Sustainable development on the environment

P2 Weak sustainability The heart of it Williams et al, 2004

At the heart of this view is optimism, rendering the human race as capable of finding any solution, technical or otherwise to environmental problems that arise. Due to the optimistic beliefs in the aptitude of human race, there is an acceptance in the trajectory of economic development and people's demands do not need to change (Williams et al, 2004).

P2 Strong Sustainability What is it

Conversely, the opposing view of strong sustainability suggests that nature has biotic rights. Nature has the right to remain unmolested by humans.

P1 sustainable development is a confusing term Brundtlend report and needs (Beckerman, 1994)

For example, the Brundtland report defining sustainable development as meeting people's 'needs' is already useless. 'Needs' is a subjective term. Worldwide people have different requirements, due to income level, cultural or national backgrounds and thus have differing respects to what they regard as needs. Not only this there is no indication of what the future generations will need (Beckerman, 1994).

p4 Dimensions (Powlowski, 2008)

Furthermore, the economic development that takes place in these countries is also limited, the richer countries pay very little for the labour they require, so not only do they not suffer economically they prosper environmentally as it is not their ecological dimension they are damaging (Powlowski, 2008).

P4 Deception Facts Frazier 1997

In order to reach these goals, governments may implement policy that lays the foundation for deception. While on the surface, it can be seen that there are accelerations in economic growth, the number of those acutely poor and malnourished continue to grow. More than a quarter of the world's people are experiencing increasing privation and the world is experiencing increased polarisation between the rich and poor countries (Frazier, 1997).

P1 sustainable development is a confusing term change of measurement

In the past the focus on development was strictly economical and ignored the social element of what needs encompassed. Therefore, different indicators have moved away from the stoic GDP towards other measures such as the happiness index and human development index. The growing number of measures, just like number of definitions continuously makes sustainable development more confusing and thus hard to tackle and measure, therefore different attitudes towards it have emerged.

P4 Deception Rich Vs Poor

Richer countries may outsource their production into LEDCs with the facade of stimulating their economy and lowering their unemployment rate. However, undercover of these strides in economic and social development, is the perpetual destruction of global rainforests in these LEDCs in order to meet the demand of the richer countries.

P2 Strong Sustainability theorists

Stronger sustainability theorists have the view of the Earth and its resources as finite and they concede there is no habitable future possible unless the demand-side of the equation radically alters by rethinking our attitude towards nature as well as our view of economic progress and 'development

Intro - Sustainable development from where and define

Sustainable development was a term that emerged with the publication of the Brundtland Report in the mid 1980's, which defined sustainable development as 'development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs'.

Intro - Sustainable Development What is the Brundtland Report Redclift 2005

The Brundtland Report opened the way for non-governmental organizations (NGOs) to be considered a serious element in environment and development issues, a process that culminated with the first Earth Summit in Rio de Janeiro in 1992

P3 Dimensions Economic on social

These threats to water and air also implicate social factors. The social environment in which humans live out their lives implicate the natural environment every day, hence why WHO's healthy cities concept incorporates a clean environment not just as an ecological issue but a social one too. However, the threat posed by the economic sector not only slows the development and protection of the ecological dimension but also the social.

Intro - sustainable development why did it come up

This concept arose as a contrast with traditional economic development and growth, attempting to formulate a programme that integrates different spheres of human activity (Powlowski, 2008). It is founded upon humankind's responsibility to nature as well as the continual growth of the present-day societies and their future generations.

P3 Dimensions why is this confusing Powlowski 2008

This confusion is only abetted by the number of dimensions that are included when referring to sustainable development. Sustainable development according to Powlowski (2008) encompasses development that is beneficial to the social economic and ecological dimensions that exist. However it can be argued that thus attitude is utopian and unrealistic.

p4 Dimensions on the surface

This façade is kept up, by the promotion of the slogan 'sustainably used/ grown/ manufactured'. This is a deception hiding business as usual, characterized by uncontrolled, quick-return, profit-oriented exploitation (Frazier, 1997). For example, automation of production processes lowers companies' costs however boosts unemployment

P2 weak sustainability what is it

Weak sustainability suggests that nature is seen as resource over which humans have dominion, so there is no need to transform the narrative on nature and the discourse on what is economic development. Weaker sustainable development therefore adopts an anthropocentric relationship between man and nature, where the soul value of nature is to serve as raw material to be manipulated for the purposes of people.

P3 Dimensions Economic on Ecological Powlowski 2008

air pollutants deriving from chimney of different industrial plants are transferred across large distances representing a problem for areas that don't support heavy industry and are under protection therefore in parks, and aquatic habitats a threat to water occurs

P2 Strong Sustainability anthropocentrism is replaced by biocentrism

anthropocentrism is replaced by biocentric egalitarianism, by which is meant inter-species equity that recognizes non-human or biotic rights. These two opposing views renders finding a way to deal with sustainable development that benefits both humans and the environment is difficult and confusing.

P3 Dimensions Implications of ecological on economic Powlowski 2008

there is biocentric rights attributed to the environment, that have been executed in the form of UNESCO protected world sites. However, by protecting these environments, there is a limitation is put on increasing space to produce more high-quality product or ideas in order to stimulate more money

P4 Dimensions Stockholm

they introduced hybrid busses, which affected the environment less, but lost a lot of employees, implicating the ecological and the social into contention. While on the surface this mode of transportation seemed to benefit the environment, the business owners, and the public due to safer cleaner special environment and a quick efficient service, those locals that counted on those jobs were at a loss, in order to benefit other dimensions

Intro - sustainable development why is it contested

this term has been found to be highly discursive with many different definitions being cited over a wealth of literature. Not only this, but attitudes and motives to sustainable development differ globally, along with a lack of focus that would allow sustainable development in all spheres within a community. Due to this lack of direction and definition, this essay will aim to uncover why sustainable development has been so greatly contested.

P1 sustainable development is a confusing term many definitions

this term is extremely discursive and is given many definitions by a plethora of different literature. Fowke and Prasad (1996) have identified at least 80 different, often competing and sometimes contradictory definitions. The library of meanings applied to the phrase means that It can be unclear as what is meant by it.