theory, __________. A) in times of high unemployment, nativist movements against minorities have flourished B) antiforeign movements always peak during periods of prosperity C) many working class and middle class whites feel threatened by Asians entering their socioeconomic group D) authoritarian parents can lead to prejudiced attitudes in adulthood
A) in times of high unemployment, nativist movements against minorities have flourished
7) A 2001 study of social distance found __________. A) increased diversity in society B) decreasing levels of acceptance of diverse groups among college students C) that social distance continues to rise D) an increased acceptance of diversity for all groups except whites
A) increased diversity in society
23) Racism __________. A) is a human invention B) supports the superiority of the human race C) forces the majority group to experience prejudice and discrimination D) prevails when people believe that a small group of races is superior in some aspects to others
A) is a human invention
48) A 2001 study showed that more than 50 percent of newlyweds met their spouses in the workplace. Sociologically, meeting a spouse at work would be considered a __________. A) latent function of workplaces B) manifest function of workplaces C) latent dysfunction of workplaces D) a manifest dysfunction of workplaces
A) latent function of workplaces
32) Warner's Yankee City study found an important link between social class status and __________. A) length of residence in the United States B) religious belief C) political participation D) gender
A) length of residence in the United States
27) Researchers note that whites tend to categorize __________. A) lower-class blacks by race B) lower-class blacks by class C) middle-class blacks by race D) upper-class blacks by class
A) lower-class blacks by race
1) When people create meaning and significance in life through the use of language or symbols, they are creating __________. A) nonmaterial culture B) material culture C) acculturation D) nonverbal communication
A) nonmaterial culture
41) Cynthia began working in the copy room of a large corporation but is now the manager of an entire corporate division. This is an example of __________. A) occupational mobility B) luck C) right place phenomenon D) career achieved status
A) occupational mobility
16) Dominique whistled at her brother to get his attention. Dominique is using __________. A) paralinguistic signals B) language C) vocal communication D) nonverbal notation
A) paralinguistic signals
46) Joe's family has had uneven experiences in their new country with some people having tremendous success while others who immigrated are stuck in ethnic enclaves and have enjoyed very little prosperity, lending support for __________ theory. A) power-differential B) internal-colonialism C) paternalism D) immigrant assimilation
A) power-differential
35) George is trying to understand prejudice. His professor tells him to consider that __________. A) prejudice may be the result of frustration B) prejudice exists on seven distinct levels C) prejudice can only be negative D) prejudice does not really exist anymore
A) prejudice may be the result of frustration
50) According to the text, recognizing a "white culture" would likely __________. A) prevent dominant group perceptions of racism B) promote suspicion regarding alternative cultural experiences C) promote the idea of a single "American" culture D) relegate whites to the bottom of the racial hierarchy
A) prevent dominant group perceptions of racism
21) According to Parrillo, a category of people who share visible biological characteristics and are regarded as a single group is a(n) __________. A) race B) ethnic group C) social deviant D) status
A) race
47) Even though women make up a statistical majority, they do not have equal representation in government and face significant economic inequalities. This illustrates the idea that minority groups __________. A) receive unequal treatment as a group B) are easily identifiable because of distinguishing physical or cultural characteristics that are held in high esteem C) are biologically similar D) are rare in modern societies
A) receive unequal treatment as a group
41) Functionalist theory emphasizes __________. A) social equilibrium B) the importance of social class C) imbalance of power D) the power of symbols in constructing social life
A) social equilibrium
24) Relationships between majority and minority groups are influenced by differences in culture, as well as __________. A) structural conditions B) acculturation C) cultural ethnocentrism D) religious beliefs
A) structural conditions
39) Cultural differentiation refers to __________. A) the differences that are present between two cultures B) the likelihood of similarity between two groups C) pluralism D) assimilation
A) the differences that are present between two cultures
15) Oscar is an interactionist. He believes that social interaction among people of different cultures may be difficult because __________. A) the two parties do not share the same definitions of symbols B) people have a natural reluctance to relate to strangers C) strangers are intimidated by the natives of the host country D) one group tries to dominate the other
A) the two parties do not share the same definitions of symbols
25) Melissa has been referring to the Japanese as a race because they stand out as an identifiable group to her. She is __________. A) using the term "race" incorrectly B) applying a more modern usage of the term "race" C) using the term "race" correctly D) applying a more traditional usage of the term "race"
A) using the term "race" incorrectly
5) What did the first "Droodle" in your text represent? A) A snake B) A bear climbing a tree C) An eagle D) A tribe
B) A bear climbing a tree
27) Underrepresenting non-European material in textbooks and classes exemplifies __________. A) Afrocentrism B) Eurocentrism C) categoric knowing D) reciprocal typification
B) Eurocentrism
19) What do sociologists call a minority group's establishment of its own clubs, organizations, stores, churches, newspapers, and schools? A) Duplication B) Parallel social institutions C) Redundant social patterns D) Subcultural networking
B) Parallel social institutions
29) Which of the following is an example of self-justification. A) The Crusaders assimilating Jews and Muslims as defenders of the "true faith." B) Puritans burning witches, whose refusal to confess "proved they were evil." C) Pioneers befriending Native Americans who were "heathen savages." D) Europeans trading Africans as slaves.
