Studybook 17
Look at this image. What shape does the gently indented oval shown in the plan of Francesco Borromini's Facade of San Carlo alle Quattro Fontane suggest?
Cross
Which monarchs ruled their countries as virtual dictators during The Age of Kings?
King Louis of France Maria Theresa of Austria Catherine the Great of Russia
Who was the primary audience for Artemisia Gentileschi's work?
Kings and rulers of Europe
Why was the study of anatomy so important in the academies?
Mastering of the human form was associated with the belief that the greatest subject for art was history.
The success of Jacques-Louis David's The Oath of the Horatii was emblematic of the departure of Rococo and the arrival of ______, the official style of the Revolution.
Neoclassicism
When "new classicism" became popular in Europe what civic virtues were the social thinkers and leaders encouraging?
Patriotism, stoicism, self-sacrifice, and frugality Roman family values
What does a Dutch genre painting feature?
Scenes of everyday life
Mastery of the human form and an elevated literary subject signaled that Artemisia would be a history painter. What work of this artist features a female nude and depicts a biblical story?
Susanna and the Elders
The life of St. Theresa, the subject matter of Gianlorenzo Bernini's St. Theresa in Ecstacy, was closely associated with what contemporaneous political and religious movement?
The Counter-Reformation
Baroque was the art of cathedrals and palaces, whereas Rococo had a more ______ focus.
intimate
Look at this image. What Baroque innovation is shown through the quality of Francesco Borromini's Facade of San Carlo alle Quattro Fontane?
Complex ornamentation and surface
Which Baroque characteristics were common in the religious paintings of the 17th century?
Emphasis on emotions Intense theatricality Strong contrast of light areas and shadows
Where did the Rococo style of architecture originate?
France
Contrast can be depicted easily in paintings. What was Dutch landscape painter Jacob van Ruisdael's View of Ootmarsum contrasting?
He was contrasting the sky with its billowing cloud which yield to the wind and can never be tamed with human order has been established.
It protrudes into the viewer's space through convex and concave surfaces.
Caravaggio
Even though there is a church in van Ruisdael's View of Ootmarsum, why is it considered secular?
Although the church steeple did appear in the landscape scene, it did not dominate the work.
Who was a painter of the American Revolution?
Charles Willson Peale
How were the academies of the Renaissance different from 18th century academies?
Early Renaissance academies were private informal groups of artists and scholars.
Look at this image. Despite the focus on the church building, why is this landscaping painting by Dutch artist Jacob van Ruisdael considered secular?
Even though religious art did not dominate art like it did in the Renaissance and the Italian Baroque art period, it still appeared as in this scene.
True or false: In examining the Baroque movement we can see how the Baroque style in the Dutch Netherlands was exactly the same as the characteristic of the Baroque style in France, Spain and Italy.
False
True or false: Women were accepted into the academies but they were not allowed to be students as the male students could not concentrate on their paintings or sculptures.
False
What two areas in art was Artemisia Gentileschi was considered skilled?
Portraiture Landscapes
What did the prominence of Protestantism during the 17th century in the Netherlands mean?
Religious imagery and ornate churches were less prominent in artworks.
Which 17th and 18th century artists were well-known portrait painters?
Rembrandt Elisabeth Vigée-Lebrun Artemisia Gentileschi
How does Versailles reflect Baroque splendor?
The lavish setting for Louis XIV features an ornate Hall of Mirrors, curves, and rich fabrics.
What characteristics best describe art of the Baroque era?
Works of art were embellished with ornamentation Artists used strong contrasts between lights and dark.
Look at this image. As a court painter, Velazquez painted Las Meninas. What appears unusual in the scene portrayed?
Diego Velázquez has painted himself in the scene.
Look at the image. What baroque quality can be seen in Gianlorenzo Bernini's St. Theresa in Ecstacy?
Dramatic use of shadows
What Baroque quality can be seen in the Hall of Mirrors at the Palace of Versailles?
The opulent decorations and grand scale
What is incorrect about this description? Rembrandt contributed much to the art world. He not only mastered sculpture but also painting, drawing and etching. He was skilled in portraits, landscapes, and religious scenes.
He was not skilled in sculpture.
Besides being know as an accomplished portrait painter, what one event in Elisabeth Vigee-Lebrun's life led the way for other women to gain prestige in the artistic community?
In 1778 she gained acceptance into the French Royal Academy.
Look at this image. Although the painting shows a formal scene due to it being an official portrait, how does the artist show a warm everyday quality?
It appears to be that of an everyday scene. People are casually talking and moving in the scene.
Look at this image. How does David's The Oath of the Horatii represent the style and subject matter used in Neoclassicism?
It exemplifies patriotism which is a virtue encouraged by rulers and social thinkers. The colors are no longer pastels with creamy brush strokes. The scene is in rich colors with the subjects showing patriotism.
Look at this image. What is the effect of Caravaggio's depiction of the stone slab covering Christ's tomb?
It projects forward directly involving viewers in the action of scene.
Unlike Renaissance architecture, what does Baroque architecture offer?
It protrudes into the viewer's space through convex and concave surfaces.
Look at this image. In Entombment of Christ, what effect does Caravaggio create with high contrast of light foreground and dark background?
It pushes the foreground characters into our space.
Why wasn't Fragonard's painting The Pursuit, from the Progress of Love accepted by Madame du Barry?
It was considered old-fashioned and sentimental. The seriousness of life was now in vogue.
In Rembrandt's Sortie of Captain Banning Cocq's Company of the Civic Guard, what effect was used on Captain Cocq, the drummer, the lieutenant and the girl in the golden dress?
Rembrandt brought attention to these people through the use of lighting.
