SWK-357 Exam 2

Corporate Capitalism

A capitalist marketplace characterized by the dominance of hierarchical, bureaucratic corporations.

Pluralist Model

A model that functionalist support by arguing that there are many competing interest groups, making the political process necessarily one of negotiation and compromise.

Globalization

A process of interaction and integration among the people, companies, and governments of different nations, a process driven by international trade and investment and aided by information technology.

Voter Suppression

A strategy to influence the outcome of an election by discouraging or preventing people from exercising the right to vote.

Corporation

An organization with a legal existence including rights and liabilities, separate from that of its members.

Capitalism

Characteristics: private ownership, unfettered market competition, and the pursuit of profit. The American economic system.

Socialism

Characteristics: public ownership, central planning, and collective goals. There is more sharing between the private and public sectors than there is in communism.

Outsourcing

Contracting to have tasks normally done within the company performed under a contract with another company.

Conglomerates

Giant Corporations that result from mergers and takeovers of smaller organizations.

Secondary Labor Market

Jobs that require few skills, provide minimum benefits, involve dirty and/or dangerous conditions, and may offer only part time or seasonal employment.

Political Action Committee (PAC)

Organizations that solicit and distribute political contributions as their primary purpose.

Primary Labor Market

Provides jobs that carry with them many benefits, including career advancement opportunities.

Magnet Schools

Public schools that have a special emphasis. Example: Schools that focus on the performing arts.

Charter Schools

Publicly funded schools, but they operate like private schools and are independent of the school district.

Factors include ◦ (1) redistricting, ◦ (2) a lack of incentives for compromise, ◦ (3) messaging (imaginary barriers), ◦ (4) an angry electorate unhappy about changing American demographic and values. (discomfort with the growing ethnic and racial diversity that will define the nature of the nation).

Reasons for the current increase in Political Divisiveness? (4)

Voucher Plans (school choice)

State-funded scholarships that pay for students to attend private school rather than public school. Typically target subgroups of students (e.g., low income, w/ disabilities, in foster care).

Offshoring

Term used when the jobs are still controlled by the company itself but are moved overseas.

Political Divisiveness

The inability for parties to work together to develop the common good within a society. There is no real compromise with this.

Power Elite Model Conflict

Theorist support this. Says that the concentration of wealth and power in a few hands is so great that the people at the top face little opposition.

-False. 43.8% percent of those who live in poverty would still be in poverty if they doubled their income. This kind of poverty is called deep poverty. In 2013, 19.9 million people with families in the U.S. lived in deep poverty.

True of False? About 10% of those who live in poverty would not escape poverty if they doubled their income.

- False. The federal "poverty threshold" in 2010 for a family of four with two children 17 or younger is $23,624. However, basic needs researchers estimate that it takes an income of about 1.5 to 3.5 times the official poverty level, depending on locality, to cover the cost of a family's minimum day-to-day needs.

True of False? According to the U.S. government, a family of four—two adults and two children—is living in poverty if it earns less than $35,000 annually.

- True. The number of working poor in America is steadily increasing. In 2011, 10.3 million workers were in poverty while in 2013, 10.7 million workers were in poverty, despite the 2013 decrease in the overall poverty rate.

True of False? Adults who have regular work, but remain poor - the "working poor" - are finding it more difficult to lift themselves out of poverty.

-True. 21.6% of people with annual incomes less than $25,000 were uninsured in 2013. About one in four (24.9%) people below the poverty line had no health insurance in 2013. The total number of uninsured persons is about 42 million Americans.

True of False? Almost one quarter of those with annual incomes of less than $25,000 had no health insurance in 2010.

-True. Children under 6 years old are particularly vulnerable to poverty. Children under 6 living in families with a single female head of household live in poverty at the rate of 55.0%. This is more than five times the rate of 10.2% of children living in poverty in married-couple families.

True of False? Children of single mothers are more likely to experience poverty than the children of married-couple families.

