superficial structures
inflammation and infection of the skin and subcutaneous tissue is termed:
cellulitis
the location of the rectus abdomens muscles is described as lateral to the
linea alba
which of the following would best described as a benign tumor comprised of fat?
lipoma
a patient has been referred for an ultrasound study to rule out the presence of a rectus sheath hematoma . where will you look?
mid abdominal wall
echogenicity of glandular breast tissue when compared to a fatty breast lobule is best described as:
moderately hyper echoic
all of the following are keys to identifying foreign bodies with sonography except:
most foreign bodies appear hypo echoic
the deep layer of the superficial fascia is located within the:
retromammary space
which of the following is suggestive of malignancy of a solid mass seen on ultrasound?
a mass that is taller than wider, speculated, angular margins, markedly hypo echoic solid lesion
a standoff pad is most useful in imaging:
superficial structures
muscle attaches to bone by which of the following structures?
tendon
what test can be performed determine a torn achilles?
thompson test
all of the following are true ganglion cyst except:
a ganglion cyst is a common mass found along the anterior aspect of the hand and wrist, between the carpals
sonographically , normal muscle appears as:
hypo echoic tissue that contains linear, echogenic strands
a complete tear of the achilles tendon is most commonly located:
in the distal portion of the tendon near the calcaneus
all of the following correctly describes the venous system of the breast parenchyma except:
lymph vessels generally course parallel with the cooper ligaments
what is the sonographic appearance of a normal peripheral nerve?
markedly hyper echoic structure with parallel internal linear echoes
an afebrile elderly patient hospitalized with pneumonia presents with a palpable abdominal wall mass. a mass is identified adjacent to the urinary bladder. this finding is most suspicious for a:
rectus sheath hematoma
acoustic shadowing caused by bending of a sound beam at the edge of a curved reflector is referred to as:
refractive shadowing
you have been asked to perform an ultrasound exam of the Achilles tendon. which transducer would provide the most optimal image of this structure?
12 mhz linear array
the hyper echoic linear structure identified by the arrow is most consistent with:
a cooper ligament
which of the following would be best described as a benign tumor comprised of blood?
hemangioma
you have been asked to determine if a mass seen on a mammmography in the left breast is solid or cystic. what are the characteristics of a breast cyst by ultrasound?
smooth walls, sharp anterior and posterior borders, no internal echoes, posterior enhancement
to better evaluate the achilles tendon, the patient should be placed in what position?
prone
a patient complains of pain in the forearm following a king trip. a soft tissue image over the area of discomfort demonstrates a hyper echoic linear structure outlines by the calibers. this is most suspicious for a:
foreign body
abnormal enlargement of the male breast parenchyma is most likely a clinical finding in which of the following pathologies?
gynecomastia
a teenager arrives to the emergency department following a skiing injury. a nonvascular hypoechioc mass is identified in the posterior popliteal fossa. this mass most likely represents a:
hematoma
a defect in the muscles of the abdominal wall is most likely related to a:
hernia
a patient presents to the ultrasound department with a palpable umbilical mass. the finding in this sonogram is most consistent for a:
hernia
which of the following transducers would best be suited to monographically assess for a splinter in a patients hand?
high frequency linear array transducer
a patient has been referred for ultrasound evaluation of tendinitis in the wrist. what is the ultrasound appearance of a tendon?
tendons are highly echogenic with fibrillar echotexture
measurement of the achilles tendon should be made in the:
transverse plane
sonographic findings associated with invasive ductal carcinoma may include all of the following except:
width of mass is larger than height
possible etiologies of a rectus sheath hematoma may include all of the following conditions except:
abdominal wall defect
which of the following is not a sonographic sign of tendinitis?
absence of vascularity on color doppler imaging
a cystic mass located within the popliteal fossa is most likely a:
bakers cyst
clinical findings of a bakers cyst may mimic those of a:
deep venous thrombosis
hyperemic flow within or around a structure is often indicative of:
inflammation
a common malignancy of the breast demonstrating posterior acoustic shadowing describes which of the following neoplasms?
invasive ductal carcinoma
a patients is referred for an ultrasound to evaluate a mass identified on a recent mammogram. a radial image of the right breast demonstrates an abnormality most suspicious for:
invasive ductal carcinoma
clinical findings of tendonitis include all of the following except:
itching in the area of the tendon
the fascia interface of the anterior abdominal wall is located directly anterior to the:
peritoneum
you have been requested to perform an ultrasound exam to rule out the presence of a bakers cyst. where will you look?
popliteal fossa
which of the following most accurately describes the location of the transversus abdomens muscle?
posterior to the internal oblique muscle
which of the following muscles extends the entire length of the anterior abdominal wall?
rectus abdominus
the breast parenchyma is composed of approximately:
15 to 20 lobes
the diameter of a normal lactiferous duct should not exceed:
3.0 mm
you have obtained several images of a breast mass in a radial plane and have determined that the mass is solid you measured the long axis of the mass. what else should you do?
obtain images in a projection 90 degrees to the original scan plane
you have been asked to perform an ultrasound exam own a patient with recent muscular trauma. which of the following is true regarding the normal sonographic findings in a muscle?
on sagittal scans, oblique, parallel, echogenic fibers are seen against a hypo echoic background
a patient has been referred for sonographic evaluation of a right lateral breast mass seen on mammography. what is the correct patient positioning to evaluate this mass?
patient in left posterior oblique position with right arm abducted
which of the following is not an accepted indication for breast ultrasound?
screening for malignancy in the general population
in the breast, the lymph vessels generally course parallel with the:
venous system
thickness of a normal achilles tendon should not exceed:
7mm
you have been asked to determine if a mammographically detected breast mass is cystic or solid . what is the established accuracy of ultrasound for distinguishing a simple cyst from solid lesion?