B) Puritans burning witches, whose refusal to confess "proved they were evil."
34) __________ is one of the four social categories proposed by Milton Gordon that play a part in forming ethclasses. A) Technological advances B) Race C) Social class D) Religion
B) Race
32) __________ is a historical example of ethnocentrism. A) Manifest Destiny in China B) The "white man's burden" in England C) the Vienna Conventions on diplomatic relations in Austria D) the African Crusaders of the thirteenth century
B) The "white man's burden" in England
5) Social distance studies have found __________. A) an erratic pattern, depending on world or economic situations B) a fairly consistent pattern over the decades C) greater distance only between racial groups D) elimination of social distance between groups after two generations
B) a fairly consistent pattern over the decades
6) Social distance studies capture social acceptance of groups __________. A) over a period of ten years B) at a given moment in time C) only in the bottom rankings D) as they immigrate into the United States
B) at a given moment in time
9) When a visiting Korean asks for pizza rather than sushi, the host may conclude that all Koreans like pizza. This is an example of __________. A) prejudice B) categoric knowing C) discrimination D) intersubjective understanding
B) categoric knowing
43) A __________ perspective focuses on who benefits from a particular situation. A) functionalist B) conflict C) interactionist D) societist
B) conflict
43) Michael sees a strong correlation between a group's economic position and the intensity of negative interactions with the dominant society. Michael's views are in line with __________ theory. A) functionalist B) conflict C) interactionist D) feminist
B) conflict
29) The culture of poverty refers to __________. A) poor peoples' contributions to U.S. culture in folk music, literary subjects, and folklore B) cultural traits of the poor transmitted from one generation to the next, creating a perpetual underclass C) the cultural tastes of the poor D) blacks only; other minority groups do not fit this framework
B) cultural traits of the poor transmitted from one generation to the next, creating a perpetual underclass
19) Stereotypes __________. A) are predominantly true B) deny individuals the right to be judged and treated on the basis of their own personal merit C) are always hurtful and negative D) have no relation to action
B) deny individuals the right to be judged and treated on the basis of their own personal merit
37) Miranda is Catholic and her family has lived in the same working class neighborhood in Boston for four generations. Miranda could be considered to be part of a(n) __________. A) race B) ethclass C) dominant class D) persecuted minority group
B) ethclass
35) Susan, a Texas cattle rancher, thinks the Japanese custom of eating raw fish is disgusting. This is an example of __________. A) ethnicity B) ethnocentrism C) poor taste D) cultural relativism
B) ethnocentrism
47) Jennifer believes in racial equality, but she does not do much to actively support efforts aimed at racial equality and she still makes decisions that negatively impact minorities. She is a(n) __________. A) all-weather liberal B) fair-weather liberal C) timid bigot D) active bigot
B) fair-weather liberal
6) The Thomas Theorem states that __________. A) people have to be taught to hate and fear B) if people define a situation as real, it becomes real in its consequences C) the world of reality is taken for granted D) each generation passes its cultural values on to the next generation
B) if people define a situation as real, it becomes real in its consequences
16) A minority group __________. A) can still be treated equally in society B) is characterized by a feeling of group identity C) is not often easily identifiable D) usually practices exogamy
B) is characterized by a feeling of group identity
15) A minority group __________. A) is determined by a group's numerical representation B) is determined by a group's relative power in society C) is not tied to social status at all D) can never achieve power in society
B) is determined by a group's relative power in society
21) Ethnophaulism involves __________. A) denigration of ingroups B) justification of discrimination C) humorous expression of friendship D) balancing ethnic differences
B) justification of discrimination
3) In a new social setting, strangers __________. A) experience very few situations as potentially problematic B) lack the natives' knowledge of shared realities C) are not aware of things unnoticed by the natives D) are typically treated as equals with natives
B) lack the natives' knowledge of shared realities
10) A fork is an example of __________. A) nonmaterial culture B) material culture C) acculturation D) nonverbal communication Answer: Learning Objective: 2-1 Page Reference: 26 Topic/A-head: The Concept of Culture Skill Level: Apply What You Know
B) material culture
26) Technological improvements in communication and transportation __________. A) have no real impact upon dominant-minority relations B) may actually delay assimilation C) accelerate the assimilation process because they make for a smaller world D) are important only because they encourage more people from distant places to migrate to the United States
