tablets

Which drugs are appropriate to be used in effervescent tablets?

drugs that dissolve rapidly when added to water

ODT's Are best suited for drugs where there is a clear benefit from

fast onset of action

The choice of ______and _______ is of particular importance in the formulation of lozenges

filler and binder

Effervescent tablet formulation often includes a

flavorant and colorant but NOT a binder

a common binder is

gelatin

examples of fillers are

glucose sorbitol mannitol

ODTs are prepared using very

water soluble excipients (wick water into the tablet for rapid disintegration/dissolution)

imprinting

Effective in 1995, all solid dosage forms for human consumption (prescription and OTC drugs) must be imprinted with product-specific identification codes or distinctive symbols

effervescent tablet dissolution should be complete within

a few minutes

lozenge formulation is quite similar in composition to

conventional tablets

is there a need for a disintegrate in lozenge formulation?

No

when the CO2 is liberated this facilitates tablet disintegration. But does it affect drug dissolution?

No

Orally disintegrating tablets (ODT's)

- called "rapidly dissolving tablets" -disintegrate or dissolve in the mouth in 10-60 seconds.

ODT's are designed for

-Children -Elderly -Any patient who has difficulty in swallowing tablets

Disadvantage to effervescent tablets

-Such tablets must be kept protected from moisture at all times during manufacture, storage and packaging -Even the moisture in the air during product preparation may be adequate to initiate effervescent reactivity

examples of effervescent tablet packaging

-Waterproof containers, often including a dessicant -Blister packs of aluminum foil

ODT's- the drug dissolves in the mouth therefore you need

-a flavorant -microencapsulation or nanoencapsulation: product should not be gritty

examples of exemptions of imprinting

-dosage forms used in clinical trials -dosage forms used in extemporaneously compounded

Effervescent tablets

-dropped into a glass of water before admin

Difficulties and disadvantages of ODT's

-drug loading (ex. dose) -should not be too firm because of slow disintegration/dissolution

Lozenges

-ex. troches, pastilles -tablets that liberate the drug while slowly dissolving in the mouth

lozenges are used for

-local medication in the mouth or throat (ex. local anesthesitic, antiseptic drugs) -some are for systemic drug uptake (ex. dextromethorphan, nicotine)

lozenge formulation

-often colored and include a flavor -should contribute to a pleasant taste or feeling during tablet dissolution -are designed to dissolve or slowly erode over a period of < 30 min -should be water soluble

Effervescent tablet uses

-rapid drug action (ex. analgesics) -facilitate intake of a drug (ex. vitamins)

Effervescent tablets are compressed to A. be soft B. have a medium hardness C. be hard

A. be soft

what type of lubricant is used in effervescent tablet formulation? A.Hydrophilic lubricant B.Hydrophobic lubricant C.Hydrophilic and hydrophobic lubricants are equally appropriate

A. hydrophilic lubricant

What degree of compression should be used for a tablet machine that compresses lozenges? A.Low compression B.Similar compression as conventional tablets C. high compression

C.High compression

once the effervescent tablet is put into water, carbon dioxide is ?

liberated. Reaction between sodium bicarbonate and a weak organic acid (tartaric, citric) in the presence of water

Disc-shaped solid dosage forms containing a drug and a flavorant in a hard candy or sugar base is a

lozenge

lozenges are easy to administer to

pediatrics and geriatric patients

effervescent tablets are packaged in a way that

protects against moisture