Subspecalties test 2 scrotal

Which statement is true? infracted area in the testis will have no flow on Color Doppler Valsalva maneuver helps in diagnosing varicoceles Acute epididymitis demonstrates low blood flow on color Doppler a and b are true a and c are true

a and b are true

Which statement is true? Leydig cells in the testis are responsible for producing testosterone in the seminiferous tubules, spermatogenesis occurs FSH stimulates spermatogenesis a and c are true a, b, and c are true

a, b, and c are true

Which statement is FALSE? twisting of the spermatic cord upon itself predisposes to testicular torsion. a spermatic vein is considered dilated when the diameter exceeds 2 mm The echogenic structure superior to the testis most likely represents epididymal head epididymitis is most commonly caused by bladder infection decreased urine output is an indication for scrotal ultrasound

decreased urine output is an indication for scrotal ultrasound

Approximately, how many lobules are in a testis?

200

Normal testes will descend into the scrotal sac by: 6-7 months of gestation 4-5 months of gestation Right before birth 2 weeks after birth 6 months after birth

6-7 months of gestation

Which statement is true? There is no increased incidence of torsion and malignancy in polyorchidism hydroceles can be septated the presence of 5 or more punctuate calcifications in the testis does not indicate abnormality pampiniform venous plexus passes is in the spermatic cord b and d are true

B and D are true

Which statement regarding metastasis to the testis is FALSE? non-Hodgkin lymphoma is the most common secondary testicular neoplasm Leukemia is the second most common secondary testicular neoplasm Metastasis usually appears as hypoechoic lesions in the testis Commonly seen in young men Metastasis from the urinary tract and prostate are common

Commonly seen in young men

Which statement is FALSE? Doppler characteristic of the venous blood flow in varicoceles is increased blood flow. In the subacute phase of testicular torsion, anechoic areas in testes with decreased blood flow may be seen Multi microlithiasis in the testis is considered pre-malignant feature The epidermoid cyst in the scrotum is benign Infarcts in the testis usually occur in the central part of the testis

Infarcts in the testis usually occur in the central part of the testis

Which statement is correct? Bell-clapper deformity is NOT associated with testicular torsion Bell-clapper deformity is associated with testicular infarction The rete testis is located in the mediastinum testis a and c are correct a, b, and c are correct

The rete testis is located in the mediastinum testis

Which of the following is true? The fractured teste has to be surgically fixed within 72 hours of trauma. Scrotal hematoma demonstrates blood flow on the periphery. Venous blood flow is harder to find on spectral Doppler than arterial. Venous blood flow is lost late in the process of testicular torsion

Venous blood flow is harder to find on spectral Doppler than arterial.

The presenting symptom or finding of a testicular malignant tumor may be: para-aortic lymphadenopathy lump Microlithiasis on US retroperitoneal lymphadenopathy all of the above

all of the above

Which statement regarding testicular veins is true? right testicular vein drains into IVC left testicular vein drains into left renal vein pampiniform plexus veins drain into testicular vein testicular vein is contained in the spermatic cord all of the above

all of the above

Which statement regarding mediastinum testis is (are) true? hyperechoic linear structure that runs from superior to inferior on sagittal view hyperechoic linear structure that runs from the right to the left of the image on sagittal view It contains rete testis two statements are correct all statements are correct

all statements are correct

Testicular artery is a branch of:

aorta

Which statement is true? The scrotum is divided into two compartments by the lateral raphe spermatocele is a cyst with low level echoes. orchitis shows hypervascularity on color Doppler while testicular torsion shows minimum or no flow The testicular artery is a branch of the internal iliac artery. b and c are correct

b and c are correct

What's the name of the area where the testicle is attached posteriorly to the scrotal sac preventing the teste from torsion?

bare area

Which of the following arteries is contained in the spermatic cord?

cremasteric

The testicular artery pierces the testicular capsule forming:

capsular arteries

Which statement is FALSE? mixed germ cell tumor is the second most common testicular malignancy after seminoma HCG is a useful marker for detecting choriocarcinoma in the testis teratomas are usually benign especially in children teratomas are considered malignant in adults epidermoid cyst of the testis is malignant

epidermoid cyst of the testis is malignant

The most common cause of an acute scrotum in post-pubertal males is:

epididymitis

Which of the following pathologies is the most common cause of acute scrotal pain in 30-year-old man?

epididymitis

A young man presents with tender and hot scrotum, fever. Sonographic study shows enlarged and hypoechoic left epididymis. The left testis was hypoechoic. Increased vascularity in the epididymis and the testis on color Doppler. The most likely diagnosis is:

epididymo-orchitis

On a longitudinal scan of the scrotum, the most superior portion is the: ductus deferens rete testis body of the epididymis head of epididymis spermatic cord

head of epididymis

Which statement is true? the most common location for a spermatocele is the tail of the epididymis hematocele is a blood filled sac that surround the testicle, secondary to trauma or surgery. in acute epididymitis, the epididymis is enlarged and hyperechoic There is decreased blood flow to the epididymis in acute epididymitis The left testicular vain drains into IVC

hematocele is a blood filled sac that surround the testicle, secondary to trauma or surgery.

