teas exam science

Which of the following terms refers to the front or belly region of a human?

Anterior

DNA stands for which of the following?

Deoxyribonucleic acid

The inner thigh is the _____ side of the thigh.

The inner part of your thigh, the inner thigh, is the medial part of your thigh, since it's closest to the imaginary midline.

Which molecule would likely contain nitrogen?

amino acids

Melvin injured his heel, or calcaneus. The heel is part of which anatomical view of the body?

the posterior view

In the human body, ____

there are many different cell types but only four tissue types.

Only about _____ of genes are different from one person to the next. Those that are different are called _____.

1%, alleles

What differentiates cardiac muscle from smooth muscle?

Cardiac muscle is only found in the heart, and smooth muscle is found elsewhere.

A _____ is one of two copies of a replicated chromosome

Chromatid

The frontal plane is also known as the _____ plane.

Coronal

Select the gel-like substance that contains the organelles in a cell.

Cytoplasm

What is the relationship between DNA and proteins?

DNA codes for sequences of amino acids, which make up different proteins.

A chromosome consists of two chromatids for AT LEAST part of all of these steps EXCEPT I. G1 II. G2 III. M Phase IV. S Phase

I

Place the following steps in the cell cycle into the order in which they occur. I. G1 II. G2 III. S phase IV. M phase

In the cell cycle, G1 occurs first, followed by S phase, then G2, and then M phase.

Although not a stage of mitosis, this phase of a cell's life is when DNA is copied

Interphase

If you wanted to divide a body into equal right and left halves, which plane should you use?

Median

In which stage of mitosis do the chromosomes line up along the middle of the cell?

Metaphase

What are the building blocks of DNA and RNA called?

Nucleotides

What is the proper order of the four stages of mitosis?

Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase

Which molecule would likely contain selenium

Protein

Which one of the following best describes the function of RNA in making proteins?

RNA helps the cell read and translate DNA code by assembling the correct amino acid sequence.

the back of your hand is the _____ surface of your hand.

The back of your hand is called the dorsal aspect of the hand. The term dorsal refers to something that is towards the back.

Which of the following parts of a cell is the control center that contains DNA?

The nucleus.

Which organelle is described as the cell's detoxification center?

The smooth ER.

Which of the following indicates that a verb should be singular?

The subject is singular.

Which of the following best describes carbohydrates?

They are composed of hydrated carbon atoms

What is the relationship between cells and tissues?

Tissues are made up of cells.

Which of the following are the complimentary base pairs in DNA?

adenine and thymine guanine and cytosine

Which of the following are ways in which RNA is different than DNA: I. Single-stranded II. Has ribose as it sugar III. Has uracil

all

Your sternum is _____ to your vertebral column.

anterior

organs are __

collections of tissues that carry out a specific function.

Which of the following are characteristics of DNA?

double helix, double strands

2. Which of the following nouns is a common noun? Manhattan Aunt Tasha Texas region

region

Pancreatic cells are constantly producing proteins that function as digestive enzymes. Pancreatic cells need to have lots of _____ to produce these proteins.

ribosomes

Which of the following sentences has an INCORRECT subject-verb agreement? Across the bay, fleets of old fishing boats was seen on the horizon. Despite all the fuss about formal wedding dinners, I'm serving barbecue at mine. Whenever you have time, the architect and his assistant would like to talk to you about the remodel. Psychologists who came up with the idea of multitasking have lately been saying they were wrong.

'Was seen' is past tense, but the subject 'boats' is plural. The word 'was' needs to be changed to the past tense version of 'were'.

what is a common noun

A common noun is a noun that names a non-specific person, place, thing, activity, or idea and is not capitalized. (cat, store, person)

If we identify two points A and B on someone's arm, and we know that B is distal to A, then what do we know about these two points?

A is closer to the shoulder, while B is farther away.

what is a noun

A person, place, thing, or idea

What is a proper noun?

A proper noun is a noun that names a specific person, place thing, activity, or idea and must be capitalized. (Garfield, Wal-Mart, John Calvin)

Which is an example of a phenotype?

