Tech Draw (4th Mid Quarter)

Fenestration

- deals with the arrangements of windows and doors in a wall.

Proportion

- deals with the size and shape of areas and their relation to one another.

Shadows

- refer to a simple elevation, which can become interesting when designed to take advantage of shadows

Harmony

- refers to all features that should harmonize to present a uniform elevation

Shed or Lean

- to is the simplest form.

draft

A _____pinpoints everything to prevent hazardous situations; thereby, it helps professionals to complete their work on time.

highlights

A plan ___________ all the potential risks to make amendments quickly before the occurrence of any substantial damage.

Importance of Roof Planning

A roof is one of the most important elements of a home. It protects from the elements, shielding you from the fiery sun and chilly rain. Then, doesn't it go without saying that it is important to plan out your roof so it doesn't easily break against the elements and disasters? A roof plan is vital then to make sure your roof stays strong. Afterall, it provides crucial guidance to the workers because it usually includes the design of the roof, its shape and size, and the material placement — vents, drains, valleys, and slopes, etc. Furthermore, a roof plan is also useful for aesthetic considerations as it can easily show how much impact the roof design has on the entire structure.

Step 2: Plan it in Advance

After finalizing your layout, focus on your electrical plan. The wirings go through the ceilings, walls, and floor before they are plastered, laid out, and fixed.

building's anticipated areas

An electrical plan prevents injury because it pinpoints all the __________ that may harm a technician.

time

An electrical plan saves ______ by avoiding delays and problems.

Step 3: Use Interior Layout as Your Starting Point

Around your exits and entries, place your fan, AC switches, and light. Now, place your electrical outlets near the counters and tables. Then, decide where to put your big appliances like TV, computer, washing machine, printer, etc.

Step 1: Know Your Layout

Either use a software or a graph paper and make a scale drawing of the different rooms. Make sure to include features such as cabinets, counters, stove, bed, and other various symbols.

Importance of Elevation

Elevation of a house is very much a factor that will influence the re-sell value of your house. Elevation in this instance refers to the appearance of the home from the outside. How many different rooflines there are, how many curves and corners around the house, how many different levels there are and if they are all the same shape and size, etc. Elevation is as much a first impression which you must ensure will impress and not put off potential buyers. Elevation is very important whether you plan on selling your home or just want to enjoy it yourself.

Electrical Plan

It also saves money because nobody feels like spending more money than they already have. A draft includes all the details like wire's length, type of cables, and other parts you will need to complete your project. Thus, you do not have to spend a considerable amount of money on unnecessary things.

system

It helps to ensure that your _________ runs safely, efficiently, and smoothly.

Roof

It is the external upper covering of a house or building. It shows the size, shape and the type of materials that should be used in the roofing system.

(2) Plan for Lighting and Receptacle Outlets.

Layout and wiring plans for general lighting and receptacle outlets on floor plans drawn to scale, shall show: Location, type and rating of lighting fixtures, indicating illumination in lux in each room or area. Location of switches for each fixtures or group of fixtures; Location of receptacle outlets and appliances to be served and their ratings; Complete circuits of the lighting and receptacle outlets; Complete wiring of emergency lighting system, if any; A separate drawing showing layout of receptacle outlets may be made at the discretion of the design engineer.

(1) Plan for Power

Layout and wiring plans for power on the floor plans drawn to scale, shall show: Sizes and location of service entrance conductors, raceways, metering equipment, main switchboard, layout of feeders and distribution panels or switches and their sizes, types and ratings; Complete circuits of motors and other electrical equipment, their controlling devices, their locations and ratings; Complete wiring of emergency power system, if any; Nature of processes/activities carried out in each room or area

(3) Plan for Fire Alarm Circuits.

Layout and wiring plans of fire alarm station, fire alarm bell, fire alarm control panel, and other shall be drawn to scale and show: Location of outlets, equipment and/or apparatus and controls; Complete circuit showing no. and size of raceway and wire;

Step 4: Walk Through Your Plan

Once you are finished with your layout, print it out, and walk through your home while holding it. Since there are no walls and electricity, the arrangement can be easily changed; therefore, imagine that you are turning on and plugging in appliances. This will enable you to put switches and outlets in the best places.

