Taxonomy test
6: archaebacteria, eubacteria, protista, fungi, plantae, animalia
How many kingdoms are in the Linnaean Taxonomic System and what are they named?
1
How many kingdoms do Bacteria and Archaea each have?
Domain, kingdom, phylum, class, order, genus, species
Name the levels of classification from broadest to narrowest
Spheres, rods, spiral
Name the three shapes of bacteria
Break down food in digestive system; help decompose organic matter; used to make some foods; fix nitrogen for plants
Name the ways bacteria is helpful
Prophage
bacteriophage DNA that becomes embedded into host's DNA.
Virus
nonliving particle made of proteins, nucleic acids, and sometimes lipids
prokaryotic cell
Cell that has no membrane bound organelles; unicellular
Bacteriophage
"Bacteria eater"
Capsid
A
T4 bacteriophage
Give an example of a virus that uses the lytic cycle
Eukarya
(Domain) Eukaryotic; Kingdom: "Protista", Fungi, Plantae, Animalia
Bacteria
(Domain) Unicellular and prokaryotic; Kingdom: Eubacteria
Archae
(Domain) Unicellular and prokaryotic; Live in extreme conditions; Kingdom: Archaeabacteria
Plantae
(Kingdom) Autotrophs; Vasculour or nonvasculour
Fungi
(Kingdom) Multicellular eukaryotes; Heterotrophs; Absorb decaying materials; Yeast are unicellular
Animalia
(Kingdom) Multicellular heterotrophs; Exist in almost every part of the planet
Protista
(Kingdom) Unicellular eukaryotes; More research is finding they have more in common with other kingdoms, than each other (Possibly broken into another 5 groups); Most are unicellular (brown algae is multi); Some are photosynthetic
False; they belong to class pelecypoda
(T/F) Clams belong to the phylum Mollusca and class scaphopoda
Chemicals; sterilization; antibiotics
Name the 3 ways to limit the spread of bacteria
Conjugation
A hollow bridge forms between two bacterial cells, and genetic material (usually plasmids) move from one cell to the other to exchange genetic info
Heterotroph
An organism that cannot make its own food (carnivores that hunt for food)
Capsid
protein coat surrounding virus
No
Are viruses living?
Cytoplasm
B
Pili
C
Eukaryotic cell
Cell that has membrane bound organelles; more complex and larger
Cell membrane
D
Viral nucleic acid inserted into host cell's DNA, multiplies with host DNA without damaging the host
Describe the lysogenic cycle of a virus
a virus enters a bacterial cell, makes copies of itself, and causes the cell to burst (lyse)
Describe the lytic cycle of a virus
Pathogens
Disease causing agents
Cell wall
E
DNA
F
Ribosomes
G
Flu
Give an example of a mutation type of emerging disease
Polio/chickenpox
Give an example of a relapse type of emerging disease
Spore-former
Give an example of a rod shaped bacteria
Dipococci
Give an example of a sphere shaped bacteria
Vibrios
Give an example of a spiral shaped bacteria
Covid
Give an example of a sudden appearance type of emerging disease
Lamba bacteriophage
Give an example of a virus that uses the lysogenic cycle
phylogenetic tree
Graph made by using historical relationships between organisms
Cladistics
Grouping based on shared characteristics that may have come from a common ancestor
Flagella
H
Archae cells lack peptidoglycan and their membranes contain different lipids
How are the cells in Archaea different from the ones in Bacteria?
Because the diseases older people forget to take precautions (vaccines) leading to another outbreak
How can a disease relapse in a population?
Destroys living cells or releases chemicals that upset homeostasis
How does bacteria cause disease?
Typed: Genus species; Handwritten: Genus species
How is binomial nomenclature typed and handwritten?
3: bacteria, archaea, eukarya
How many domains are in the Linnaean Taxonomic System and what are they named?
No
Is all bacteria bad?
Personal hygiene; avoiding contact; vaccines
Name a few ways we can prevent the spread of viruses.
Autotroph
Organism that can produce energy for its consumption on its own (plants and photosynthesis)
Active; hidden
Some viruses replicated immediately (________ reproduction), while others initially persist in an inactive state within the host (__________ reproduction)
Taxonomy
The scientific study of describing, naming, classifying organisms
when growth conditions become unfavorable
Under what conditions does a bacteria create an endospore?
Peacock flounder
Using the dichotomous key, what is fish #1's name?
Spotted goldfish
Using the dichotomous key, what is fish #2's name?
Glassy sweeper
Using the dichotomous key, what is fish #3's name?
Squirrelfish
Using the dichotomous key, what is fish #4's name?
Spotted eagle ray
Using the dichotomous key, what is fish #5's name?
Bandtail
Using the dichotomous key, what is fish #6's name?
Spotted moray eel
Using the dichotomous key, what is fish #7's name?
Glasseye Snapper
Using the dichotomous key, what is fish #8's name?
Trumpet fish
Using the dichotomous key, what is fish #9's name?
Relapse; sudden appearance; mutation
What are the types of emerging diseases?
lytic and lysogenic
What are two way a virus can enter a host cell?
Prokaryotic cell division = produces 2 identical cells
What is binary fission?
Alligator and bony fish
What is more closely related: Alligator and bony fish / bony fish and lamphrey
Clams and octopus
What is more closely related: Sharks and birds / clams and octopus
Crab and spider
What is more closely related: Starfish and acorn worm / crab and spider
Gastropoda and Cephalopoda
What is more closely related: Urochordata and cephalochordata / Gastropoda and cephalopoda
Form; structure; differences in embryos, chromosomes, proteins, and DNA
What types of info is used to create a taxonomic scheme?
Original name for prokaryotic cell types; Archaebacteria and Eubacteria
What was the kingdom Monera? What do we use today instead?
Bacteria and Archae
Which domains have prokaryotic unicellular organisms?
Martinus Beijerinck
Who discovered viruses?
because it enriches our understanding of how genes, genomes, and species evolve.
Why are phylogenetic trees useful/important?
Viruses cannot reproduce on its own -> must infect living cells; can crystallize
Why are viruses considered not alive?
Virus = Latin word for disease
Why did Beijerinck use the name virus?
It enables bacteria to survive in new environments and resist antibiotics; increases genetic diversity
Why would bacteria utilize conjugation as a method for reproduction?
Endospore
a thick internal wall that encloses the DNA and a portion of the cytoplasm