Substance-Related and Addictive Disorders Ch. 12

stimulants

amphetamines, methamphetamine, cocaine

substance use disorder

-cluster of cognitive, behavioral, and physiological symptoms indicating that the individual continues using a substance even though it causes significant problems in his or her life. -four categories of symptoms: impaired control, social impairment, risky use pharmacological changes.

substance abuse

Maladaptive pattern of substance use occurring within a 12 month period that leads to significant impairment or distress evidenced by: Failure to meet obligations Repeated use of substances in physically hazardous situations Legal problems Interpersonal problems

substance dependence

Maladaptive pattern of use manifested by cognitive, behavioral, and physiological sx's during a 12 month period and caused by continued use of substances.

long term effects of alcohol

Permanent brain damage Dementia Wernicke's disease Korsakoff's synodrome Harmful changes in the liver, gastrointestinal system, bone density, muscles, and immune system

Alcohol is a

depressant

Most drugs of abuse directly or indirectly target the reward center of the brain by flooding its circuits with

dopamine

potentiation

increase in effect (of med, etc) on the body

Overstimulation of the reward system produces the euphoric effects that abusers seek and leads them to repeat the behavior in order to

repeat the experience