SYG 2000 FINAL

What do schools, churches, and governments all have in common? They are all secular institutions. They are all run by governments. They are all less important today than in the past. They are all social institutions. None of them function at the macro level.

They are all social institutions.

Whereas the top causes of death in the United States are ____________ illness, people in the developing world are continually affected by the threat of ____________ illness. acute; curative preventive; chronic chronic; acute preventive; crisis crisis; acute

chronic; acute

What sorts of places are associated with an increase in social atomization? rural areas frontier counties suburbs edge cities cities

cities

What is the study of the social aspects of diseases called? pharmacology demography entomology epidemiology medicalization

epidemiology

People who see gender as immutable and deriving solely from biology are called: essentialists. social constructionists. queer theorists. structural functionalists. globalists.

essentialists

Dean is an upper-middle class American. He lives in an affluent area, holds a bachelor's degree, and has a great job. It is likely that his health status is: marginal. excellent. middling. poor. No research has been done that would help us comment on his health status.

excellent.

Until recently, South Korea had laws in place banning marriage between people who belonged to the same clan. This means that they practiced: polyandry. exogamy. endogamy. plural families. extended family marriage systems.

exogamy.

What is it called when a government seeks to control every aspect of life? anarchism totalitarianism communism socialism determinism

totalitarianism

How does the U.S. Census Bureau define "family"? people who are emotionally and/or materially interdependent people who share a household parents living with minor children two or more individuals related by blood, marriage, or adoption who share a household a social group bound to one another through legal, biological, or emotional ties

two or more individuals related by blood, marriage, or adoption who share a household

______________ come on suddenly and are often contagious. Crisis diseases Acute diseases Curative diseases Preventive diseases Chronic diseases

Acute diseases

How is an edge city different from a suburb? An edge city is primarily a bedroom community. An edge city has its own centers of employment and commerce. An edge city is smaller than a suburb. An edge city tends to be located far from major highway intersections. An edge city is part of the problem of urban sprawl.

An edge city has its own centers of employment and commerce.

For which of the following reasons could the supposed increase in voter turnout in the 2004 election really be just an artifact of the way that voter turnout is measured? The turnout rate was based on all residents of voting age. The turnout rate was measured by randomly sampling only a select few polling places. The turnout rate may have been exaggerated to make the winners look better. The turnout rate may have included many ballots that were cast illegally. For the first time, the turnout rate was based on eligible voters, as opposed to all residents of voting age.

For the first time, the turnout rate was based on eligible voters, as opposed to all residents of voting age.

In determining what percentage of the population was homosexual and what percentage was heterosexual, why would Alfred Kinsey have avoided asking the question, "Do you identify as gay or straight?" He needed to justify his research by having lots of questions. He believed that sexuality is a continuum and wanted to classify people more precisely. He believed that people would lie to him and needed to be tricked into revealing that they were gay. He didn't really believe in sexual orientation, but saw "homosexual" and "heterosexual" as socially constructed and constantly changing. He thought that there would be a large number of transgendered people in his sample.

He believed that sexuality is a continuum and wanted to classify people more precisely.

How has the Information Revolution changed the nature of work and the economy? It has increased pressures to urbanize. It has made it less likely that individuals will be able to work from home. It has shifted the economy toward the production of knowledge and services. It has made companies more likely to manufacture and sell goods within a single nation. It has increased the shallow integration of the global economy.

It has shifted the economy toward the production of knowledge and services.

Some women accept the burdens of the "second shift" in order to avoid conflict with their husbands or children. How does this affect them? It increases their confidence and self-esteem. It increases their efficiency. It makes them more understanding of others, especially at work. It makes them unhappy and emotionally numb. It improves their self-reported level of marital satisfaction.

It makes them unhappy and emotionally numb.

Why would a political campaign NOT qualify as a social movement? It isn't organized enough. Its participants do not want to change their society. It has no central leadership. It does not have an ideological commitment to promoting social change. It is not protesting anything.

Its participants do not want to change their society.

Why should leisure not be treated as a minor and unimportant topic? Leisure is the opposite of work. Leisure and recreation absorb a lot of time, energy, and resources. All facets of life should be considered equally important. The wealthy and powerful do different things with their leisure time than the poor do with theirs. Leisure and recreation increasingly involve technology and media.

Leisure and recreation absorb a lot of time, energy, and resources.

Why is free time (nonwork time) not necessarily leisure time? It doesn't count as leisure time unless money is being spent. Leisure activities can also earn money. Leisure time implies the ability to make choices. Leisure time often happens at work. Work can also be fun.

Leisure time implies the ability to make choices.

What do demographers call urban areas with at least 50,000 inhabitants? megacities global cities communes global density centers Metropolitan Statistical Areas (MSA)

Metropolitan Statistical Areas (MSA)

The theory that the capacity of microchips will double every 18 months is called: progress. Moore's Law. the Information Revolution. knowledge work. telecommuting.

Moore's Law.

In the premodern world, the line between work and play was not very clearly defined. Why was this the case? Religious beliefs prohibited this distinction. Too many people died young. People had fewer recreational options. Warfare occupied too much of people's time. People didn't have adequate technology for recreation.

