study questions/ terms

Correctly order the three steps of hemostasis.

(1) vascular spasm, (2) platelet plug formation, (3) coagulation

A blood sample agglutinates (clumps) with anti-A and anti-B sera, but not with anti-Rh (D) serum. Which blood type does this test reveal?

AB negative

Identify the component of the ECG that corresponds to depolarization of the ventricles.

QRS complex

Identify the correct sequence of blood flow through the chambers of the heart.

Right atrium, right ventricle, lungs, left atrium, left ventricle

What is the correct description of a phase of gastric secretion?

The cephalic phase occurs before food enters the stomach.

Which of the following structures lies on the outside surface of the heart and is an integral part of the heart wall?

The epicardium

Serous pericardium.

Thin, slippery, two-layered membrane

Select the coronary vessel that supplies oxygen-rich blood to the left atrium and the posterior walls of the left ventricle. anterior interventricular artery circumflex artery great cardiac vein coronary sinus

circumflex artery

The right ventricle pumps blood into which structure?

pulmonary trunk

Which component of the conduction system sets the pace for the heart as a whole?

sinoatrial (SA) node

What digestive function do bacteria perform within the large intestine?

energy recovery from otherwise undigestible foods

Which leukocyte kills parasitic worms by releasing enzymes from cytoplasmic granules?

eosinophil

Platelets develop from which precursor cells?

megakaryocytes

Guided by powerful signaling molecules, the human heart develops from

mesoderm

The trabeculae carneae are located in the __________.

ventricles

Which side of the heart pumps first?

Both sides of the heart pump at the same time.

Which is the correct sequence of layers in the heart wall, starting with the outer layer?

Epicardium, myocardium, endocardium

Endocardium

Glistening white sheet of endothelium lining the inside of the heart

Epicardium.

Inner layer of pericardium (called the visceral layer)

Which anatomical or physiological feature correctly describes cardiac muscle and not skeletal muscle? Striations appear as alternating light and dark bands. Sarcoplasmic reticulum stores and releases calcium ions. Intercalated discs connect adjacent muscle cells. Calcium ions bind troponin to signal contraction.

Intercalated discs connect adjacent muscle cell

Match the component of plasma with its description and/or importance: Globulins. Produced by liver; exerts osmotic pressure to maintain water balance between blood and tissues Ninety percent of plasma volume; dissolving and suspending medium for solutes of blood Involved in transport of lipids; involved in immune response By-products of cellular metabolism (urea, uric acid)

Involved in transport of lipids; involved in immune response

Which of the following is not a role of the pericardium?

It facilitates heart contraction.

Fibrous pericardium

Loosely fitting superficial part of the sac enclosing the heart

Myocardium.

Middle layer of the heart, composed mainly of cardiac muscle

Select a structural characteristic of a red blood cell that contributes to its gas transport function.

The biconcave shape provides a greater surface area relative to the cell volume.

Which of the following statements is true? The left ventricular cavity is flattened into a crescent shape. The left ventricular cavity is nearly circular. The right ventricular cavity is nearly circular. The right ventricular cavity pumps blood at a higher pressure than the left ventrical The left ventricle wall is thicker than the right ventricle wall.

The left ventricle wall is thicker than the right ventricle wall.

What is the hematocrit?

The percentage of the whole blood made up of red blood cells

What happens when the ventricular pressure exceeds the aortic pressure?

The semilunar valves open.

The superior chambers of the heart are called the __________.

atria

Which laboratory test can indicate anemia due to decreased erythrocyte production?

complete blood count

Choose the statement that correctly describes a feature of the esophageal wall. a- Esophageal glands of the submucosa secrete enzymes that convert the bolus into a liquid chyme. b- The mucosa contains an abrasion-resistant epithelium consisting of a single layer of column-shaped cells. c- An adventitia anchors the esophagus posteriorly while the serosa blends with structures anteriorly. d- The muscularis externa transitions from skeletal muscle superiorly to smooth muscle near the stomach.

d

What part of a tooth is the hardest substance in the body?

enamel

Which cardiac term refers to the volume of blood remaining in a ventricle after contraction?

end systolic volume

The lining of the heart chambers is called the __________.

endocardium

Identify the most numerous formed elements in blood.

erythrocytes

Inadequate blood oxygen levels causes the kidneys to release which chemical messenger?

erythropoietin

Which structure forms the most superficial covering of the heart?

fibrous pericardium

Which structure opens into the duodenum of the small intestine?

hepatopancreatic ampulla

What is the factor that increases cardiac output?

increased preload

Which blood vessel returns blood to the heart from areas below the diaphragm muscle?

inferior vena cava

The walls of the __________ are thicker than the walls of any other heart chamber.

left ventricle

Select the enzymatic component of pancreatic juice that digests fats.

lipase

What is the leukocyte that is abundant in (lymph) nodes and plays a vital role in immunity?

lymphocytes

Which stomach cells secrete hydrochloric acid?

parietal cells

The inner lining of the fibrous pericardium is formed by the __________.

parietal layer of serous pericardium

The enzyme pepsin digests _______ in the stomach.

proteins

The endocardium is composed of

squamous epithelium

Which bleeding disorder results from not having enough platelets?

thrombocytopenia

Which heart valve prevents backflow into the right atrium?

tricuspid valve

Which ABO blood type has red blood cells with type A antigens (agglutinogens) on their external surface and anti-B antibodies (agglutinins) in the blood plasma?

type A

Which structural feature of the small intestine consists of fingerlike projections of the mucosa that increase the surface area of the small intestine?

villi