Study Guide, CH 7, 9, 10 ,11 ,12

*Which of the following statements regarding traits and leadership is accurate?

Recognition of leader traits can help select appropriate managers for organizations.

Which of the following is an example of intrapersonal conflict?

Role conflict

Antonia received some negative feedback on her sales performance on her last performance evaluation. It's already been a week since the meeting with her supervisor but she just can't stop thinking about the feedback. She keeps replaying it in her mind over and over. This is an example of

Rumination

Which of the following is NOT a root cause of conflict in the workplace?

Task satisfaction

In which of the following scenarios are you most likely to experience conflict?

The firm just instituted a matrix structure.

Which of the following statements regarding common mistakes in negotiations is correct?

Those with greater power are more likely to be effective when using anger in negotiations.

A formal leader is one who holds a position of authority and may utilize the power that comes from that position as well as personal power to influence others.

True

According to one survey, over half of workers report job stress as an issue for them.

True

Because the storming stage is a very chaotic one, many groups get stuck in that phase of group development.

True

Challenge stressors have been shown to relate to increased engagement and performance.

True

Cliff and Beth both received poor grades on their finance exam. Because of the fundamental attribution error, Cliff is more likely to blame his poor test grade on a bad instructor, but blame Beth's poor test grade on Beth's lack of effort studying for the test.

True

Escalation of commitment is also known as "sunken cost fallacy."

True

Groupthink is one of the reasons cited for the tragedy of the Challenger space shuttle.

True

Leaders do not need to rely on the use of force to influence people

True

Matrix-structured organizations often experience decisional conflict because each manager reports to two bosses.

True

One of the pros of group decision making is the potential for greater commitment to the decision.

True

One way to avoid escalation of commitment is to have identifiable turning back points.

True

Research evidence exists to demonstrate that teams can reduce labor costs, increase product quality, and raise revenues.

True

Research on effective teams indicates that they are characterized by low but increasing levels of process conflict.

True

When intelligence is measured with a paper and pencil test, its relationship to leadership is a bit weaker than when intelligence is viewed as the perceived intelligence of the leader.

True

When we perceive a threat to our safety, the body reacts with a "fight or flight" response.

True

Anita seems to take life as it comes. When the refrigerator and washing machine broke down in the same day flooding the kitchen, she laughed it off saying, "It could always be worse." She then went and called the appliance repair service. Anita has a _________________ personality

Type B

Conflict refers to

a process that involves people disagreeing.

Intrapersonal conflict refers to

a type of conflict that arises when a person is uncertain about what is expected or wanted or has a sense of being inadequate to the task.

*Selecting a new computer based on a low price without analyzing what software, warranties, and peripherals come with it is an example of

anchoring and adjustment bias.

According to the leadership decision tree, a leader who makes a decision alone using available information has a(n)

autocratic decision-making style.

*Individuals have flawed decision making processes are because of

cognitive biases

Bob meets with his subordinates on a regular basis to share concerns and information with the group. He takes their feedback but makes decisions on his own. According to the leadership decision tree, Bob has a(n) _____________ decision-making style.

consultative

Escalation of commitment occurs because

decision makers do not want to admit they were wrong

Making choices among alternative courses of action, including inaction, is

decision making.

Maurice is a manager in the production area of a large manufacturing firm. He sets a tight production schedule every day and makes certain each employee knows what job he is performing that day and how to perform it. Maurice has a ____________ leadership style.

directive

Expectancy theory suggests individuals are motivated when

effort leads to high performance.

A movie called the "Money Pit" starring Tom Hanks and Shelley Long focused on the couple buying a house and continually having to spend money repairing one part of it after another. A number of times they should have sold the house, but they kept thinking that if they did just one more thing, the house would be great. This is situation is an example of what decision-making trap?

escalation of commitment

Symptoms of too much cohesion include

failures are blamed on external factors.

The tendency for decision makers to be influenced by the way that a situation or problem is presented is

framing bias.

NASA endured the Challenger disaster when group members conformed with top managers' decisions that launching the space shuttle in freezing temperatures was better than missing the launch window. This is an example of what group process?

groupthink

A key trait associated with leadership is

high integrity.

A formal work group is

made up of managers, subordinates, or both with close associations among group members that influence the behavior of individuals in the group.

Programmed decisions are

ones which occur frequently enough that an automated response is developed for them.

Jared is a member of the engineering department in the manufacturing firm and also serves on the Strategy 2015 team, which is crafting an engineering strategy for the firm's future. He has a "Do not miss" meeting in the engineering department scheduled for Wednesday at 8 a.m. and just received an urgent email about a "Can't miss" meeting for the strategy group at 8:15 a.m. Wednesday morning. Jared is experiencing

role conflict.

Research on transformational and transactional leadership shows

transformational leaders create higher levels of commitment to organizational change efforts.

*The demand-control model proposes that stress occurs when

work places a lot of demands on the person, who has little control over the situation.

Which of the following is a key trait associated with leadership?

High conscientiousness

Which of the following is a true statement about leader-member exchange (LMX) theory?

In high LMX relationships, the leader has a trust-based relationship with the member.

Which of the following is a positive outcome of conflict in the organization?

Increased creativity

Research indicates which of the following findings regarding negotiations is correct?

Individuals who were unable to negotiate a deal in previous negotiation situations tended to have lower outcomes in subsequent negotiations than those who had initially negotiated deals in the past.

Which of the following statements is true regarding House's path-goal theory of leadership?

Leaders can create high performing employees by making sure employee effort leads to performance and that performance is rewarded with desired rewards.

*Lakeisha and Dan just got let go because their position was eliminated after a merger. Dan is furious and can't sleep or eat. Lakeisha went to her community center to volunteer, feels fortunate she has an opportunity to help, and is sure something better will come along. Lakeisha has

Positive reappraisal

If a variety of knowledge, skills, and abilities is needed, if feedback from different organizational groups is needed, if tasks are largely independent, and if wide cooperation is needed to achieve mutual goals, then a team is needed.

False

Research on effective teams indicates that they are characterized by low but increasing levels of task conflict.

False

Stress, or the body's response to a change that requires a physical, mental or emotional response, is always bad for the individual.

False

Task independence is a root cause of much conflict in the organization.

False

The key properties of a true team are collaborative action, sacrifice for the common good, and compensation based upon individual outcomes.

False

Which of the following statements is true regarding the judgments about correlation and causality bias?

A correlation between two variables is not evidence for causality.

Which group would be the most effective from a performance standpoint?

A group with high group cohesion and high task commitment

Individuals are influenced in their decision making by which of the following biases?

All of the above

Which of the following is a negative outcome of conflict in the organization?

All of the above

To successfully facilitate a group, a leader needs to move through a series of leadership styles over time. Which of the following styles is the FIRST a successful group leader should exhibit?

Director

Which of the following is considered a good piece of advice to offer individuals who want to engage in successful negotiations?

Don't worry about periods of silence; just wait.

Which of the following statements regarding life stressors is correct?

Expectations of future downsizing leads to greater absenteeism in the workplace.

All effective leaders are extroverts

False

Challenge stressors generally show negative effects on performance, while hindrance stressors generally show positive effects on performance.

False

Emotional intelligence helps an individual attain the management ranks, but once there, mental intelligence becomes important.

False

Given research on anchoring bias, individuals are more likely to assume that more people die from car accidents as compared to stomach cancer.

False

Idea-generation tasks include coming up with plans for actions and making decisions.

False