Study set for anthro midterm

Modern Homo sapiens were distinguished from other early Homo species by analyzing their behavior. True or false

False

Paleoanthropology is the study of disease and injury in skeletons from archaeological sites. True or False.

False

Which anthropologist was largely responsible for changing many of the misrepresentations of Indigenous people common in the late 19th and early 20th centuries?

Franz Boas

This model of human evolution describes humans originating in multiple different places and many variants have occurred over time.

Multiregional Evolution

Select the appropriate answers: We see an increase in these health conditions as agricultural practices become more popular. Osteoporosis Infectious Disease Tooth Decay Malnutrition

Osteoporosis Infectious Disease Tooth Decay Malnutrition

Neanderthals are known for having these traits: Reduced post orbital constriction Two molars instead of three Cranial capacity of 1400ccs or more Protruding chin Retromolar gap

Reduced post orbital constriction Cranial capacity of 1400ccs or more Retromolar gap

We can infer a settlement was egalitarian when there are little to no differences between burials. True or False.

True

Which of the following would be considered ethical practices for anthropologists? Select all that apply - Rushing into a project before permission is granted because it could be really groundbreaking work - Establishing collaborative relationships with those colleagues and their institutions before, during, and after fieldwork - Ensure that something is "given back" to host country colleagues - Lying or fudging the truth of what your research is about in order to gain consent

- Establishing collaborative relationships with those colleagues and their institutions before, during, and after fieldwork - Ensure that something is "given back" to host country colleagues

We have evidence that Homo rudolfensis communicated via spoken languages. True or False.

False

A type of relative dating technique uses isotopes. True or false.

False.

All stone formations were created as a ceremonial place. True or False.

False.

Dominance is a trait not a role. True or False.

False.

Homo ergaster had a protruding chin. True or False.

False.

This is longer in primates than other mammals.

Infant Dependency Period

What is the formal term for people who can provide the most complete or useful information about particular aspects of life in their culture?

Key cultural consultants

This type of society has a low population, kinship relationships, and a lack of political systems.

Non-State

This is a type of tool making process.

Olduwan

This country refused people of color the right to vote until 1993.

South Africa

As mentioned in the lecture, Primatologists study all of these except

Sustenance

The Neolithic Period is also known as

The New Stone Age

Alluvial plains were a main driver for animal domestication. True or False

True.

Ethnography is...

a research process that involves living in the community you are studying long term

Which description would be an example of cultural bias?

refusing to taste the food served to you when visiting friends who emigrated from another country because the food is unfamiliar

This Homo species was the first to use blade tools.

sapiens

Having a smaller snout increases

the sense of vision

Beyond human error, what are some major sources of error with radiocarbon dating? Contamination of sampling Context of deposition Date of context All of the above

All of the above

Informed consent is... - Important, necessary, cannot do research that involves people without it - Required not just for interviews, but also for biological samples from people - Agreement to participate in the research after being informed about the nature, procedures, and possible impacts of the research, as well as what will be done with the data collected after the research is complete - All of the above

All of the above

Which of these is not how an empire keeps control

Blackmail

This individual proposed that Caucasians were made in the image of God.

Blumenbach

Grooming is a source of _________ for primates

Bonding

Which of the following is NOT a biocultural innovation in Homo erectus.

Domestication of animals

A union of dispersed territories, colonies, states, and unrelated peoples under one sovereign rule.

Empire

Multifemale/One Male is the most common grouping of primates. True or False.

False.

Prosimians are a type of Anthropoid. True or False.

False.

Shanidar was the first area to domesticate rye in the Fertile Crescent. True or False

False.

The missing link is an Australopithecus. True or False.

False.

This historic art site was duplicated to prevent the decay of artifacts.

Lascaux II

All of these are types of great apes except

Lemur

This pigment protects the skin against radiation, reduces the chances of skin cancer, and prevents the destruction of vitamins via light.

Melanin

What is the basis of relative dating?

The idea that something is older or younger relative to something else

Ethics is the science of what is right and wrong and increasingly most branches of archaeology are incorporating an ethical dimension. True or False

True

Genocide is the physical extermination of one people by another; either as a deliberate act or as the accidental outcome of activities carried out by one people with little regard for their impact on others. True or False.

True

Neanderthals used a technique in tool making called Mousterian tool making. True or false

True

Structural violence is the physical and/or psychological harm caused by impersonal, exploitative, and unjust social, political, and economic systems. True or False

True

25-50% of Indigenous women in the US were forcibly sterilized between 1970-1976. True or False.

True.

Above all else, anthropologists should do no harm. True or False.

True.

Hominins are hominids but hominids are not hominins. True or False.

True.

In modern humans, the brain requires 20% of all energy intake. True or False

True.

Most people contain anywhere from 0-7% Neanderthal DNA which suggests that there was gene flow between them and modern humans. True or False.

True.

Records systems can be used to determine if a community is a state. True or False.

True.

The curved fingers of the Homo habilis suggest precision grip. True or False.

True.

There are sites in the Americas that predate Clovis points. True or False.

True.

We can witness the collapse of an empire through the archaeological record. True or False

True.

We have evidence of portable art dating to around 35,000 years ago. True or False.

True.

What is stratigraphy?

Using the order of strata (or layers) to determine chronological sequence, the earliest at the bottom and the latest at the top.

Why would you want your domesticated animals to be smaller than wild animals? to control them to keep yourself safe from injury they are stored more easily in corrals all answers are correct

all answers are correct

Which term describes an anthropologist who studies the human fossil record, genetics, and evolution to answer questions about human origins?

biological anthropologist

What type of anthropologist researches the organization and relationships of a culture through direct observation?

cultural anthropologist

Select the 6 main postcranial traits in bipedalism double arched foot angled femur flaring iliac blade thickened femur humeri placed to the sides shortened tarsals 2-5 forward placed foramen magnum adducted big toe

double arched foot angled femur flaring iliac blade shortened tarsals 2-5 forward placed foramen magnum adducted big toe

Which action would BEST help address the challenges of cultural bias as anthropologists strive for the "insider's point of view"?

engaging in collaborative ethnography that engages members of the community in the research

Which term describes the mindset or belief that one's own cultural knowledge, traditions, and beliefs are better than that of another culture?

ethnocentrism

This Homo species is referred to as "the handy man"

habilis

Which term describes the anthropological approach to understanding how the elements of a culture are interconnected?

holism

What type of anthropologist studies the origins of language, how language shapes thoughts, and the power of language in forming relationships and cultural worldviews?

linguistic anthropologist

The primary goal of an anthropologist is best described as which of the following?

to ethically and accurately represent a culture through the perspective and worldview of the culture studied

Catal Huyuk is known for its buildings having extravagant doors. True or False

False

Homo sapiens outcompeted Neanderthals by getting into fights with them and stealing their resources. True or false

False

Race is genetic. True or False

False

We are directly descended from monkeys. True or False.

False

Hunting and Gathering is an extinct form of food acquisition. True or False

False.

In the time of the Neolithic, Jericho is considered a state. True or False

False.

Intelligence and athletic ability are genetically tied to race. True or False

False.

Modern humans are just more advanced Neanderthals. True or False.

False.

Molars in Homo erectus were found to be shovel-shaped. True or False.

False.

Which of these is not a state development theory?

Religion

This common standardized test was created by Carl Brigham because he believed intelligence existed outside of culture. Hint pg 163

SAT

This continent was populated around 40,000 years ago

Australia

This individual is well known for their studies on race and anthropometry.

Franz Boas

This species is compared to the Hobbits of Lord of the Rings

Homo florensiensis