Structure of Nucleic Acids

A-T form?

2 hydrogen bonds.

Phosphodiester Bonds Is the Linkage between two mononucleotides involves a phosphate group linked to ____sugars.

2 sugars

Nucleotides are abbreviated by

3 capital letters.

C-G form?

3 hydrogen bonds.

A chain of nucleotides is synthesized and "interpreted" in ____ direction.

5'-3'direction

A nucleotide consists of a nitrogen-containing base, a ______ , and 1 or more phosphate groups.

5-carbon sugar

___ form 2 hydrogen bonds.

A-T

If the nucleotide abbreviation is "A" what is the base ?

Adenine

If the nucleotide abbreviation is "A" what is the nucleoside ?

Adenosine

Phosphoric acid joins two _____ by ester linkage on both sides.

Alcohols

[tRNA's: transfer RNA's]Carry ______ to ribosome for protein synthesis.

Amino acids

[RNA]Exception: _____ have double-stranded helices.

Animal viruses

B-d-___ is used in deoxyribonucleic acid.

B-d-2-deoxyribose.

B-d-____ is used in ribonucleic acid.

B-d-Ribose

Within a pentose sugar what 2 kinds are used?

B-d-ribose & B-d-2-deoxyribose

____ form 3 hydrogen bonds.

C-G

The phosphates are normally joined to the _____ of the robose or deoxyribose sugar ( designated 5').

C5 hydroxyl

DNA is The ____ of genetic information between generations.

Carrier

The Structure of RNA Is ____ Similar to DNA, but Single Stranded.

Chemically Similar

Two chain of nucleotides within the ______ have opposite 5'- 3' directions

DNA double helix

Phosphoric acid joins two alcohols by _____on both sides.

Ester linkage

Whats an example of a nucleotide ?

Examples; AMP= adenosine monophosphate, dAMP= deoxyadenosine monophosphate, UDP=Uridine diphosphate, ATP=adenine triphosphate

What are the 3 classes of Cellular RNA?

Messenger RNA (mRNA), Ribosomal RNA (rRNA), Transfer RNA (tRNA)

____-, ___- & ___- phosphates are common.

Mono-, Di- & tri-

Base + sugar =

Nucleoside

All of these examples listed below are examples of what? Examples; AMP= adenosine monophosphate, dAMP= deoxyadenosine monophosphate, UDP=Uridine diphosphate, ATP=adenine triphosphate.

Nucleotides

______are the subunits of nucleic acids.

Nucleotides

Nucleotides linked by phosphodiester bonds, Between phosphate group at C-5' position and ___ group on ___ position.

OH Group, C-3' position

Each numbered carbon on the sugar of a nucleotide is followed by a prime mark; therefore?

One speaks of the "5-prime-carbon"

Phosphodiester Bonds Is the Linkage between two mononucleotides involves a____ group linked to two sugars.

Phosphate group

Nucleotides linked by phosphodiester bonds, Between ____ group at ____position.

Phosphate group, C-5' position

Nucleic Acids are long polymers of nucleotides linked together by covalent _____ bonds.

Phosphodiester

Ribonucleic acid-

RNA

RNA—

Ribonucleic Acid

The Structure of RNA Is Chemically Similar to DNA, but

Single Stranded.

[RNA]Most RNA are ___stranded.

Single-stranded

[RNA] ____ replaces deoxyribose of DNA.

Sugar ribose

_____ and _____ groups build backbone of a nucleic acid.

Sugars and phosphate

If the nucleotide abbreviation is "U" what is the nucleoside?

Uridine

Pentose=

a five-carbon sugar

A nucleotide consists of

a nitrogen-containing base, a five-carbon sugar, and 1 or more phosphate groups.

[tRNA's: transfer RNA's]Carry

amino acids to ribosome for protein synthesis.

Sugars and phosphate groups build

backbone of a nucleic acid

Nucleoside = ____ +____

base + sugar

___ +____+ ____= nucleotide

base+sugar+phosphate

[RNA]Originate as ______ copies of deoxynucleotide sequences of DNA.

complementary copies

[RNA]Originate as

complementary copies of deoxynucleotide sequences of DNA.

