sunscreen and wound care

how much UVR penetrates clouds how much UVR reflected by snow? water reflects...

70-90% snow=85-100 reflected water reflects 5%

Sunscreen active ingredient: An active ingredient absorbs at least __% of the radiation in ______ nm UV range but may or may not allow transmission of radiation to the skin at wavelengths that are longer

85% of the radiation in 290 - 320 nm UV range.

age limit for sunscreen

<6 mo dont use, just cover them up

suntan products (self tan) 2 and how they work

non pigmentating agents are oils and concentrate UVR onto the skin-no protection pigmenting= DHA, colors skin reddish brown (more in elbows/knees-dry areas) does not provide UVR protection, inhaling it is toxic

Ultraviolet radiation (UVR) effects are ______ and can produce serious long term problems such as 2

cumulative premature skin aging an skin cancer

types of eyes with increased risks from UVR

blue green grey

describe dry clothes vs wet clothes and UVR what type of UVR penetrates window glass

dry reflects almost all, wet reflects 50% UVA penetrates glass

wounds: name 5 exclusions to selfwound care

see fat/bone/muscle (and deep punct wouds) contain foreign material after cleansing cant move structures below new wounds in bleeding disorders of DM chronic/infected wounds

wounds: if bleeding heavily with something stuck in you do you remove object or stop bleeding first

stop bleeding first priority apply pressure around whatever is stuck in you

wounds: Cyanoacrylate polymers is a type of _____ bandage, give three pearls what to do if wound reopens

liquid bandage 3= avoid conomitant ointment, if covered with bandage change bandage daily, protect for sun and tanning booths if reopens and minor can reapply if it wont hold then remove it dont use over stitches ever

wounds: primary dressings gauze and non-adherent gauze tape -purpose dont use secondary, those are for surgical pts what goes against the skin primary or secondary

lite absorbancy protects it from other things getting in aesthetic primary goes on the skin

gives ranges of SPF for minimal sunburn protection moderate sunburn protection high sunburn protection

min 2-<12 mod 12-<30 high protections 30+

MED is defined as the ..... SPF (sun protection factor) is derived by....

minimum UVR dose that produces clearly marginated erythema in the irradiated site, given a single exposure. ...dividing the MED of protected skin by the MED of unprotected skin.

wounds: desc wound cleansing

tap water is good enough, if using IPA or soap only use it around the wound not on, only needs cleansing once

sunscreen: Products cannot be labeled _____2_____ because such claims are false. They will be allowed to claim how long the product is water resistant.

waterproof or sweat proof

wounds: animal bites, when to refer

wild animal/shots not up to date (animals shots or your tetanus) bite breaks skin esp on neck/head, near joint, hand foot call HC provider clinic always after acute wound is cleaned/dressed

wounds: allergy issues in tape worst to best 4 kinds

worst = waterproof then plastic best = paper tape and cloth tape

sunscreen: Sunscreens must protect equally against two kinds of the sun's radiation (UVB and UVA) to be labeled as offering....

....broad spectrum protection.

wounds: Usually OK to self‐treat if wounds do not extend... healthy peoples wounds usually heal in about

...extend below the dermis one month

wounds: Stitches care: usually wash in _____ why elevate? Abx ointment and how

1-3 days and dry well after elevate decreases swelling and pain and speeds up healing abx: usually cover stitches, reduces thickness of scab, reduces scarring

UVR: skin type 1 vs 6

1-burns easily doesnt tan 6=never burns deeply pigmented

wounds: give steps for animal bite wound care

1. wash with soap and water 2. apply pressure if bleeding 3. abx ointment (after bleeding stpos) 4. cover with bandage/gauze 5. systemic analgesics if needed 6.

dosing and admin guidelines sunscreen

1/2 tsp face and neck, arms and shoulders each side, front and back each 1 tsp legs and top of feet each side

sunscreen: T/F sunscreens labled as sunblock contain TiO2

F, sunscreens cannot be labled as sunblock because thats not true

unproven suntan agents (stuff used to make people tan more) 3 give a problem ass with one of them

Oral Pigmenting Agents:dyes canthaxanthin and beta-carotene -problem=turns shit red, masks bleeds Tan Accelerators-contain tyrosine which is prev in melanin Melanotropins and Melanin Products= melanin stim hormone alpha melanotropin

describe broad spectrum in sunscreen

Protects from UVA the same amount as UVB (spf 30 =96.7% UVB and 96.7 UVA) -uva measured through melanin formation to char ability to blocks UVA radiation

wounds: desc stopping bleeding with pressure

RULE of 15 can take 15 min to stop bleeding, pressure for 15 min and elevate, check after 15 min, if bleeding slowed, but not stopped then another 15, if at 45 and still bleeding freely refer if blood soaks through whatever is used to put pressure, put another thing on top

What type of UVR does SPF describe and give difference in chemical quantity from spf 30 vs 40

SPF only talks about UVB NOT UVA 30 blocks 96.7% UVB and 40 blocks 97.5% UVB, but 40 req 25% more active ingredients than 30-so set max at spf 30

sunscreens, define terms Substantivity: Water Resistant: Very Water Resistant:

Substantivity: The ability to remain effective during prolonged exercising, sweating, and swimming Water Resistant: Product retains its SPF for at least 40 minutes. Very Water Resistant: Product retains its sun protection for at least 80 minutes.

Visible, UVA (___ wavelength UV) and UVB (_____wavelength UV) will cause both drug and non-drug photosensitivity but_____ is most problematic.

UVA (long wavelength UV) and UVB (medium wavelength UV) UVB

tanning booths hav what percent of UV__ desc skin cancer risk

UVA 96% UVB 4% can generate tan w/o burn significantly increased risk of both basal and squamous cell skin cancer. The risk is higher with use in early life (<25 years). also causes cataracts

Aminobenzoic acids (PABA): It can effectively block ____ radiation and has significant_____ on sweating skin advantage of aminobenzoic acid derivatives over aminobenzoic acid is they do not....

UVB substantivity ....stain clothing.

sunscreen: Benzophenones: These agents are primarily ______absorbers but also extends into the ____region.

UVB UVA

The FDA has recently approved a new OTC for prevention of sunburn and for protection against _____ rays. It has a SPF of ___ and is called ______. It contains ___3___

UVB and UVA rays SPF of 15 Anthelios SX ecamsule, avobenzone and octocrylene.

give wave lengths of UVC UVB and UVA and what each can do to the skin

UVC 200-290 nm germicidal, most abs in atmosphere or stratum corneum (dead skin layer) UVB: 290-320= sunburn, vit D syn, skin cancer, aging UVA: 320-400 nm=aging, herpes photosensitive tanning booths

name two physical sunscreens and what mfgs did to make one of them more pleasant problems with agents 2

ZNO and TiO2 TiO2 now more transparent, colored you white before stain clothing and cause a prickly heat sensation

wounds: Purpose of antiseptics/antibiotics? when to apply and how to apply max amount of time to use

prevent infections w/in 4 hours apply mostly around the wound or onto bandade BID she is a huge advocate of this use about 5 days in a row or until wound closes-dont want to make resistance

wounds: acute four types chronic wounds are anything other than acute wounds like ulcers from diabetes

punctures, abrasions (rubbing or friction), lacerations (cut in skin) burns

Sunscreen opaque block: An opaque sunscreen active ingredient..... .

reflects or scatters all light in the UV and visible range from 290 to 777 nm

sunscreen: Only products with an SPF of 15 or higher can claim to reduce 2

the risk of skin cancer and early sun aging.