Three Common Types of Roof Frame

Rafter Type Truss Type Laminated

purpose

The ______ of an elevation drawing is to show the finished appearance of a given side of the house and furnish vertical height dimensions. Four elevations are customarily drawn, one for each side of the house.

roof system

The_________ has numerous types according to construction. These shapes are referred to as: Shed or lean-to type Gable or Pitch roof Saw tooth roof Double gable Hip roof Hip and Valley Pyramid roof Gambrel Ogee roof Mansard roof Dome Conical roof Butterfly roof French or Concave roof

Truss Detail

a complete structural detail of a common or typical truss of a building

Hip Rafters

are laid diagonally from the corners of a plate to the ridge.

Interior Elevations

are like sections in that they show all of the heights inside the house.

Valley rafter

doesn't extend from the plate or girts to the ridge.

Common rafters

extend at right angles from the plate to the ridge.

Gable Roof

has a pitch on two sides but no pitch on the gable ends. This type of roof is used extensively in Philippines "bahay kubo" and raw houses in subdivisions. The pitch or angle of a gable roof varies from the high pitch roofs found on chalet A-frame style buildings to the low pitch roofs found on most ranch homes.

Hip Roof

has the sides sloping and used in modern houses.

Electrical plan

is "a preplan of electrical design on a paper before the physical installation of electrical appliances and machines in real time". This electrical plan consists of several standard symbols of electrical appliances and machines and their interconnection. The electrical plan plays a vital role in the installation of electrical systems in real time.

Hip and valley roof

is a combination of hip and gable

Double Gable

is a gable roof modified.

Dome

is a hemispherical type of roof used in observatory buildings.

Truss

is a material that is important in a roof plan. It is a built- up frame used on an unsupported long span roof system. It is designed with a series of triangles to stiffer the structure and distribute the roof load and to stay rigid and with flexibility and strength.

Pyramid roof

is a modification of the hip.

Gambrel Roof

is a modified gable roof having two slopes.

French or concave mansard rood

is a modified mansard roof where the sides are concave.

Ogee Roof

is a pyramid having steep sides sloping to the center.

Overhang

is a roof type where the pitch is low and extends on the side of the building perpendicular to the rafters direction. It should provide additional protection from the sun and rain.

Hip roof

is a roof where all four sides of the roof slope downwards from the peak. Hip roofs are very popular in warm climates. They are commonly used in Regency and French Provincial homes.

Flat roof

is a roof which is almost level in contrast to the many types of sloped roofs. The slope of a roof is properly known as its pitch and flat roofs have up to approximately 10°. Flat roofs are an ancient form mostly used in arid climates and allow the roof space to be used as a living space or a living roof. are used to create a low silhouette on modern homes. Slightly heavier rafters are needed for flat roofs. Built-up asphalt construction is often used on flat roofs.

Roof plan

is a scaled drawing or diagram of a proposed roof development containing dimensions of the entire roof structure, including shape, size, design and placement of all materials, ventilation, drainage, slopes, valleys and more.

Shed roof

is a single sloping roof, commonly set at a steep pitch. Shed roof higher at one end than the other. They may be used effectively when two levels exist where additional light is needed.

Conical Roof

is a steep circular roof that tapers to a point.

Exterior elevation

is a two dimensional drawing that shows what each side of the house looks like from the outside. The drawing provides the builder with key information about the home.

Butterfly Roof

is a two shed roof.

Saw Tooth Roof

is an adaptation of a series of lean-to roofs.

elevation drawing

is an orthographic projection drawing that shows one side of the house.

Jack rafter

is the frame between the hip rafter and the girt.

Elevation

is the front or side view of a building. It shows the design of the house, height dimension, materials finish and complete information on specification.

Gable or pitch

is the most common type and economical.

Section

is the view showing the inside part of the building either in cross- section or longitudinal section.

Mansard roof

where the sides of the roof slope steeply on each side.

Roof Framing Plan

•a structural framing plan of the roof plan with complete specification.

Roof Plan

•is one showing the outline of the roof and the major object lines indicating ridges, valleys, hips, and openings.