Nucleic Acids are long polymers of nucleotides linked together by _____ phosphodiester bonds.

covalent

If the nucleotide abbreviation is "C" what is the nucleoside?

cytidine

If the nucleotide abbreviation is "C" what is the base ?

cytosine

[RNA]Originate as complementary copies of _____ sequences of DNA.

deoxynucleotide sequences

B-d-2-deoxyribose is used in?

deoxyribonucleic acid

[RNA] Sugar ribose replaces ____ of DNA.

deoxyribose

Pairing between nucleotides enables formation of _________structures.

double stranded nucleic acid

[RNA]Exception: Animal viruses have

double-stranded helices.

Nitrogenous bases bond with

each other in a very specific manner.

Pairing between nucleotides enables

formation of double stranded nucleic acid structures

Three classes of cellular RNA's function during

gene expression

[mRNA's: messenger RNA's]Carry genetic information from ___ to ____.

gene to ribosome.

DNA is The carrier of genetic information between

generations

[mRNA's: messenger RNA's]Carry ______ from gene to ribosome.

genetic information

If the nucleotide abbreviation is "G" what is the base ?

guanine

If the nucleotide abbreviation is "G" what is the nucleoside?

guanosine

DNA is The provider of genetic information for

life processes

Nucleic acids are?

long polymers of nucleotides linked together by covalent phosphodiester bonds.

Messenger RNA is abbreviated as

mRNA

Phosphodiester Bonds Is the Linkage between two _____ involves a phosphate group linked to two sugars.

mononucleotides

A nucleotide consists of a _______ base, a five-carbon sugar, and 1 or more phosphate groups.

nitrogen-containing base

The bases are what type of compounds that are either pyrimidines or purines?

nitrogen-containing ring compounds

Specific pairing between nucleotides enables

nucleic acids functions

Nucleotides are the subunits of ?

nucleic acids.

Base + Sugar+ Phosphate =

nucleotide

Nucleic Acids are long polymers of ____ linked together by covalent phosphodiester bonds.

nucleotides

Pairing between ____ enables formation of double stranded nucleic acid structures.

nucleotides

Just like DNA, RNA has

nucleotides linked with phosphate chains.

Two chain of nucleotides within the DNA double helix have

opposite 5'- 3' directions

A nucleotide consists of a nitrogen-containing base, a five-carbon sugar, and 1 or more ? phosphate groups.

phosphate group

Nucleotides linked by _____, Between phosphate group at C-5' position and OH group on C-3' position.

phosphodiester bonds

Each numbered carbon on the sugar of a nucleotide is followed by a ?

prime mark

[rRNA's: ribosomal RNA's]Structural components of ribosomes for _____ during translation.

protein synthesis

[mRNA's: messenger RNA's]Template for

protein synthesis.

DNA is The ____ of genetic information for life processes.

provider

The bases are nitrogen-containing ring compounds, either

pyrimidines or purines

Ribosomal RNA is abbreviated as

rRNA

B-d-ribose is used in ?

ribonucleic acid

The phosphates are normally joined to the C5 hydroxyl of the

ribose or deoxyribose sugar ( designated 5').

[rRNA's: ribosomal RNA's]Structural components of ____ for protein synthesis during translation.

ribosomes

[rRNA's: ribosomal RNA's]Structural components of

ribosomes for protein synthesis during translation.

RNA's can be ___- or __-stranded.

single- or double-stranded.

A chain of nucleotides is

synthesized and "interpreted" in 5'- 3' direction

Transfer RNA is abbreviated as

tRNA

Nucleotides are named according to

their bases

If the nucleotide abbreviation is "T" what is the nucleoside?

thymidine

If the nucleotide abbreviation is "T" what is the base ?

thymine

[RNA]Nitrogenous base uracil replaces

thymine.

[rRNA's: ribosomal RNA's]Structural components of ribosomes for protein synthesis during ?

translation.

Phosphoric acid joins

two alcohols by ester linkage on both sides.

Phosphodiester Bonds Is the Linkage between

two mononucleotides involves a phosphate group linked to two sugars.

If the nucleotide abbreviation is "U" what is the base ?

uracil

[RNA]Nitrogenous base ___replaces thymine.

uracil