What is the term Rococo, an extension on the word Baroque, French for?
Rocks and shells
Look at this image. How does Rubens link the king in the foreground of the picture with the gods above?
Rubens's use of the diagonal line leads the eye from the king in the foreground to the gods pictured above.
The Age of Kings occurred at the same time as the Age of Colonial Settlement during the 17th and 18th centuries. What are the differences between the two time periods?
The Age of Kings occurred in Europe. The Age of Colonial Settlement took place in North and South America. The Age of Kings was in an established country which had monarchs and a political system. The settlements in the Americas were just beginning to establish settlements.
Look at this image. Which statement indicates why this painting and others in this style appealed to French aristocrats and kings?
The painting reflects a dreamlike state which may have appealed to leaders who were weary of all the formal grandeur which accompanied their duties.
In Entombment of Christ, Caravaggio has structured the hands from the top right of the painting down to Christ's face. What special element did he use?
The use of a diagonal line
Why were there requests from all over Catholic Europe for Borromi's plans for Saint Charles of the Four Fountains Church?
The use of convex or concave curved walls suggested a soft motion, almost pulsating space.
What factors contributed to the rise of the Neoclassical style?
The view that the Romans Republic embodied the civic virtues of patriotism, stoicism, and frugality The discovery of the ruins at Herculaneum and Pompeii A revived interest in Roman art and culture
Bernini's St. Teresa in Ecstasy in the centerpiece of Cornaro Chapel. What story and baroque characteristics did this sculpture focus on?
There is a theatrical appearance to this mystic who founded and order of nuns and was known for communicating with angels, while in trances.
What did monarchs of Europe do during the 17th and 18th centuries?
They governed as virtual dictators. Their influence dominated the social and cultural affairs of the time.
True or false. Rubens created Juno and Jupiter theatrically staged with the billowing drapery flowing into the rolling clouds. Baroque's leading artist Bernini was also famous for his depiction of theatricality.
True
True or false: Vigee-Lebrun's calm personality and steadfastness can be seen in her self-portrait by: the way she gently holds the chalk; the calm look on her face; and perhaps the softness of the cast shadow displayed on the canvas.
True
Look at this image. Who are these people in the scene? Why are some people highlighted with light and others not?
Various individuals; those who paid more were highlighted
The style was an era in Europe which focused on extravagance. It occurred at the same time that the colonists in America went through a period known as the starving time.
Baroque
Like other Baroque artists, Diego Velázquez uses ______ to create drama and organize space.
light
Why was Elisabeth Vigee-Lebrun requested to paint Marie-Antoinette and her children?
It was hoped that this portrait would portray her as a devoted and beloved mother. The citizens looked at the portrait of the Queen in her muslin dress without favor. It did not depict Roman family values.
Both Velazquez and Caravaggio used in their works to create drama and emphasis.
light
In contrast with the dynamic compositions of Italian Baroque painting, what did Nicolas Poussin's compositions present?
A focus on horizontal and vertical lines
Look at this image. The Death of Marat was painted by Jacques-Louis David. Which statement best tells importance of Marat?
A major revolutionary leader who was the voice of the radical political faction called Jacobins
What circumstance set Dutch Baroque art apart from other Baroque movements?
A powerful Dutch merchant class favored art focused on home, family, and business.
Look at this image. In examining this work, what emotion is the artist trying to show through the women who were placed on the side?
David is trying to show the emotion of sadness. They realize that one person they care about will be killed.
Which are characteristics of 17th and 18th century European landscape paintings?
De-emphasis of people Depiction of the immensity of the natural world Focus on architecture
What does the exterior of the Palace of Versailles reflect?
French interest in Classical architecture
paintings takes life for its subject matter or the lives of ordinary people are considered as subject matter for art.
Genre
The Renaissance humanist tried to revive Classical culture by creating academies which were modeled after what?
The academies were modeled after the Akademeia.
Look at this image. How does the artist, Artemisia Gentileschi project the figures in Judith and Maidservant with the Head of Holofernes into the viewers' space?
The artist lit the figures dramatically with the use of the flickering candle and plunged the background into shadow.
Rembrandt is credited with what innovation found in Dutch Baroque art?
The incorporation of individual portraits within the context of a larger activity
Look at this image. What was the only Baroque characteristic seen in Claude Lorrain's work The Abduction of Europa?
The manipulation of light
While in Paris, Rubens painted a series of 24 paintings of the life of the Queen mother Marie de' Medici. What was the purpose of the paintings?
To celebrate the French monarchy and Marie's right to rule following the death of her husband, Henri IV
Look at this image. In 1787, Elisabeth Vigée-Lebrun painted this portrait of Marie-Antoinette and her children for what specific purpose?
To foster good will and positive sentiment for the Queen and royal family
What was the intention of Jaques-Louis David's composition Death of Marat?
To frame the death of revolutionary leader as the heroic death of martyr
Look at this image. What does the wavering candle flame in Artemisia Gentileschi's Judith and the Maidservant with the Head of Holofernes serve?
To heighten the sense of danger
True or false? Baroque architecture was the art of cathedrals and places, large scale and dramatic; while, Rococo was extravagant and ornate, intimate and suitable for the aristocratic home.
True
Look at this image. The use of ______ by Bernini changes the chapel itself into a theatrical experience with the drama of St. Theresa as if being on stage.
transformation
Look at this image. How did Caravaggio create an emotional impact which involved the church parishioners and the priest?
He placed the painting so that the head of the priest is eye level with the slab.
How are the characteristics of French Baroque different from the Baroque period in Italy?
Originally Italian Baroque art was full of emotion, energy, movement and theatrical; however, it changed in each country.