Supreme Court

Which Supreme Court case held that state courts are required by the Fourteenth Amendment to provide counsel to defendants in criminal cases, extending this Sixth Amendment federal requirement to the states? A Weeks v. United States B Gideon v. Wainwright C Miranda v. Arizona D

Gideon v. Wainwright

Which Supreme Court case struck down state funding for religious schools? A Engel v. Vitale B Kitzmiller v. Dover Area School District C Lemon v. Kurtzman D Tinker v. Des Moines Independent School District

Lemon v. Kurtzman in 1968 Related to reimbursements for teachers

Which Supreme Court case struck down state funding for religious schools? A Engel v. Vitale B Kitzmiller v. Dover Area School District Lemon v. Kurtzman Tinker v. Des Moines Independent School District

The 1968 Lemon v. Kurtzman ruling regarded the uncertain constitutionality of Pennsylvania's Nonpublic Elementary and Secondary Education Act, which allowed the Superintendent of Public Schools to reimburse private schools for the salaries of teachers in these schools (most of which were Catholic schools). In an 8-1 ruling, the Supreme Court found this Act to be an unconstitutional violation of the Establishment Clause of the First Amendment.

Which Supreme Court case held that the President cannot use executive privilege to withhold evidence that is relevant in a criminal trial? Bush v. Gore B Rasul v. Bush C Clinton v. Jones United States v. Nixon

United States v. Nixon was a 1974 decision that resulted in an 8-0 ruling against President Richard Nixon. Nixon was attempting to use executive privilege to withhold evidence during the Watergate scandal. The Court held that no person is above the law and that executive privilege cannot be used to withhold evidence that is demonstrably relevant in a criminal trial.

Which Supreme Court case upheld the constitutionality of Executive Order 9066, which ordered Japanese Americans into internment camps during World War II? A Korematsu v. United States B Dred Scott v. Sandford C Schenck v. United States D Cohen v. California

A

Which Supreme Court case held that a narrowly tailored use of race in student admission decisions is permissible in order to obtain the educational benefits that flow from a diverse student body? A Loving v. Virginia B Grutter v. Bollinger C Plessy v. Ferguson D

B

Which Supreme Court case held that the right to marry is guaranteed to same-sex couples? A Loving v. Virginia B Obergefell v. Hodges C Lawrence v. Texas D Romer v. Evans

B

Which Supreme Court case upheld the individual health insurance mandate included in the Affordable Care Act? A Zubik v. Burwell B National Federation of Independent Business v. Sebelius C Citizens United v. Federal Election Commission D McDonnell v. United States

B

Which Supreme Court case held that state laws establishing separate public schools for black and white students were unconstitutional? A Tinker v. Des Moines Independent School District B Dred Scott v. Sandford C Brown v. Board of Education D Plessy v. Ferguson

Brown v. Board Brown v. Board of Education was a unanimous ruling issued in 1954. It overturned Plessy v. Ferguson, which had upheld state segregation laws for public facilities under the "separate but equal" doctrine.

Which Supreme Court case held that state laws establishing separate public schools for black and white students were unconstitutional? A Tinker v. Des Moines Independent School District B Dred Scott v. Sandford Brown v. Board of Education D Plessy v. Ferguson

Brown v. Board of Education was a unanimous ruling issued in 1954. It overturned Plessy v. Ferguson, which had upheld state segregation laws for public facilities under the "separate but equal" doctrine. The Brown v. Board decision concluded that "separate educational facilities are inherently unequal," and the Court held that segregation of students in public schools violates the Equal Protection Clause of the 14th Amendment.

Which Supreme Court case reaffirmed that obscene material is not protected by the First Amendment, and also redefined the Constitutional test for determining what constitutes obscene material? A Hustler Magazine v. Falwell B Reynolds v. United States C Roth v. United States D Chaplinsky v. New Hampshire

C

Which Supreme Court case held that the President cannot use executive privilege to withhold evidence that is relevant in a criminal trial? A Bush v. Gore B Rasul v. Bush C Clinton v. Jones D

D

Which Supreme Court case held that state courts are required by the Fourteenth Amendment to provide counsel to defendants in criminal cases, extending this Sixth Amendment federal requirement to the states? A Weeks v. United States Gideon v. Wainwright C Miranda v. Arizona D Reid v. Covert

Gideon v. Wainwright was a unanimous ruling issued in 1963. The Court held that the assistance of counsel is: a fundamental right under the Constitution, binding on the states, and essential for a fair trial and due process of law.

Which Supreme Court case held that the right to marry is guaranteed to same-sex couples? A Loving v. Virginia Obergefell v. Hodges Lawrence v. Texas D Romer v. Evans

Obergefell v. Hodges was decided in 2015 by a 5-4 ruling. The Court held that the Due Process Clause and the Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment require states to license marriages between two people of the same sex, and to recognize same-sex marriages that were licensed in other states.

Question 4 Which Supreme Court case held that the First Amendment right to free speech doesn't protect speech that presents a "clear and present danger?" A Miller v. California B Schenck v. United States C Roth v. United States D

Schenck v. United States was a case concerning the enforcement of the Espionage Act of 1917 during World War I. Schenck was distributing leaflets that urged men to boycott the draft. The Court held that criticism of the draft was not protected by the First Amendment, because it created a "clear and present danger" to the U.S. armed forces during a state of war. This case helped to define the modern understanding of the First Amendment, and the opinion included the well know statement that, "The most stringent protection of free speech would not protect a man in falsely shouting fire in a theatre and causing a panic."