B) may actually delay assimilation
25) In prime-time ads, __________. A) Asians appear in ads for upscale beauty or home products B) people of color appear in ads for low-cost, low-nutrition products C) there is a de-construction of social norms and stereotypes of people of color D) there is a multi-dimensional view of people of color as key consumers
B) people of color appear in ads for low-cost, low-nutrition products
9) The generally shared rules defining what is and is not proper behavior in one's culture is/are __________. A) social restrictions B) social norms C) social solidarity D) social coherence
B) social norms
29) Social identity theory explains that __________. A) the assumption that "we" are better than "they" does not often result in ridicule, contempt, or hatred toward the outgroup B) the ingroup almost automatically views the outgroup as inferior C) groups rarely retain their values and standards while recognizing the superiority of another group D) countless people reject their own ingroup by becoming voluntary exiles, expatriates, and so on
B) the ingroup almost automatically views the outgroup as inferior
11) As acculturation takes place, __________. A) strangers' consciousness increases as the freshness of their perception is lost B) the natives' abstract typification about the strangers become more concrete through social interaction C) the stranger begins questioning daily activities D) there is more conflict between the natives and the strangers
B) the natives' abstract typification about the strangers become more concrete through social interaction
49) Alfred had no prejudices towards Blacks but when his friends make derogatory comments to Black kids he does nothing to stop them. Alfred is a(n) __________. A) unprejudiced nondiscriminator B) unprejudiced discriminator C) prejudiced nondiscriminator D) prejudiced discriminator
B) unprejudiced discriminator
3) At which level does prejudice exist when a person behaves in ways that maintain the inequality between two groups? A) Cognitive B) Emotional C) Action-orientation D) Religious
C) Action-orientation
2) Natives usually perceive strangers __________. A) objectively B) hospitably C) categorically D) indifferently
C) Categorically
38) __________ illustrates the Dillingham Flaw. A) An emphasis on preserving one's culture B) A distrust of political solutions to end discrimination C) Criticism of a new immigrant group, compared to an earlier one D) The assumption that a minority group is lazy or immoral
C) Criticism of a new immigrant group, compared to an earlier one
17) Which of the following is an example of an ascribed status? A) Writer B) Mormon convert C) Female D) New immigrant
C) Female
8) What feature of language may connote both intended and unintended prejudicial meanings? A) Social structure B) Culture C) Linguistic relativity D) Beliefs
C) Linguistic relativity
22) __________ would likely lead to culture shock. A) Finding that everyone around dresses like you B) Behaving according to societal norms C) Not understanding the slang used by people around you D) Encountering a group that expresses different opinions than you
C) Not understanding the slang used by people around you
38) Barry believes that most poor people are caught in a cycle where they end up developing bad habits and belief systems which keep them in poverty. He is a supporter of Moynihan's interpretation of the __________ theory. A) ethclass B) pluralist C) culture of poverty D) language hypothesis
C) culture of poverty
31) Studying race and ethnic relations is __________. A) easier than most other subjects because of our familiarity with minority problems B) easier because most people are sensitive to the problems and needs of others C) difficult because our values, attitudes, and experiences make our objectivity almost impossible D) difficult because the subject defies a logical or scientific explanation
C) difficult because our values, attitudes, and experiences make our objectivity almost impossible
30) Moynihan believed that the explanation for high unemployment, welfare dependency and other social problems was __________. A) poor social class skills B) pluralism C) family deterioration D) culture shock
C) family deterioration
28) Social identity theory helps explain __________. A) upward mobility B) ethnic antagonism C) ingroup favoritism D) immigration quotas
C) ingroup favoritism
45) A sociologist who investigates how people interpret the situations they are in is probably a(n) __________. A) functionalist B) conflict theorist C) interactionist D) societist
C) interactionist
39) Evidence about the success of affirmative action programs __________. A) is clearly positive B) is clearly negative C) is mixed D) has not yet been found
C) is mixed
41) An employer who strongly dislikes a racial group hires them anyway because of legal and social pressures, typifying the __________. A) unprejudiced nondiscriminator B) unprejudiced discriminator C) prejudiced nondiscriminator D) prejudiced discriminator