All answers are correct. An individual's phenotype consists of the traits we can observe. These can include features of appearance, behavior, metabolism, or anything else we can detect.

Martha suffers from knee osteoarthritis. She has pain in only one knee while the _____ knee does not hurt.

Contralateral refers to the opposite side of the body. If Martha has pain in one knee, but not in the contralateral knee, this refers to the opposite knee on the other side of her body.

The plane dividing your body into anterior and posterior portions is known as the _____ plane.

Coronal

Which of the following sentences has an INCORRECT subject-verb agreement? Any book about space visits from vampire Martian aliens is my idea of a good weekend read. The thought of all the home repairs we need after the bathrooms flooded are daunting. Subject-verb agreement usually gets trickier as sentences expand into more complex structures. It's amazing that there are never any leftovers in my house after the Super Bowl game.

In the incorrect sentence, 'thought' is the singular subject and the verb should be the singular form 'is' instead of the plural form 'are.'

The right foot and the right arm are _____ structures.

Ipsilateral means on the same side of the body, so the right foot and right arm are ipsilateral structures because they're both on the right side.

Which of the following statements is FALSE regarding mitosis?

Mitosis is the process of dividing body cells and their nuclei. This results in identical cells, so it helps you grow and repair damage when you do things like scrape your knee. It is NOT a process where DNA is replicated.

Nancy has gone to see her doctor because of pain in her wrists after a long day of typing. Her doctor diagnoses her with carpal tunnel syndrome. The carpal area is part of what region of the body?

The carpal area is part of the region of the body called the upper extremities.

Which of the following structures is superficial to the teeth?

The term superficial means closer to the skin or body surface; therefore, the lips are superficial to the teeth.

Maria has right lower quadrant pain and is diagnosed with acute appendicitis. Maria's appendix is in which of the regions of the body?

The torso

Which plane runs parallel to the ground in a standing human?

The transverse plane runs perpendicular to the coronal and median planes and in an upright human is parallel, or horizontal, to the ground.

What problem would be caused by a lack of cartilage in someone's body?

Their movement would be hindered, and their bones rub together.

Why do we think there must be many genes for eye color?

There are many eye color phenotypes, and HERC2 only explains one of them

Which of the following nitrogenous bases is NOT found in RNA?

Thymine

The horizontal plane is also known as the _____ plane.

Transverse

When an organism is diploid, that means it has _

Two versions of each chromosome

The brain is located _____ to the skull.

deep

The elbow is _____ to the shoulder.

distal

Organ systems are _

made up of organs.

If point A is closest to the midline in comparison to point B, then point A is _____ to point B.

medial

Which of the following structures is superior to the rib cage? Neck Knees Hips Feet

neck

Which of the following words is a noun? scared early before pizza

pizza

The sole of your foot is known as the _____ surface.

plantar

Genes carry instructions to make _____.

proteins

Which molecule would likely contain sulfur?

proteins

Your knee is _____ to your ankle.

proximal The point on an appendage that is nearer the body from which an appendage is originating is known as the proximal point; therefore, the knee is proximal to the ankle because it is nearer to the trunk of the body.

Which of the following represents a nucleotide of RNA? I. Phosphate-Sugar-Adenine II. Phosphate-Sugar-Uracil III. Phosphate-Sugar-Thymine

I & II

Are phenotypes caused by genes or environment?

Phenotypes can be caused by a combination of genes and environment

Which of these structures is lateral to the rib cage?

Remember that midline is the middle of your body. Lateral means that something is farther away from midline, so given the above choices, the arms would be lateral to the rib cage.

All of the following occur during interphase EXCEPT: Cell growth Cell division S phase Protein synthesis Chromosome replication

cell divison

Which of the following serous membranes lines the heart?

visceral pericardium

Genes are small sequences on DNA, which is coiled up super tight to form _

Chromosomes are bundled up strands of DNA and proteins.

An allele is _____.

One version of genetic variation at a particular locus

Which of the following cavities contains the lungs?

Pleural

If you are performing a sheep brain dissection and cut along the midline to divide the brain into a left and right region, along which sectional plane did you make the cut?