-True. The current population of Poverty USA is larger than the populations of Texas, New Mexico, Oklahoma, Kansas, Colorado, Arizona, Utah, Wyoming, Nevada and Nebraska... combined.

True of False? If every person in the United States that is living in poverty lived in the same state, it would be the most populous state in the nation - the state of Poverty, USA.

-True.

True of False? In a 36 month period, almost one out of every three Americans lives in poverty at least two months.

- True. In 2013, 25.2 million women lived in poverty while 20.1 million men lived in poverty. And the gender disparity is not decreasing. In 2012 and 2013, 2.7% more women than men lived in poverty.

True of False? In the United States, more women live in poverty than men.

- False. (highest percentage of its population**) Over 18.8 million non-Hispanic white Americans lived belowthe poverty line in 2013. In the same year, there were 12.7 million Hispanics (of any race) in poverty, 11.0 million African Americans, and 1.8 million Asian Americans in poverty. As a percentage of the population, however, 27.2 percent of African Americans lived below the poverty line in 2013—the largest percentage of any group, up from 25.8 percent in 2009. 23.5 percent of Hispanics, 10.5 percent of Asian Americans, and 9.6 percent of non-Hispanic white Americans are living in poverty.

True of False? Most people who are living in poverty are African American.

- True. In the year 2013, 14.7 million, or 1 out of 5, children lived in poverty. Children in America have higher poverty rates than in many industrialized nations. In 2013, children represented 32.3 percent of the people in poverty in the U.S., but only 23.5 percent of the population.

True of False? One of every five children in America lives in poverty.

True

True of False? Since its inception in 1946, the National School Lunch program has served over 200 billion lunches to school children in need.

-False. A single parent with one child working at this minimum wage full-time every week of the year ($7.25 x 40 hours x 52 weeks) would earn $15,080 before any deductions or taxes—only $977 above the poverty threshold of $16,057.

True of False? The federal minimum wage is $5.85 per hour

- False. In 2013, 45.3 million people were in poverty, up from 43.6 million in 2009. Since 2007, the poverty rate has increased by 2.0 percentage points, from 12.5 percent to 14.5 percent.

True of False? The number of people living in poverty in the United States decreased from 2009 to 2013.

-False. Though the poverty rate for America's elderly (people over 65) rose from 9.1 percent in 2012 to 9.5 percent in 2013, the poverty rate for children under 18 is still higher, at 19.9 percent for 2013. The next highest poverty rate is for young adults aged 18- 24, at 19.4% in 2013.

True of False? The poverty rate among the elderly in the United States is higher than that of any other age group.

(1) Takes much-needed money away from already underfunded public schools. (2) Private school aren't as regulated as public schools in terms of discriminatory practices. (3) Violates the principle of separation of the church and state by providing tax-based funding to religious schools. (4) Distracts from the real issue of reform.

Voucher Plan CONS (4)

(1) Make public schools improve to compete for students. (2) Gives all citizens access to private education, regardless of SES or race/ethnicity.

Voucher Plan PROS (2)

- Produce government issued photo ID - Limitations on same day registration - Shortening the timeframe for early voting - Requirements for proof of citizenship

What are the new barriers to voter participation? (4)

11%

___% of voting age Americans don't have a government issued photo ID.

1/3

______ of women don't have identification that reflects their current name due to changing their names after marrying/divorcing.

Liberals

◦ Believe in government action to achieve equal opportunity and equality for all. ◦ It is the duty of the government to alleviate social ills and to protect civil liberties and individual and human rights. ◦ Believe the role of the government should be to guarantee that no one is in need. ◦ Policies generally emphasize the need for the government to solve problems.

Conservatives

◦ Believe in personal responsibility, limited government, free markets, individual liberty, traditional American values and a strong national defense. ◦ Believe the role of government should be to provide people the freedom necessary to pursue their own goals. ◦ Policies generally emphasize empowerment of the individual to solve problems.