C) prejudiced nondiscriminator
4) In 2012, how many athletic director positions did white males hold at Football Bowl Subdivision schools? A) 2 B) 32 C) 62 D) 92
D) 92
24) __________ are an ethnic group. A) Native Americans B) Asian Americans C) Black Americans D) Bulgarian Americans
D) Bulgarian Americans
28) What is a core cause of the "tangle of pathology" in black communities? A) Juvenile delinquency B) Adult crime C) Welfare dependency D) Family deterioration
D) Family deterioration
22) Ethnicity is __________. A) another term for "race" B) a false and arbitrary classification of people C) a term used to refer to European peoples D) a set of learned or acquired cultural traits shared by a people
D) a set of learned or acquired cultural traits shared by a people
45) Megan has recently joined a white supremacy group in order to try and do something about her beliefs that nonwhites are inferior races. Megan is a(n) __________. A) all-weather liberal B) fair-weather liberal C) timid bigot D) active bigot
D) active bigot
18) The fact that cultures owe a substantial debt to other cultures because of the spread of ideas, inventions, and practices is called __________. A) cultural transmission B) convergence C) cross-cultural impregnation D) cultural diffusion
D) cultural diffusion
21) When Juan arrived in Milan he was surprised to find that people drank wine during working lunches. This is an example of __________. A) cultural transmission B) culture irrelevance C) culture diffusion D) culture shock
D) culture shock
1) Most social scientists consider prejudice to be an attitude with a(n) __________ bias. A) religious B) psychological C) social D) emotional
D) emotional
20) Variation in physical differences such as body build, hair texture, and skin color is due in part to __________. A) biological race B) racial discrimination C) natural selection D) evolutionary physical adaptation
D) evolutionary physical adaptation
45) Cultural crashes in China illustrate which sociological mode? A) conflict B) functionalism C) interactionism D) internal-colonialism
D) internal-colonialism
12) When Americans say "hello" or "how are you?" this is an example of __________. A) prejudice B) categoric knowing C) discrimination D) intersubjective understanding
D) intersubjective understanding
39) Mills states that an issue is a public matter when it is __________. A) not relevant to group behavior study in sociology B) less important than the welfare of the group C) only important to sociologists after thorough study of the group D) intricately connected to the larger historical context of society
D) intricately connected to the larger historical context of society
44) According to theorist William J. Wilson, in which power relationship does the dominant group exercise almost complete control over the subordinate group? A) industrialization B) capitalism C) communism D) paternalism
D) paternalism
36) The Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Act of 1996 __________. A) implied that structural problems prevented many from working B) placed a five year limit on government assistance C) acknowledged that most living in poverty also have jobs D) required welfare recipients to work after two years of assistance
D) required welfare recipients to work after two years of assistance
40) Seeing the connection between one person's story of being bought and sold into modern slavery and recognizing the patterns of increasing human trafficking worldwide requires use of a(n) __________. A) ethnocentric viewpoint B) modern understanding of an ethnic group C) psychological perspective D) sociological imagination
D) sociological imagination
8) Despite the removal of more assimilated groups and the addition of less assimilated groups to the list in 2001, __________. A) the upward trend in social distance continued B) no significant differences were found C) there was an increased level of diversity D) the downward trend in social distance continued
D) the downward trend in social distance continued
34) In American culture, such things as freedom, individualism and equal opportunity are deemed to be highly desirable. In sociological terms these concepts are __________. A) mores B) desires C) norms D) values
D) values
46) Conflict theorists believe that the North Korean communist regime __________. A) was created by shared expectations among individuals B) maintains North Korean political harmony C) has only temporary dysfunctions D) was created to act against false consciousness
D) was created to act against false consciousness
69) Strict new laws enacted in Belgium, Denmark, France, Germany, Italy, Sweden and the U.S. in the 1990's resulted in a marked increase in __________.
DEPORTATIONS
62) Compared to migration, __________ is a narrower term that refers to the movement of people out of a country to settle in another.
EMIGRATION
68) __________ is a variation of ethnocentrism in which the content and emphasis in history, literature, and other humanities primarily concern Western culture. One counterforce to this is __________, a viewpoint emphasizing African culture and its influence on Western civilization and the behavior of American blacks.
