TCP/IP ADDRESSING AND SUBNETS

Using the subnet mask 255.255.255.248, which two addresses are on the same subnet? (Choose two.)

((194.212.56.18)) ((194.212.56.20))

Using the subnet mask 255.255.255.192, which sets of host addresses will be able to communicate on the same network segment?

((210.68.165.65 to 210.68.165.120))

Your customer owns a full Class C address, 220.14.56.0. They currently operate a flat network using the default Class C subnet mask, 255.255.255.0, and use a single router to connect to the Internet. What should the subnet mask number be changed to in order to segment their network into six subnets to better control broadcast traffic?

((255.255.255.224))

What is the binary equivalent of decimal 136?

10001000.

Convert the Internet protocol (IP) address 172.68.10.2 from decimal to binary:

10101100.01000100.00001010.00000010.

What is the binary equivalent of the subnet mask 255.248.0.0?

11111111.11111000.00000000.00000000

Convert the binary Internet protocol (IP) address 01110011.11001000.00101100.00000010 to decimal:

115.200.44.2.

How many total bits does a Class B subnet allow us to borrow from the host portion?

14

Using the default Class C subnet mask, 255.255.255.0, which two addresses will be able to communicate on the same network segment? (Choose two.)

192.200.129.18 192.200.129.179

Using the subnet mask 255.255.255.240, which two addresses are on the same subnet? (Choose two.)

200.193.15.49 200.193.15.61

You need to integrate these six class C networks 201.36.35.0/24, 201.36.72.0/24, 201.36.78.0/24, 201.36.79.0/24, 201.36.80.0/24, and 201.36.141.0/24. Which of these networks would be in the classless interdomain routing (CIDR) network range 201.36.72.0/21?

201.36.72.0/24201.36.78.0/24201.36.79.0/24

Which is the result of ANDing the Internet protocol (IP) address 23.176.224.18 with the subnet mask 255.224.0.0?

23.160.0.0.

Which broadcast IP address limits packets to the local network segment only?

255.255.255.255

If we borrow 12 bits from a Class B address, how many usable subnets have we created?

4096

In a Class B network, if you borrowed 9 bits, how many usable subnets would you create?

512

If we borrow 3 bits from a Class C network address, how many usable subnets have we created?

8

If we borrow 3 bits from a Class C network address, how many useable subnets have we created?

8

When subnetting Class A addresses, which two of the following is the first subnet's wire address equal to? (Choose two.)

The default wire address. Netid.0.0.0.

Which represents the prefix bits for the subnet mask 255.255.0.0?

/16.

What isolates an Internet protocol (IP) address's network portion from its host portion?

A network mask.

A Boolean operator that only returns a true (1) value when both operands are true. Otherwise, the result is false (0).

AND function (AND)

This number system is one that uses just two unique digits, 1 and 0. All operations that are possible in the decimal system (addition, subtraction, multiplication, division) are equally possible in this system. This system is more natural than the decimal system.

Binary

conserves IP addresses and reduces routing table sizes.

CIDR - Classless inter-domain routing

If the number of hosts per subnet exceeds 255, how might you solve for the subnet incremental range?

Divide the number of HOSTS by 256.

In a subnetted Class B network, in what state will the host bits be on each subnet's broadcast address?

Each subnet's host bits are set to all 1s.

With the subnet mask 255.255.255.128, how frequently will the Class B subnets increment, and in which octet?

Every 128 hosts; third and fourth octets.

Why is subnetting used?

It allows network administrators to break up a single network address into smaller network addresses.

What is the best description of the Internet protocol (IP) address prefix?

It is the shorthand notation for the combined network and subnet mask.

How does a router determine where to send packets addressed to hosts on remote networks?

It looks in its routing table for an entry for the destination network.

processed by all hosts on the local network segment. This address is 255.255.255.255. Routers will not, by default, forward this type of broadcast packet. Hubs, repeaters, bridges and Layer 2 switches do forward these addresses.

Limited Broadcasts

A system that allows an administrator to use one set of Internet protocol (IP) addresses within a local area network (LAN), and another set for external traffic. can shield internal addresses from public networks, and make more efficient use of a few globally unique IP addresses.

Network Address Translation (NAT)

go to all hosts on a remote network. This directed broadcast address specifies the remote network's network portion, with the host portion set to all 1s. For example, 192.168.1.255. Routers do forward these addresses.

Network Broadcasts

A Boolean operator that returns a true (1) when the operands are both true, or when either is true and the other is false (0).

OR function

Which two of the following result from implementing classless interdomain routing (CIDR)? (Choose two.)