96-100%
the accumulation of synovial fluid from a weakening in the joint capsule of the knee, as seen in conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis can result in a:
bakers cyst
you have been requested to perform an ultrasound exam to rule out the presence of a popliteal aneurysm. where will you look?
behind the knee
which of the following benign breast neoplasms may undergo malignant transformation?
cystosarcoma phyllodes
a common mass found along the dorsal aspect of the hand and wrist is the:
ganglion cyst
you have detected a cyst in a patient referred for sonographic evaluation of a wrist nodule. which of the following is a cyst that occurs adjacent to a joint?
ganglion cyst
a patients with an aching over the right achilles tendon. a sagittal image of the tendon reveals which of the following findings?
normal tendon
you detect a hypo echoic region within an otherwise normal appearing tendon. what causes false hypoechogenicity within a tendon?
oblique incidence of the beam to the tendon axis
a complicated bakers cyst may contain a thin flap of tissue referred to as:
pannus
the most common congenital breast anomaly is?
polythelia
which of the following joints has the largest range of motion?
shoulder
a 45 year old female presents with a firm, non tender, palpable breast mass. the finding in this sonogram is most consistent with a:
simple cyst
the most common benign breast lesion in women between the ages of 35 and 50 is a:
simple cyst
what is the appearance of a normal lymph node in the breast?
small ovoid structure with hypo echoic rim and echogenic hilum
the echogenicity of a fatty breast lobule is most commonly described as a?
smooth, moderately hypoechoic mass
an elderly patient presents with a history of acute ankle swelling. a sonogram is ordered to rule out deep vein thrombosis. a nonvascular anechoic structure is identified in the popliteal fossa. based on these sonographic findings the anechoic structure id most suspicious for a:
synovial cyst
which of the following best describes the thompson test?
the patient lies prone while the symptomatic calf is squeezed
which of the following is true concerning patients with a lipoma?
they feel no pain in the area of the mass
fluid within the synovial sheath is indicative of:
tendosynovitis
inflammation of the tendon and synovial sheath is referred to as:
tendosynovitis
breast pathology most commonly originates in which of the following structures?
terminal ductal lobular unit
which of the following best describes a negative thompson test?
the calf is squeezed and the foot should plantar flex in a patient who does not have a complete tear of the achilles tendon
all of the following will aid in the sonographic assessment of an achilles tendon except:
the patient is scanned in the erect position, with a small amount of pressure placed on the symptomatic side
a mass is identified in the upper outer quadrant of the right breast, near the axilla and chest wall. this mass should be annotated as:
10:00 3c
when imaging the breast parenchyma, the thickness of the standoff pad should not exceed:
1.0 cm
which transducer will provide the most optimal imaging for ultrasound of the breast?
10. mhz linear array
a patient has been referred for an ultrasound study of the parotid gland. where is this gland located?
between the external auditory canal and the inferior edge of the mandible
clinical symptoms associated with mastitis may include all of the following except:
bloody nipple discharge
bullets, shrapnel , and other metallic objects may cause:
comet-tail artifact
which of the following structures is considered the "skeletal" framework in the breast?
cooper ligaments
which of the following structures provides support to the breast parenchyma?
cooper ligaments
a toddler with a recent upper respiratory infection presents with a history of limping. asymmetric hip joints are identified on ultrasound. on the basis of the clinical history, the sonographic finding is most suspicious for which of the following conditions?
septic hip
a patient has been referred for sonographic evaluation of the rotator cuff. what part of the body should you image?
shoulder
the achilles tendon connects the:
heel to the calf muscle
the thompson test is used to check the integrity of the:
achilles tendon
which of the following is the smallest functional unit in the breast parenchyma?
acini
which of the following at the site of a foreign body may produce bright echoes and therefore cause some ambiguity about the correct orientation of the object?
air
complete absence of one or both breasts is termed?
amastia
superficial lipomas may appear as all of the following except:
anechoic to the surrounding tissue
which of the following artifacts is likely to occur when the ultrasound beam is not perpendicular with a fibrillar tendon?
anisotropy
the valsalva maneuver is a common technique used when evaluating the:
anterior abdominal wall
the sinus of a lactiferous duct is located near the:
areola
a patient has been referred for ultrasound evaluation to rule out the presence of a carotid body tumor. where is this tumor located?
at the level of the carotid bifurcation between the internal and external carotid arteries
tendons sonographically appear as:
echogenic, fibrous structures connecting muscles to bone
a 25 year old female presents with a firm , non tender, palpable breast mass. an antiradial image of the right breast demonstrates a hypo echoic mass. on the basis of the clinical history, the sonographic finding is most suspicious for a :
fibroadenoma
estrogen levels most frequently influence which of the following breast lesions?
fibroadenoma
painful breasts 1 week prior to the onset of menstruation is a common symptom in which of the following conditions?
fibrocystic disease
a partial tear of a tendon typically appears as:
focal hypo echoic areas within the tendon
a retroareolar mass developing shortly after childbirth is most suspicious for a?
galactocele
what comprises the terminal duct lobular unit in the breast?
lobule with its terminal branches, short intralobular, and longer extralobular duct