People had fewer recreational options.

Why might a third-wave feminist be annoyed with members of the second wave for talking about how women needed access to jobs and careers, like those available to men, that would give their lives meaning? Second-wave feminists already had pretty good jobs, so they shouldn't have complained. Second-wave feminists hid the differences between women, so the concerns of women of color, lesbians, and lower-class women tended to be marginalized. Third-wave feminists would argue that being a wife and a mother, as long as it's freely chosen, is just as fulfilling as any career. Third-wave feminists think that higher education and capitalist jobs are part of the problem and need to be torn down. Second-wave feminists never managed to achieve real success in gaining access to higher education.

Second-wave feminists hid the differences between women, so the concerns of women of color, lesbians, and lower-class women tended to be marginalized.

Sociologists have criticized scientists who are searching for a "gay gene" for their narrow understanding of sexual orientation, because they do not take into account the way biology and the social environment interact to produce sexual behaviors. Which of the following theorists makes this point? Simon LeVay believes that "there's growing evidence to support the idea that biological and developmental factors before birth exert a strong influence on sexual orientation." Dean Hamer examined the DNA of forty gay brothers and found that thirty-three of them had a statistically significant similarity in the Xq28 region of the X chromosome. The historian Jeffrey Weeks points out that, while homosexual acts have been documented throughout history, homosexual identity as we know it today didn't exist before the twentieth century. Laura Allen and Richard Gorski, two scientists at UCLA, reported that a segment of the fibers connecting the brain's hemispheres is up to one-third larger in homosexual men. Karl Heinrich Ulrichs, a German lawyer and an early advocate for the decriminalization of sodomy argued that, "male-male love was the result of a female psyche and physiology in a male body."

The historian Jeffrey Weeks points out that, while homosexual acts have been documented throughout history, homosexual identity as we know it today didn't exist before the twentieth century.

Today, many men and women still insist that men shouldn't cry. At the same time, others insist that it's vital that men learn to share their feelings and express their emotions, which would include crying. What does this disagreement indicate? There is a crisis of masculinity. There are two fundamentally different kinds of men in our society. Homosexuality has become much more accepted in recent years. The women's movement has won significant victories. Patriarchy is being replaced with matriarchy.

There is a crisis of masculinity.

What do large numbers of people form when they come together? a social movement a collective behavior group a riot a fad a crowd

a crowd

According to the text, when someone listens to public radio but never contributes during pledge drives, that person would be considered by sociologists: a backslider. a parasite. a social tragedy. a community malcontent. a free rider.

a free rider.

What did C. Wright Mills mean by the term "power elite"? members of legislatures and courts who compete for power and influence members of the media who set the agenda for politics in the United States a small group of people who occupy key positions in political, economic, and military institutions individuals who have enough wealth to contribute to a political action committee a diverse group of individuals in a community who have influence over the voting behaviors of their friends and neighbors

a small group of people who occupy key positions in political, economic, and military institutions

What sort of rural areas are most likely to experience a "rural rebound"? areas that are especially far from large cities areas that are near urban areas areas with especially low housing costs areas with lots of ranching, as opposed to farming areas where the population per square mile is especially low

areas that are near urban areas

Which of the following is NOT one of the categories of urbanites identified by Herbert Gans in his ethnography Urban Villagers? bohemians cosmopolites singles ethnic villagers the deprived

bohemians

Given the history of the family, what sort of changes do you think would be most likely to make the extended family more relevant again? changes in America's travel and transportation services changes in the economy that make people less likely to move away from their hometowns to get a job changes in divorce laws that make it harder for couples to separate changes in American culture that lead us to spend less time at bars changes in religion that cause adults to reevaluate how they relate to their parents

changes in the economy that make people less likely to move away from their hometowns to get a job

Today, four companies sell more than 80 percent of the compact discs purchased in the United States, although this fact is not obvious because the four companies have purchased many smaller record labels over the years. What is this called? synergy new voices the media and democracy a monopoly concentration of media power

concentration of media power

What is it called when a government bars an individual, either temporarily or permanently, from voting? suffrage disenfranchisement pluralism voting conviction simulacrum

disenfranchisement

What do sociologists call the tendency to marry someone of a similar background? heterogamy in-group orientation romance medians endogamy exogamy

endogamy

In the United States today, very few people marry outside of their own socioeconomic class, suggesting that there is a high degree of: endogamy. exogamy. polyandry. miscegenation. polygamy.

endogamy.

The roles, traits, and behaviors that are associated with a particular gender are called: social learning. instrumental roles. a sexual continuum. feminism. gender identity.

gender identity.

The city of Mumbai, India, has fourteen million people, making it the second-largest city in the world, and Mumbai handles the majority of India's maritime commerce. These facts help to explain why Mumbai would be called a(n): Metropolitan Statistical area. global city. sustainable living area. agglomeration. agrarian area.

global city.