Reduced network bandwidth utilization. Conservation of available addresses.

Given the subnet mask 255.255.254.0, and considering the trick you learned for identifying subnet masking patterns, in which octet will the subnet wire addresses increment?

Second

are sent to all hosts on a specific subnet. This address specifies the network and subnet portions of the remote network, with the host portion set to all 1s.

Subnet Broadcasts

When subnetting Class B addresses, what is the first subnet's wire address equal to?

The default network wire address.

In a set of subnet address ranges, which is the first wire address in the first subnet?

The default network's wire address.

A subnet's broadcast address has which portion's bits set to all ones?

The host portion.

In a net mask address, what identifies the network and host portions of the address?

The network portion of the net mask is set to all ones, and the host is set to all zeros.

When written in binary, the first part of a subnetted Class B network's wire address will show which bit pattern?

The network portion set as the default Class B network portion, the subnet portion to all 0s, and the host portion to all 0s.

Given the IP address 67.89.124.189 and the subnet mask 255.224.0.0, which is the subnetted octet, and how frequently will it increment?

The second octet, by 32.

In order for a host to communicate on a subnetted network segment, which two portions of its IP address must match those of the subnet address? (Choose two.)

The subnet portion The network portion

If a Class B address's subnet mask is 255.255.254.0, in which octet does our subnet portion increment?

Third

If a Class B address's subnet mask is 255.255.255.192, in which octet does the subnet portion increment?

Third and fourth.

Which two of the following are reasons why an organization would choose to subnet their network? (Choose two.)

To build a more scalable network To conserve network addresses

Why did the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) design classless interdomain routing (CIDR)?

To reduce routing table entries.

A bit mask used to select bits from an Internet protocol (IP) address. The mask is of variable length and marks the network portion of the IP address

address mask

targets all hosts across all subnets in a subnetted network. The address specifies the major network (unsubnetted) portion of the address, with the subnet and host portions set to all 1s. This broadcast address type was removed by RFC 1918.

all Subnets Directed Broadcast

A routing protocol that does not send subnet mask information along with routing updates. can only use the default network mask (net mask) for the given Internet protocol (IP) address class. The routing protocol cannot use subnetting. These have mostly been retired.

classful protocol

Also known as supernetting, a technique used to reduce the number of routing table entries a router must maintain and advertise for internal Internet protocol (IP) networks. aggregates multiple networks into a single routing table entry; this single entry represents these multiple sequential networks as a single <networkaddress>/<prefix> entry.

classless inter-domain routing (CIDR)

A routing protocol that passes subnet mask information along with its routing updates; this makes subnetting or supernetting more efficient. Open Shortest Path First (OSPF), Border Gateway Protocol (BGP), and Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol (EIGRP) use these.

classless protocol

What are 3 benefits to TCP/IP subnetting?

conserves our host addresses, controls broadcast traffic, and provides network scalability

The process of updating and synchronizing all routing tables in a network, so that all routers agree on new metrics or topology.

convergence

Refers to numbers in base 10 (the numbers we use in everyday life), represented by the digits 0-9. These numbers are more natural to work with; thus, most network devices perform binary-to-decimal and decimal-to-binary conversion.

decimal

The syntactic representation for a 32-bit integer that consists of four 8-bit numbers with periods (dots) separating them. Many transmission control protocol/Internet protocol (TCP/IP) application programs accept dotted decimal notation in place of destination computer names (e.g., 205.169.85.200 and 255.255.255.0

dotted decimal notation

In a binary number, the bit position with the lowest place value (the bit in the right-most position)

least significant bit (LSB)

In a binary number, the bit position with the highest place value. In an 8-bit number, the MSB in the bit position with the place value of decimal 128 (the bit in the left-most position)

most significant bit (MSB)

A technique that allows copies of a single packet to be passed to a select subset of all destinations that subscribe to the technique.

multicast

Separates an Internet protocol (IP) address into a network portion and a host portion. The network portion of an address has the mask bits turned on (set to 1s). The host portion of an address has the mask bits turned off (set to 0s).

network mask (net mask)

One that IS SENT between networks ACROSS an internetwork. These protocols contain source and destination network and host addresses, in the form of logical addresses, to enable network devices to MOVE data from its source host and network to the destination network and host.

routed protocol

Gathers network path information from neighboring internetworking devices and use this information to determine the best path over which to forward traffic towards its destination.

routing protocol

An extension of the Internet protocol (IP) addressing scheme that allows a site to divide a single IP network address into evenly sized pieces for use across multiple physical networks.

subnet address

A division of a given network into smaller equally-sized networks, identified by its subnetmask.

subnetwork