The midsagittal section divides into equal left and right regions, whereas the parasagittal plane does not necessarily result in equal left and right sections. The frontal and transverse sections divide into anterior/posterior and superior/inferior, respectively.

The nucleic acid building blocks of DNA and RNA are made up of which of the following?

The nucleic acid building blocks of DNA and RNA are made up of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, an nitrogen, in addition to phosphorous.

The front part, anterior, or palm of your hand is also known as the _____ side.

The palmar aspect of your hand is a term that describes something located in, on, or pertaining to the palm of the hand.

What are genes? found in all cells passed down from your parents on DNA

all are correct

Proteins make up many parts of body including our _____. eyes skin blood

all correct

Alvin studied for his test after going swimming. Which of the following words from this sentence is a noun? studied Alvin after for

alvin

Which of the following nouns is a proper noun? Central Park cat fireman mountain

central park

What is the relationship between an individual's genotype and their phenotype?

An individual's genotype is what we call the genes that help to create that phenotype.

Which of the following statements is true? I. The one-thousandth base pair on chromosome one of an organism is an example of a locus. II. Changing the DNA in a gene by one base pair could create a new allele. III. Cells in a diploid organism possess two copies of each chromosome (except gametes).

The locus is a specific location on a chromosome. An allele refers to a specific version of a gene, so changing a gene's DNA can create a new allele. Diploid organisms have two versions of each chromosome. So all the statements are true.

When writing a sentence using either/or or neither/nor, how do you decide whether the verb should be singular or plural?

Use the subject noun closest to the verb to decide.

Which of the following words is a common noun identifying a person? Mr. Taylor doctor Ms. Randall Dr. Jones

doctor

The locus is _____.

specific location on a chromosome

Which of the following is true about the differences between DNA and RNA?

All answers are correct. The main difference between the 3D structure of DNA and RNA is that DNA is made up of two chains of nucleotides twisted together (forming a spiral or helix) and RNA only consists of a single chain of nucleotides. Also, the sugars are different (deoxyribose in DNA and ribose in RNA), and uracil replaces thymine in RNA.

In which stage of mitosis do the chromosomes pull apart and move away from the center of the cell?

Anaphase

Which of the following is a true statement about bones?

Bones facilitate movement. They do not contract, are not flexible, and there are more than 200 bones in the body.

Which of the following statements is TRUE?

Chromosome replication occurs during S phase.

.Which of the following is NOT an example of a phenotype? Color of a feather Wheat resistance to fungal infection DNA sequence of the alcohol dehydrogenase gene Height of a giraffe

DNA sequence of the alcohol dehydrogenase gene

Mitosis vs. Meiosis

Mitosis: one division forming 2 identical cells (clones); Meiosis: two divisions forming 4 genetically different cells

Which of the following BEST explains how a muscle cell exerts force?

Muscles only do work when they contract. They do not actively push things further apart when they stretch back out and are said to be relaxed. Muscle cells do not fold in half, they contract and exert a pulling force

Which of the following lists the correct order for the five levels of organization in the human body, from most to least complex?

Organism, organ system, organ, tissue, cell

Which of the following are reasons why RNA is generally less stable than DNA? I. Fewer hydrogen bonds II. Prevalence of proteins that can degrade RNA III. Fewer -OH groups in the sugar of RNA

RNA is less stable than DNA because it has fewer hydrogen bonds and proteins can degrade RNA. However, it has more -OH groups in the sugar.

What are the functions of DNA?

Replication and expression

Bobby injured his ankle while playing soccer. The ankle is part of what main area of the body?

The appendicular

Devon was ice skating and fell onto his chest. Which region of Devon's body is this area located in?

The axial body

In eukaryotic organisms, the DNA is stored where?

The cell nucleus

Which of the following explains how a person straightens his arm at the elbow?

When the triceps muscle is relaxed and the biceps muscle contracts, it pulls the radius and ulna closer to the upper arm, and the arm bends at the elbow. In contrast, when the biceps muscle relaxes and the triceps muscle contracts, the ulna is pulled back away from the upper arm, and the arm straightens.

In the following sentence, _____ is the subject noun and _____ is the verb.

girls; hear

When standing upright, your knee is _____ to your head.

inferior