Given that the greater the division of labor in a society, the greater the degree of inequality, which type of economic system would you expect to be the most equal? industrial information postmodern hunting and gathering horticultural

hunting and gathering

A group established to influence government policy is called a(n): political campaign. legal social movement. interest group. social movement. mass action group.

interest group.

Sometimes the motivations for large protests organized by college activists are criticized. Protests in Washington, D.C., are seen as "spring break" for activists, who take part more for the pleasure of belonging to something than for anything else. What theory would support this critique? public goods theory postmodernism the global village theory mass society theory resource mobilization theory

mass society theory

As the process of the _____________ develops, we will be less likely to treat someone who has a mental health issue as having something they should just "deal with" or "get over" individually. Instead, we will be more likely to think of the issue as having to do with a disease. medicalization acute care hospitalization the professionalization of doctors epidemic

medicalization

Which of the following is a basic demographic variable? agglomeration dystopia pluralism sustainable development migration

migration

What sort of laws prohibited the mixing of racial groups through marriage, cohabitation, or sexual contact? reconstruction laws racial purity laws the Napoleonic code miscegenation laws Jim Crow laws

miscegenation laws

Which theory of power argues that a variety of organizations and institutions have roughly equal access to the power structure? conflict theory the theory of power elites disenfranchisement theory authoritarianism pluralism

pluralism

Which of the following is one of the primary principles of capitalism? privatization of the means of production collective distribution of goods and services a focus on meeting the basic needs of all citizens government regulation of industry abundant opportunities for meaningful work

privatization of the means of production

If you believe that poor people join groups dedicated to keeping toxic waste dumps out of low-income communities because they want to enjoy the same standard of living and quality of life as the rest of society, then you believe in: structural functionalism. globalization. relative deprivation theory. mass society theory. resource mobilization theory.

relative deprivation theory.

When African Americans joined a protest movement because it was harder for them to vote than it was for white Americans, they were acting out of: contentedness. relative mobility. relative deprivation. deprived rationality. resource mobilization.

relative deprivation.

Sociologists who focus on how practical constraints and opportunities can help or hinder a social movement are using: relative deprivation theory. resource mobilization theory. technological determinism. activist politics. reactionary theory.

resource mobilization theory.

The Golden Gate Bridge in San Francisco is an icon of the "City by the Bay" and a world-renowned tourist destination. It is also the number one suicide magnet in the world. Which theoretical explanation for suicide would best explain the high rates of suicide at the bridge? contagion selection ecological psychological anomic

selection

Which theoretical explanation for suicide emphasizes the lure of a place and factors that draw people with suicidal tendencies to it? physiological psychological contagion selection ecological

selection

Some urban planners are working hard to make sure their communities use the same land for multiple purposes, especially by using the land "vertically"—that is, having apartments on top of retail space. This type of planning is called: smart growth. urban sprawl. suburbanization. edge city development. the exurbs.

smart growth.

The transformation of culture over time is called: social revolution. cultural evolution. social iteration. social change. cultural translation.

social change.

Systems and structures that persist over time and help organize group life are called: social controls. social institutions. secular actions. political or governmental legislation. pluralistic situations.

social institutions.

What historical change led to a devaluation of women's work in the home? World War I the Industrial Revolution the birth of the Internet the Great Depression the civil rights movement

the Industrial Revolution

Which of the following is an example of a study of demography? voluntary simplicity and recycling organizing environmental activist groups to engage in direct actions the U.S. Census Bureau sending out surveys the Malthusian theorem trying to get more citizens involved at the grassroots level

the U.S. Census Bureau sending out surveys

Given the ways spectatorship has changed in recent years, which of the following trends is it most closely related to? increasing levels of conglomeration the increase in third places the decline of public life the commercialization of leisure the growth of cybernetics

the decline of public life

The National Organization for Men Against Sexism (NOMAS) believes that: Traditional masculinity includes many positive characteristics in which we take pride and find strength, but it also contains qualities that have limited and harmed us. As an organization dedicated to changing men, we care about men and are especially concerned with men's problems, as well as the difficult issues in most men's lives. What qualities or beliefs associated with traditional masculinity are identified by NOMAS as being harmful to men? a willingness to allow women to be in charge the idea that men are superior the idea that men and women are different the existence of gender the idea that men can share their feelings and express vulnerability

the idea that men are superior

What technological development is most associated with the Information Revolution? the jet airplane the microchip spreadsheets and e-mail container ships geosynchronous satellites

the microchip

The economy is not only about money, but also about: the people who are most important to an individual's sense of self. only symbolic. the production, distribution, and consumption of goods and services. encouraging cooperation over competition. rituals and beliefs that divide the world into the sacred and the profane.

the production, distribution, and consumption of goods and services.

What group was most likely to move away from the urban core to the suburbs? recent immigrants single mothers senior citizens racial and ethnic minorities whites

whites

When did African Americans gain the legal right to exercise their right to vote? with the passage of the 1965 Voting Rights Act shortly after the Civil War with the passage of the Nineteenth Amendment in 1919 with the passage of the Fifteenth Amendment in 1870 during the Great Depression

with the passage of the 1965 Voting Rights Act