A patient presents with a history of scrotal swelling and tenderness. He denies any scrotal trauma. On the basis of this clinical history, the sonographic findings are most consistent with a:

hydrocele

Steps you can do to enhance the image, so you can be able to differentiate between a cyst and a hypoechoic cancerous mass include all of the following EXCEPT: choose a higher frequency transducer place focal zone at the level of area of interest use color Doppler Doppler increase the system gain scan in multiple planes to get rid of side lobes

increase the system gain

Which statement is FALSE? the second most common intratesticular tumor is embryonal cell cancer embryonal testicular cancer have complex appearance on ultrasound increased levels of chorionic gonadotropin is seen in seminomas seminoma is the most common germ cell tumor of the testicles Embryonal cell carcinoma is more aggressive and less treatable than seminom

increased levels of chorionic gonadotropin is seen in seminomas

Complication of cryptorchidism/ orchioplexy is:

increased risk of malignancy

All of the following are extra-testicular findings associated with torsion EXCEPT: enlarged epididymis scrotal wall thickening hydrocele formation increased varicoceles

increased varicoceles

A 27-year-old man with scrotal swelling is referred for a scrotal sonogram. A large cystic space is found surrounding the normal testicle. All of the following could be appropriate descriptions for the finding EXCEPT: congenital acquired traumatic it is accompanied with dilated veins infective

it is accompanied with dilated veins

The majority of intratesticular masses are:

malignant

The echogenic linear structure which can be tracked within the testis to the periphery is called:

mediastinum

The thickened portion of the tunica albuginea is termed the:

mediastinum testis

Which of the following statements is FALSE? varicoceles are usually greater on the left most extratesticular masses are benign the right gonadal vein drains into IVC most intratesticular masses are malignant most undescended testicles are found in the pelvis

most undescended testicles are found in the pelvis

Which statement regarding cryptorchidism is FALSE? one of the complications is infertility one of the complications is cancer orchiopexy on the undescended testis decreases the risk of malignancy the normally descended testis is likely to develop cancer orchiopexy on the undescended testis improves fertility

orchiopexy on the undescended testis decreases the risk of malignancy

A scrotal hernia occurs when bowel protrudes through the inguinal canal into the scrotal sac. The presence of which of the following confirms the diagnosis?

peristalsis

The location of the epididymis is most accurately describes as: anterior to the testis posterior to the testis posterior and medial to the testis posterior, superior, and lateral to the testis anterior and medial to the testis

posterior, superior, and lateral to the testis

The epididymis connects to the testis by which of the following structures? medium raphe vas deferens rete testis spermatic cord tunical vaginalis

rete testis

In a patient with cryptorchidism, which of the following is MOST likely to occur? seminoma torsion epididymitis hydrocele spermatocele

seminoma

The most common testicular tumor is:

seminoma

The contents of each hemiscrotum visualized by ultrasound are: testis, an epididymis, blood vessels, spermatic cord, and:

small amount of fluid

On ultrasound image, seminoma of the testicle may appear as a: solid, homogeneous mass large multilocular cystic mass small, complex cyst diffuse enlargement of the testicle small simple mass

solid, homogeneous mass

Sudden onset of severe scrotal pain in an adolescent patient is most suspicious for:

testicular torsion

A 15-year-old boy presents with sudden intense right scrotal pain, nausea, and vomiting. A sonogram is performed, and an enlarged hypoechoic right testicle with decreased arterial flow is documented, scrotal wall is thickened. The left scrotum is normal. This is most consistent with:

torsion

A fibrous sheath enclosing the testis describes which of the following structures?

tunica albuginea

Hydrocele is defined as an abnormal fluid collection between the:

two layers of tunica vaginalis

A man with a history of infertility presents with scrotal enlargement and pain. On ultrasound, dilated veins were seen superior to the testis and lateral posterior to the testis. Valsalva maneuver caused increased blood flow in the dilated veins. The most likely diagnosis is: epididymitis varicoceles large hydrocele orchitis testicular torsion

varicoceles

Which of the following is a common cause of infertility in men?

varicoceles

Which of the following structures transport sperm from the testes to the prostatic urethra?

vas deferens