SYWTBAI Chap 10-14
Supervision and professional development is most likely to be available to interpreters working in the following settings..
- Educational
There is generally a shortage of interpreters available across the job market primarily due to...
- Equal access legislation which has created a need for interpreters more quickly than educational programs are able to graduate them
Common components found in all interpreting models include...
- Identify meaning apart from source language form - Switch from source to target language - Note the importance of paralinguistic elements of meaning
When making an ethical decision you must...
- Identify the problem - Generate a list of options
Reciprocal signals...
- Include non-verbal indicator that one is attending and comprehending (or not comprehending) the messages being received - Are found in both English and ASL
Critical thinking skills...
- Involve to the ability to break the whole into its parts, to examine in detail, to look more deeply into a text and to determine its nature - Are required of a sign language interpreter - Involve disciplined reasoning, inferring and deducing in order to extract the message carried "between the lines" as well as the information explicitly stated - include the ability to rapidly scrutinize the incoming text to determine its features, recognizing and making accurate connections between new idea and previous information
Certified interpreters typically work in these settings where they encounter archaic language and rigid protocol...
- Legal
Interpreters do not work only for the d/Deaf client present in a communication event. This....
- Means interpreters are expected to provide quality service to both d/Deaf and non-deaf consumers
Flexibility of role, the ability to identify, analyze and convey a variety of emotional overlays as well as a clear sense of role and responsibility are particularly critical in the following settings...
- Mental health - Medical - Personal
_____ is the process which allows an interpreter to identify essential elements of meaning in a text, including overt and implied information.
- Message analysis
Awareness of one's cohort group is significant for sign language interpreters because...
- One's cohort group determines a person's critical assumptions and ways of interpreting - One's cohort group influences her/his beliefs toward life-shaping concepts - The presence of individuals from different cohort groups may signal a need for cultural expansions in the interpretation
An interpreter is more likely to encounter frozen register in the following settings...
- Religious - Legal - Theatrical
Factors which threaten an individual's ability to stay in the field of sign language interpreting are...
- Repetitive strain injury - Inability to obtain certification - Emotional burnout
Interpreting process models have been proposed by...
- Seleskovitch - Ingram - Cokely - Colonomos
In the field of sign language interpretation, personal integrity is critical because practitioners are policed by...
- Self and other members of the interpreting field - The local interpreting associations - ACLIC and RID
There are three basic types of employment available to sign language interpreters. These include..
- Staff positions with a business, school, or agency - Contract positions - Self-employment
Paid rehearsals, translations and lighting, as well as decisions regarding "zone" vs "shadowing" will be important to interpreters working in the following settings...
- Theatrical
AVLIC and RID are similar in the following ways...
- They advocate on behalf of their members - Both are member-run organizations, led by an elected board of directors - Both require individuals to pass a written exam prior to taking a skills certification exam
The Code of Ethics (now called Code of Professional Conduct) is....
- Unique to the field of sign language interpreting
In the 1960's the job market for Sign Language Interpreters was...
- Virtually non-existent-- interpreters worked primarily on a volunteer basis
Deep structure analysis answers such questions as...
- What overt and implied affective information is being conveyed and how does it influence or change the meaning of the speaker/signer and the relationship between participants? - What is the goal or purpose that is causing the speaker/signer to use this particular grammatical and discourse structure, humor, metaphors, etc...?
Some variables that influence pay rates for interpreters include...
- Whether the individual is a certified interpreter - Education-- both general and specific to interpreter - Geographical location and related cost of living index
Taking in the source language...
- requires the interpreter to attend to the incoming message until she/he is able to make sense of what is being said/signed - Is a step in the interpreting process that is sometimes under-valued - Includes the interpreter's process that is sometimes under-valued - Includes the interpreter's ability to physically perceive the incoming message - Assumes linguistic and cultural competence
Most entry level interpreters are hired to work in ______ settings
-Educational
Ethical decisions are made to support the following precepts. Explain each one as related to the professional sign language interpreter: Professional competence
Act ethically and be qualified enough for the job
(B) Vocational Rehabilitation Act of 1965
Authorized provision of interpreting services for deaf clients in vocation rehabilitation settings for the first time
Ethical decisions are made to support the following precepts. Explain each one as related to the professional sign language interpreter: Confidentiality
Can't talk about what went on during the interpretation for personal gain
Ethical decisions are made to support the following precepts. Explain each one as related to the professional sign language interpreter: Empowerment of the client
Deaf power, it's their lives and their decision
Ethical decisions are made to support the following precepts. Explain each one as related to the professional sign language interpreter: Professional distance
Don't get too involved in the clients life because you're only there for a cultural language bridge
Ethical decisions are made to support the following precepts. Explain each one as related to the professional sign language interpreter: Accurate conveyance of information
Dynamic equivalence
(E) Americans with Disabilities Act
Expands the concept of "equal access" to private businesses
(C) Education For All Handicapped Children Act
Mandates that children with disabilities be educated in the "least restrictive environment," which led to the widespread integration of disabled children in regular classrooms
(D) Court Interpreter's Act (1978)
Mandates the used of Certified Interpreters when non-English speaking litigants are involved in Federal Court
Informal-to-intimate registers are most likely to be available to interpreters working in the following settings...
Personal
(A) Rehabilitation Act of 1973
Stated that "handicapped individuals" had certain rights, including the right to accessible communication-- This resulted in the provision of interpreters in post secondary education, criminal legal proceedings and other settings
EDABC
multiple choice
RID was established in...
- 1964 at Ball State Teacher's College
AVLIC was established in...
- 1979 in Winnipeg
What problems are created by a lack of standard interpreter qualifications in many of the settings outlines in the text...
- A consumer cannot count on quality interpretation - Employers cannot establish standard pay scales - Interpreters may team with interpreting partners whose skills and experience are vastly difference from their own
Linguistic competence required of interpreters includes having...
- A sufficient store of lexicon in both English and ASL - The ability to use discourse formulation and discourse markers in both languages - Knowing how to accomplish six speaker goals in both languages - Ability to analyze deep structure meaning in English and ASL
In 1968 William C. Stokoe published an important linguistic study demonstrating that...
- ASL is composed of phonemes and morphemes like all other languages - A language does not have to be spoken in order to satisfy the requirements of being categorized as a language - ASL is made up for identifiable building blocks and changes over time like all languages
Professionals are distinguished by the fact that they...
- Adhere to a clearly articulated set of behavioral standards - Hold their client's interest paramount - Are expected to deal with sensitive information in a confidential manner
Interpreters in the field of spoken language interpretation find similar challenges to those encountered by sign language interpreters because both...
- Are required to mediate languages and cultures - Are setting up certification processes to insure quality interpretation
Deep structure meaning...
- Can be found by discovering within both the linguistic and the paralinguistic elements of an utterance the meaning intended by the speaker/signer
Explain how US legislation has helped interpreters and the Deaf community in Canada:
- Canada followed US bc once the US had professional interpreters so did Canada. Closed captioning and protectant laws
AVLIC awards the following certification
- Certificate of Interpretation (COI)
Currently RID awards the following certifications...
- Certificate of interpretation (CI) - Certificate of Transliteration (CT) - Certificate of Deaf Interpretation (CDI)
Monitoring the process refers to...
- Checking on the accuracy of your interpretation in process - Asking for clarification as needed
Interpreters in these settings typically work over several days with an unifying theme, may encounter specialized terminology and typically have access to papers and speakers in advance for prep....
- Conference
When calculation the financial costs of doing business as a private practitioner, an interpreter must remember to include...
- Education - Transportation - Certification - Business clothing - Health and malpractice insurance