Eurocentrism, Afrocentrism
51) Within any society, groupings of people by race, religion, tribe, culture, or lifestyle can generate a sense of familiarity and belonging. TRUE OR FALSE
FALSE
52) Social distance refers to how far away your relatives and friends live. TRUE OR FALSE
FALSE
53) There are very few studies that examine the how much people like those who are similar in appearance to them. TRUE OR FALSE
FALSE
56) The adjustment from stranger to neighbor moves along a continuum without friction. TRUE OR FALSE
FALSE
57) Cross-racial friendships on college campuses are increasingly rare. TRUE OR FALSE
FALSE
60) Manifest functions are better than latent functions. TRUE OR FALSE
FALSE
TRUE OR FALSE 57) Convergent subcultures come together to create a brand new culture.
FALSE
TRUE OR FALSE 59) Social discrimination means the unequal treatment of subordinate groups inherent in the ongoing operations of society's institutions.
FALSE
TRUE OR FALSE 53) The contact hypothesis holds that racial and ethnic groups can fight stereotypes by avoiding interactions with one another.
FALSE
TRUE OR FALSE 55) Linguistic relativity of language means that every race has its own language.
FALSE
63) __________ refers to the movement of people into a new country to become permanent residents.
IMMIGRATION
70) __________ functions refer to obvious and intended results, while __________ functions refer to hidden and unexpected results.
Manifest, latent
69) In __________ theory, which group becomes dominant and which becomes subordinate governs relationships between the groups.
Power-Differential
64) Ranking __________ is an excellent technique for evaluating how perceptions of similarity attract closer interaction patterns.
SOCIAL DISTANCE
61) To understand intergroup relations, we must recognize that differences among various peoples cause each group to view other groups as __________.
STRANGERS
61) Based on Figure 2.1, each individual observes the world through __________, which are evaluated in terms of __________.
Sense perceptions, culture
54) Many people still call the United States a great melting pot where people of all races, religions, and nationalities come to be free and to improve their lives. TRUE OR FALSE
TRUE
55) Since strangers experience a "lack of historicity," they often observe things that go unnoticed by the natives, such as natives' customs, social institutions, appearances, and lifestyle. TRUE OR FALSE
TRUE
58) Sociologists use historical documents, reports, surveys, ethnographies, and direct observation to systematically gather empirical evidence about intergroup relations. TRUE OR FALSE
TRUE
59) Functionalists believe that society is a stable, cooperative social system in which everything has a function and provides the basis of a harmonious society. TRUE OR FALSE
TRUE
TRUE OR FALSE 55) Psychological and sociological perspectives complement each other in providing a fuller explanation about intergroup relations.
TRUE
TRUE OR FALSE 51) An ethnophaulism is a derogatory word or expression used to describe a racial or ethnic group.
TRUE
TRUE OR FALSE 51) Material culture consists, in part, of the meaning and significance attached to material objects.
TRUE
TRUE OR FALSE 57) When children are treated harshly they may grow up and displace their aggression on those who are less powerful.
TRUE
TRUE OR FALSE 53) Paralinguistic signals include sounds but not words.
TRUE
67) We can make a distinction between __________ and __________ discrimination. In the first, one takes action against someone, and, in the second, one's silent acquiescence to others' discriminatory actions is still a form of discrimination.
active, passive
68) The greater and more visible the __________, the greater the likelihood that conflict will occur.
cultural differentiation
62) Through _________, each generation transmits its culture to the next generation.
cultural transmission
TRUE OR FALSE 58) According to the concept of "persistent subcultures," all ethnic groups avoid any assimilation with the dominant culture.
false
TRUE OR FALSE 54) The significance attached to iPods is an element of nonmaterial culture.
false
67) Sociologists define a(n) __________ as a group to which individuals belong and feel loyal. A(n) __________ consists of all people to whom an individual does not have a sense of belonging and loyalty.
ingroup, outgroup
65) By __________, Alfred Schutz meant that people from the same social world mutually "know" the language, customs, beliefs, symbols, and everyday behavior patterns that the stranger usually does not.
intersubjective understanding
66) The development of racism includes philosophers such as Immanuel Kant offering biological distinctions of the races of mankind and 19th-century social Darwinists seeing human society as a __________ in which the naturally superior will win out.
survival of the fittest
TRUE OR FALSE 52) Most minority groups eventually adapt their distinctive cultural traits to those of the host society.
true
